The Future of the Mind (57 page)

3
“great potential for development”:
Rose, p. 292.

4
“neuro-scientific impossibility”:
Ibid., p. 293.

5
“It is probably significant that”:
“Hypnosis in Intelligence,” Black Vault Freedom of Information Act Archive, 2008,
http://documents.theblackvault.com/documents/mindcontrol/hypnosisinintelligence.pdf
.

6
To see how widespread this problem:
Boleyn-Fitzgerald, p. 57.

7
Drugs like LSD:
Sweeney, p. 200.

8
“This is the first time we’ve shown”:
Boleyn-Fitzgerald, p. 58.

9
“If you want to turn off”:
http://www.nytimes.com/2011/05/17/science/17optics.html
.

10
“By feeding information from sensors”:
New York Times
, March 17, 2011,
http://nytimes.com/2011/05/17/science/17optics.html
.

CHAPTER 9: ALTERED STATES OF CONSCIOUSNESS

1
“Some fraction of history’s prophets”:
Eagleman, p. 207.

2
“Sometimes it’s a personal God”:
Boleyn-Fitzgerald, p. 122.

3
“ ‘Finally, I see what it is’ ”:
Ramachandran, p. 280.

4
“During the three minute bursts”:
David Biello,
Scientific American
, p. 41,
www.sciammind.com
.

5
To test these ideas:
Ibid., p. 42.

6
“Although atheists might argue”:
Ibid., p. 45.

7
“If you are an atheist”:
Ibid., p. 44.

8
One theory holds that Parkinson’s:
Sweeney, p. 166.

9
“Neurons wired for the sensation”:
Ibid., p. 90.

10
“The brain’s gonna do what”:
Ibid., p. 165.

11
“Brain scans have led researchers”:
Ibid., p. 208.

12
“If left unchecked, the left hemisphere”:
Ramachandran, p. 267.

13
Underactivity in this area:
Carter, pp. 100–103.

14
Ten percent of them, in turn:
Baker, pp. 46–53.

15
“Depression 1.0 was psychotherapy”:
Ibid., p. 3.

16
One to three percent of DBS patients:
Carter, p. 98.

17
“The calcium channels findings suggest”:
New York Times
, February 26, 2013,
http://www.nytimes.com/2013/03/01/health/study-finds-genetic-risk-factors-shared-by-5-psychiatric-disorders.html
.

18
“What we have identified here”:
Ibid.

CHAPTER 10: THE ARTIFICIAL MIND AND SILICON CONSCIOUSNESS

1
“Machines will be capable”:
Crevier, p. 109.

2
“within a generation … the problem”:
Ibid.

3
“It’s as though a group of people”:
Kaku, p. 79.

4
“I would pay a lot for a robot”:
Brockman, p. 2.

5
However, I met privately with:
Interview with the creators of ASIMO during a visit to Honda’s laboratory in Nagoya, Japan, in April 2007 for the BBC-TV series
Visions of the Future
.

6
he used to marvel at the mosquito:
Interview with Dr. Rodney Brooks in April 2002 for
Exploration
national radio broadcast.

7
I have had the pleasure of visiting:
Visit to MIT Media Laboratory for the Discovery/Science Channel TV series
Sci Fi Science
, April 13, 2010.

8
“That is why Breazeal decided”:
Moss, p. 168.

9
At Waseda University:
Gazzaniga, p. 352.

10
Their goal is to integrate:
Ibid., p. 252.

11
Meet Nao:
Guardian
, August 9, 2010,
http://www.theguardian.com/technology/2010/aug/09/nao-robot-develop-display-emotions
.

12
“It’s hard to predict the future”:
http://cosmomagazine.com/news/4177/reverse-engineering-brain
.

13
Neuroscientists like Dr. Antonio Damasio:
Damasio, pp. 108–29.

14
“In mathematics, you don’t understand”:
Kurzweil, p. 248.

