The Feminine Mystique (59 page)

10.
Richard E. Gordon,’ sociodynamics and Psychotherapy,”
A.M.A. Archives of Neurology and Psychiatry
, April, 1959, Vol. 81, pp. 486—503.

11.
Adelaide M. Johnson and S. A. Szurels, “The Genesis of Antisocial Acting Out in Children and Adults,”
Psychoanalytic Quarterly
, 1952, 21:323—343.

12.
Ibid
.

13.
Beata Rank, “Adaptation of the Psychoanalytical Technique for the Treatment of Young Children with Atypical Development,”
American Journal of Orthopsychiatry
, XIX, 1, January, 1949.

14.
Ibid
.

15.
Ibid
.

16.
Beata Rank, Marian C. Putnam, and Gregory Rochlin, M.D., “The Significance of the “Emotional Climate” in Early Feeding Difficulties,”
Psychosomatic Medicine
, X, 5, October, 1948.

17.
Richard E. Gordon and Katherine K. Gordon, “Social Psychiatry of a Mobile Suburb,”
op. cit
., pp. 89—100.

18.
Ibid
.

19.
Oscar Sternbach,’ sex Without Love and Marriage Without Responsibility,” an address presented at the 38th Annual Conference of The Child Study Association of America, March 12, 1962, New York City (mimeo ms.).

20.
Bruno Bettelheim,
The Informed Heart—Autonomy in a Mass Age
, Glencoe, Ill., 1960.

21.
Ibid
., pp. 162—169.

22.
Ibid
., p. 231.

23.
Ibid
., pp. 233 ff.

24.
Ibid
., p. 265.

Chapter 13. THE FORFEITED SELF

1.
Rollo May, “The Origins and Significance of the Existential Movement in Psychology,” in
Existence, A New Dimension in Psychiatry and Psychology
, Rollo May, Ernest Angel and Henri F. Ellenberger, eds., New York, 1958, pp. 30 ff. (See also Erich Fromm,
Escape from Freedom
, pp. 269 ff.; A. H. Maslow,
Motivation and Personality
, New York, 1954; David Riesman,
The Lonely Crowd
.)

2.
Rollo May, “Contributions of Existential Psychotherapy,” in
Existence, A New Dimension in Psychiatry and Psychology
, p. 87.

3.
Ibid
., p. 52.

4.
Ibid
., p. 53.

5.
Ibid
., pp. 59 ff.

6.
See Kurt Goldstein,
The Organism, A Holistic Approach to Biology Derived From Pathological Data on Man
, New York and Cincinnati, 1939; also
Abstract and Concrete Behavior
, Evanston, Ill., 1950;
Case of Idiot Savant
(with Martin Scheerer), Evanston, 1945;
Human Nature in the Light of Psychopathology
, Cambridge, 1947;
After-Effects of Brain Injuries in War
, New York, 1942.

7.
Eugene Minkowski, “Findings in a Case of Schizophrenic Depression,” in
Existence, A New Dimension in Psychiatry and Psychology
, pp. 132 ff.

8.
O. Hobart Mowrer, “Time as a Determinant in Integrative Learning,” in
Learning Theory and Personality Dynamics
, New York, 1950.

9.
Eugene Minkowski,
op. cit
., pp. 133—138:
     We think and act and desire beyond that death which, even so, we could not escape. The very existence of such phenomena as the desire to do something for future generations clearly indicates our attitude in this regard. In our patient, it was this propulsion toward the future which seemed to be totally lacking…. In this personal impetus, there is an element of expansion; we go beyond the limits of our own ego and leave a personal imprint on the world about us, creating works which sever themselves from us to live their own lives. This accompanies a specific, positive feeling which we call contentment—that pleasure which accompanies every finished action or firm decision. As a feeling, it is unique As a feeling, it is unique. Our entire individual evolution consists in trying to surpass that which has already been done. When our mental life dims, the future closes in front of us unique….

