The Hindus (128 page)
Authors: Wendy Doniger
CHAPTER 18. PHILOSOPHICAL FEUDS IN SOUTH INDIA AND KASHMIR
3
K. M. Sen,
Hinduism,
67. He called them
ardhavainashika,
punning on
vai-sheshika
(people who make distinctions) and
vai-nashika
(people who make extinctions—of religion).
K. M. Sen,
Hinduism,
67. He called them
ardhavainashika,
punning on
vai-sheshika
(people who make distinctions) and
vai-nashika
(people who make extinctions—of religion).
4
Ibid., 69.
Ibid., 69.
5
Ibid., 66.
Ibid., 66.
7
Ibid., 132.
Ibid., 132.
8
Klostermaier,
Hinduism,
60; see also the
Sarvadarsanasamgraha
of Madhava (not to be confused with Madhva), a fourteenth-century Advaitia philosopher.
Klostermaier,
Hinduism,
60; see also the
Sarvadarsanasamgraha
of Madhava (not to be confused with Madhva), a fourteenth-century Advaitia philosopher.
11
Kripal, “Hinduism and Popular Western Culture.”
Kripal, “Hinduism and Popular Western Culture.”
12
Shankara’s commentary on the
Brihadaranyaka Upanishad
(iii.5.1 and iv.5.15); Lorenzen,
Who Invented Hinduism?,
121.
Shankara’s commentary on the
Brihadaranyaka Upanishad
(iii.5.1 and iv.5.15); Lorenzen,
Who Invented Hinduism?,
121.
13
Ramanuja’s commentary on Badarayana’s
Brahmasutra
(
Shribhashya
2.2.27); Isayeva,
Shankara and Indian Philosophy,
14.
Ramanuja’s commentary on Badarayana’s
Brahmasutra
(
Shribhashya
2.2.27); Isayeva,
Shankara and Indian Philosophy,
14.
14
Grierson, “Madhvas,” 235.
Grierson, “Madhvas,” 235.
16
Shankara-dig-vijaya
of Madhava, chapter 9;
Shankara-vijaya
of Anandagiri, 58-59; Ravicandra’s commentary on Amaru; Siegel,
Fires of Love,
4-5.
Shankara-dig-vijaya
of Madhava, chapter 9;
Shankara-vijaya
of Anandagiri, 58-59; Ravicandra’s commentary on Amaru; Siegel,
Fires of Love,
4-5.
22
Ibid., 45.
Ibid., 45.
31
Ibid., 164.
Ibid., 164.
32
Ibid., 170.
Ibid., 170.
33
Ibid.,162.
Ibid.,162.
35
Lubin, “Veda on Parade,” 398.
Lubin, “Veda on Parade,” 398.
37
Beck, “Krishna as Loving Husband of God,” 70.
Beck, “Krishna as Loving Husband of God,” 70.
39
Appadurai, “Kings, Sects and Temples.”
Appadurai, “Kings, Sects and Temples.”
42
Cox, “Saffron in the Rasam.”
Cox, “Saffron in the Rasam.”
45
Ibid. 328 and 114; a copy of the gorgeously illustrated translation is one of the treasures of the Chester Beatty Library in Dublin.
Ibid. 328 and 114; a copy of the gorgeously illustrated translation is one of the treasures of the Chester Beatty Library in Dublin.
46
Personal communication from Muzaffar Alam, Chicago, December 2007.
Personal communication from Muzaffar Alam, Chicago, December 2007.
CHAPTER 19. DIALOGUE AND TOLERANCE UNDER THE MUGHALS
2
Ibid., 94-95.
Ibid., 94-95.
4
Ibid., 274, 289.
Ibid., 274, 289.
7
Ibid., 52, 442, 415, 342.
Ibid., 52, 442, 415, 342.
21
Ibid., 113, citing Akbar.
Ibid., 113, citing Akbar.
22
Khan, “Akbar’s Personality Traits,” 22.
Khan, “Akbar’s Personality Traits,” 22.
23
Ibid., 36.
Ibid., 36.
27
Ibid.
Ibid.
30
Ibid., 312-13.
Ibid., 312-13.
32
Wujastyk, “Change and Creativity,” 107, 109-10.
Wujastyk, “Change and Creativity,” 107, 109-10.
34
Ibid., 30.
Ibid., 30.
37
Dalrymple, “The Most Magnificent Muslims,” 26.
Dalrymple, “The Most Magnificent Muslims,” 26.
39
Findly, “Jahangir’s Vow,” 249.
Findly, “Jahangir’s Vow,” 249.
47
Ibid., 50.
Ibid., 50.
51
Ibid., 343.
Ibid., 343.
52
Ibid., 342-43, 349, 356.
Ibid., 342-43, 349, 356.
56
Ibid., 26.
Ibid., 26.
64
Ibid., 103, 196.
Ibid., 103, 196.
66
Ibid., 276.
Ibid., 276.
69
Ibid., 301.
Ibid., 301.
74
Forster, “The Emperor Babur.”