15
“There could not be an objective test”:
Pinker, “The Riddle of Knowing You’re Here,”
Your Brain: A User’s Guide
, Winter, 2011, p. 19.

16
At Meiji University:
Gazzaniga, p. 352.

17
“To our knowledge, this is the first”:
Kurzweil.net
, August 24, 2012,
http://www.kurzweilai.net/robot-learns-self-awareness
. See also
Yale Daily News
, September 25, 2012,
http://yaledailynews.com/blog/2012/09/25/first-self-aware-robot-created
.

18
When I interviewed Dr. Hans Moravec:
Interview with Dr. Hans Moravec in November 1998 for
Exploration
national radio broadcast.

19
“Unleashed from the plodding pace”:
Sweeney, p. 316.

20
When I interviewed Dr. Rodney Brooks:
Interview with Dr. Brooks in April 2002 for
Exploration
national radio broadcast.

21
“We don’t like to give up”:
TEDTalks,
http://www.ted.com/talks/lang/en/rodney_brooks_on_robots.html
.

22
Similarly, at the University of Southern California:
http://phys.org/news205059692.html
.

CHAPTER 11: REVERSE ENGINEERING THE BRAIN

1
Almost simultaneously, the European Commission:
http://actu.epfl.ch/news/the-human-brain-project-wins-top-european-science
.

2
“It’s essential for us to understand”:
http://blog.ted.com/2009/10/15/supercomputing
.

3
“There’s not a single neurological disease”:
Kushner, p. 19.

4
“I think we’re far from playing God”:
Ibid., p. 2.

5
“In a hundred years, I’d like”:
Sally Adee, “Reverse Engineering the Brain,”
IEEE Spectrum
,
http://spectrum.ieee.org/biomedical/ethics/reverse-engineering-the-brain
.

6
“Researchers have conjectured”:
http://www.cnn.com/2012/03/01/tech/innovation/brain-map-connectome
.

7
“In the seventeenth century”:
http://www.ted.com/talks/lang/en/sebastian_seung.html
.

8
“The Allen Human Brain Atlas provides”:
http://ts-si.org/neuroscience/29735-allen-human-brain-atlas-updates-with-comprehensive
).

9
According to Dr. V. S. Ramachandran:
TED Talks, January 2010,
http://www.ted.com
.

CHAPTER 12: THE FUTURE: MIND BEYOND MATTER

1
5.8 percent claimed they had an out-of-body:
Nelson, p. 137.

2
“I see myself lying in bed”:
Ibid., p. 140.

3
Notably, temporary loss of blood:
National Geographic News
, April 8, 2010,
http://news.nationalgeographic.com/news/2010/04/100408-near-death-experiences-blood-carbon-dioxide
; Nelson, p. 126

4
Dr. Thomas Lempert, neurologist:
Nelson, p. 126.

5
The U.S. Air Force, for example:
Ibid., p. 128.

6
We once spoke at a conference:
Dubai, United Arab Emirates, November 2012. Interviewed in February 2003 for
Exploration
national radio broadcast. Interviewed in October 2012 for
Science Fantastic
national radio broadcast.

7
By 2055, $1,000 of computing power:
Bloom, p. 191.

8
For example, Bill Gates, cofounder:
Sweeney, p. 298.

9
“People who predict a very utopian future”:
Carter, p. 298.

10
He told me that the San Diego Zoo:
Interview with Dr. Robert Lanza in September 2009 for
Exploration
national radio broadcast.

11
“Should we ridicule the modern seekers”:
Sebastian Seung, TEDTalks,
http://www.ted.com/talks/lang/en/sebastian_seung.html
.

12
In 2008, BBC-TV aired:
http://www.bbc.co.uk/sn/tvradio/programmes/horizon/broadband/tx/isolation/timeline
.

13
we will be able to reverse engineer:
Interview with Dr. Moravec in November 1998 for
Exploration
national radio broadcast.

14
On the other side was Eric Drexler:
See a series of letter in
Chemical and Engineering News
from 2003 to 2004.

15
“I’m not planning to die”:
Garreau, p. 128.