10.
Rollo May, “Contributions of Existential Psychotherapy,” pp. 31 ff. In Nietzsche’s philosophy, human individuality and dignity are “given or assigned to us as a task which we ourselves must solve” in Tillich’s philosophy, if you do not have the “courage to be,” you lose your own being; in Sartre’s, you
are
your choices.

11.
A. H. Maslow,
Motivation and Personality
, p. 83.

12.
A. H. Maslow,’ some Basic Propositions of Holistic-Dynamic Psychology,” an unpublished paper, Brandeis University.

13.
Ibid
.

14.
A. H. Maslow, “Dominance, Personality and Social Behavior in Women,”
Journal of Social Psychology
, 1939, Vol. 10, pp. 3—39; and “Self Esteem (Dominance-Feeling) and Sexuality in Women,”
Journal of Social Psychology
, 1942, Vol. 16, pp. 259—294.

15.
A. H. Maslow, “Dominance, Personality and Social Behavior in Women,”
op. cit
., pp. 3—11.

16.
Ibid
., pp. 13 ff.

17.
Ibid
., p. 180.

18.
A. H. Maslow,’ self-Esteem (Dominance-Feeling) and Sexuality in Women, “p. 288. Maslow points out, however, that women with “ego insecurity” pretended a “self-esteem—they did not actually have. Such women had to “dominate,” in the ordinary sense, in their sexual relations, to compensate for their “ego insecurity” thus, they were either castrative or masochistic. As I have pointed out, such women must have been very common in a society which gives women little chance for true self-esteem; this was undoubtedly the basis of the man-eating myth, and of Freud’s equation of femininity with castrative penis envy and/or masochistic passivity.

19.
A. H. Maslow,
Motivation and Personality
, pp. 200 ff.

20.
Ibid
., pp. 211 ff.

21.
Ibid
., p. 214.

22.
Ibid
., pp. 242 ff.

23.
Ibid
., pp. 257 ff. Maslow found that his self-actualizing people “have in unusual measure the rare ability to be pleased rather than threatened by the partner’s triumphs…. A most impressive example of this respect is the ungrudging pride of such a man in his wife’s achievements even where they outshine his.” (
Ibid
., p. 252).

24.
Ibid
., p. 245.

25.
Ibid
., p. 255.

26.
A. C. Kinsey,
et al., Sexual Behavior in the Human Female
, pp. 356 ff.; Table 97, p. 397; Table 104, p. 403.
Decade of Birth vs. Percentage of Marital Coitus Leading to Orgasm

27.
Ibid
., p. 355.

28.
See Judson T. Landis, “The Women Kinsey Studied, “George Simpson, “Nonsense about Women,” and A. H. Maslow and James M. Sakoda, “Volunteer Error in the Kinsey Study,” in
Sexual Behavior in American Society
.

29.
Ernest W. Burgess and Leonard S. Cottrell, Jr.,
Predicting Success or Failure in Marriage
, New York, 1939, p. 271.

30.
A. C. Kinsey,
et al., Sexual Behavior in the Human Female
, p. 403.

31.
Sylvan Keiser, “Body Ego During Orgasm,”
Psychoanalytic Quarterly
, 1952, Vol. XXI, pp. 153—166:
     Individuals of this group are characterized by failure to develop adequate egos failure to develop adequate egos. Their anxious devotion to, and lavish care of, their bodies belies the inner feelings of hollowness and inadequacy…. These patients have little sense of their own identity and are always ready to take on the personality of someone else. They have few personal convictions, and yield readily to the opinions of others…. It is chiefly among such patients that coitus can be enjoyed only up to the point of orgasm…. They dared not allow themselves uninhibited progression to orgasm with its concomitant loss of control, loss of awareness of the body, or death…. In instances of uncertainty about the structure and boundaries of the body image, one might say that the skin does not serve as an envelope which sharply defines the transition from the self to the environment; the one gradually merges into the other; there is no assurance of being a distinct entity endowed with the strength to give of itself without endangering one’s own integrity.