CHAPTER 13: THE MIND AS PURE ENERGY

1
“Wormholes, extra dimensions”:
Sir Martin Rees,
Our Final Hour
(New York: Perseus Books, 2003), p. 182.

CHAPTER 14: THE ALIEN MIND

1
So far, more than one thousand:
Kepler Web Page,
http://kepler.nasa.gov
.

2
In 2013, NASA scientists announced:
Ibid.

3
how they can distinguish false messages:
Interview with Dr. Wertheimer in June 1999 for
Exploration
national radio broadcast.

4
I once asked him about the giggle factor:
Interview with Dr. Seth Shostak in May 2012 for
Science Fantastic
national radio broadcast.

5
He has gone on record:
Ibid.

6
“Remember, this is the same government”:
Davies, p. 22.

7
The Greek writers:
Sagan, p. 221.

8
But St. Thomas Aquinas:
Ibid.

9
We can be fooled:
Ibid.

10
“If the fact that brutes abstract”:
Ibid., p. 113.

11
“In the blind and deaf world”:
Eagleman, p. 77.

12
we have to expand our own horizon:
Interview with Dr. Paul Davies in April 2012 for
Science Fantastic
national radio broadcast.

13
“My conclusion is a startling one”:
Davies, p. 159.

14
“Although there is only a tiny probability”:
Discovery News
, December 27, 2011,
http://news.discovery.com/space/seti-to-scour-the-moon-for-alien-tech-111227.htm
.

CHAPTER 15: CONCLUDING REMARKS

1
In an article in
Wired
:
Wired
, April 2000,
http://www.wired.com/wired/archive/8.04/joy.html
.

2
“several separate and unequal species”:
Garreau, p. 139.

3
“This techno utopia is all about”:
Ibid., p. 180.

4
“The idea that we are messin’ ”:
Ibid., p. 353.

5
“Technologies—such as gunpowder”:
Ibid., p. 182.

6
“The
you
that all your friends know”:
Eagleman, p. 205.

7
“Our reality depends on what”:
Ibid., p. 208.

8
“How it is that anything so remarkable”:
Pinker, p. 132.

9
somehow create a twin of the Earth:
Interview with Dr. Stephen Jay Gould in November 1996 for
Exploration
national radio broadcast.

10
“
Homo sapiens
is one small twig”:
Pinker, p. 133.

11
“nothing gives life more purpose”:
Pinker, “The Riddle of Knowing You’re Here,”
Time: Your Brain: A User’s Guide
(Winter 2011), p. 19.

12
“What a perplexing masterpiece”:
Eagleman, p. 224.

APPENDIX: QUANTUM CONSCIOUSNESS?

1
many (but not all) pathological killers:
Interview with Dr. Simon Baron-Cohen in July 2005 for
Exploration
national radio broadcast.

2
Dr. Michael Sweeney concludes, “Libet’s findings”:
Sweeney, p. 150.

SUGGESTED READING

Baker, Sherry. “Helen Mayberg.”
Discover Magazine Presents the Brain
. Waukesha, WI: Kalmbach Publishing Co., Fall 2012.

Bloom, Floyd.
Best of the Brain from Scientific American: Mind, Matter, and Tomorrow’s Brain
. New York: Dana Press, 2007.

Boleyn-Fitzgerald, Miriam.
Pictures of the Mind: What the New Neuroscience Tells Us About Who We Are
. Upper Saddle River, N.J.: Pearson Education, 2010.

Brockman, John, ed.
The Mind: Leading Scientists Explore the Brain, Memory, Personality, and Happiness
. New York: Harper Perennial, 2011.

Calvin, William H.
A Brief History of the Mind
. New York: Oxford University Press, 2004.

Carter, Rita.
Mapping the Mind
. Berkeley: University of California Press, 2010.

Crevier, Daniel.
AI: The Tumultuous History of the Search for Artificial Intelligence
. New York: Basic Books, 1993.