Forster, “The Emperor Babur.”
76
Ibid., 41, 45, 96, 198.
Ibid., 41, 45, 96, 198.
77
Findly, “Jahangir’s Vow,” 247.
Findly, “Jahangir’s Vow,” 247.
79
Ibid., 12, 128, 137.
Ibid., 12, 128, 137.
82
Karen Rosenberg, “An Emperor’s Art: Small, Refined, Jewel Toned,” reviewing an exhibition at the Sackler Gallery.
New York Times,
Friday, July 18, 2008.
Karen Rosenberg, “An Emperor’s Art: Small, Refined, Jewel Toned,” reviewing an exhibition at the Sackler Gallery.
New York Times,
Friday, July 18, 2008.
85
Findly, “Jahangir’s Vow,” 250, citing Humayun’s memoirs.
Findly, “Jahangir’s Vow,” 250, citing Humayun’s memoirs.
88
Ibid., 202.
Ibid., 202.
89
Findly, “Jahangir’s Vow,” 247-48.
Findly, “Jahangir’s Vow,” 247-48.
90
Ibid., 247, 250, 253.
Ibid., 247, 250, 253.
93
Ibid., 338, 350, 398, 533, 354.
Ibid., 338, 350, 398, 533, 354.
94
Ibid., 356, 363
Ibid., 356, 363
99
Ibid., 30-31, 37.
Ibid., 30-31, 37.
108
N. K. Sen,
Hinduism,
89, citing the seventeenth-century Sufi Bawr Saheb, his Hindu disciple Biru Saheb, and his Muslim disciple Yari Shah.
N. K. Sen,
Hinduism,
89, citing the seventeenth-century Sufi Bawr Saheb, his Hindu disciple Biru Saheb, and his Muslim disciple Yari Shah.
110
Petievich, “Dakani’s Radha-Krishna Imagery.”
Petievich, “Dakani’s Radha-Krishna Imagery.”
114
Narayana Rao, “Multiple Literary Cultures.”
Narayana Rao, “Multiple Literary Cultures.”
128
Ibid., 300.
Ibid., 300.
CHAPTER 20. HINDUISM UNDER THE MUGHALS
2
Wujastyk, “Change and Creativity,” 110, citing P. V. Kane.
Wujastyk, “Change and Creativity,” 110, citing P. V. Kane.
3
Ibid.
Ibid.
9
Lamb, “Personalizing the Ramayana,” 237.
Lamb, “Personalizing the Ramayana,” 237.
10
Tulsi,
Ramcaritmanas (The Holy Lake),
7.53; Hawley and Juergensmeyer,
Songs of the Saints of India,
153.
Tulsi,
Ramcaritmanas (The Holy Lake),
7.53; Hawley and Juergensmeyer,
Songs of the Saints of India,
153.
12
Ibid., 6.108.7.
Ibid., 6.108.7.
13
Beck, “Krishna as Loving Husband,” 71.
Beck, “Krishna as Loving Husband,” 71.
16
Ibid., 139.
Ibid., 139.
19
Sanford, “Holi Through Dauji’s Eyes,”109.
Sanford, “Holi Through Dauji’s Eyes,”109.
21
Beck, “Krishna as Loving Husband,” 72-73.
Beck, “Krishna as Loving Husband,” 72-73.
22
Ibid., 78.
Ibid., 78.
24
Beck, “Krishna as Loving Husband,” 76, quoting J. Farquhar in 1917.
Beck, “Krishna as Loving Husband,” 76, quoting J. Farquhar in 1917.
28
Ibid., xix, xiv, 119.
Ibid., xix, xiv, 119.
30
Ibid., 86-87.
Ibid., 86-87.
38
Ibid.
Ibid.
40
Doniger, “ ‘I Have Scinde.’ ”
Doniger, “ ‘I Have Scinde.’ ”
42
Crooke,
The Popular Religion and Folk-lore of Northern India,
vol. 2, 206; citing Rousselet, “India and Its Native Princes,” 116.
Crooke,
The Popular Religion and Folk-lore of Northern India,
vol. 2, 206; citing Rousselet, “India and Its Native Princes,” 116.
45
Ibid., 118, 122.
Ibid., 118, 122.
46
Sontheimer, “The Mallari/Khandoba Myth,” 155, 163.
Sontheimer, “The Mallari/Khandoba Myth,” 155, 163.
47
Personal communication from Jack Stanley, Chicago, 1980.
Personal communication from Jack Stanley, Chicago, 1980.
48
Sontheimer, “Folk Hero, King and God.”
Sontheimer, “Folk Hero, King and God.”
49
Sontheimer, “Some Incidents in the History of the God Khandoba,” 116.
Sontheimer, “Some Incidents in the History of the God Khandoba,” 116.
51
Sontheimer, “The Mallari/Khandoba Myth,” 161.
Sontheimer, “The Mallari/Khandoba Myth,” 161.
54
Erndl,
Victory to the Mother,
46. The story is found in oral tradition and numerous popular pamphlets.
Erndl,
Victory to the Mother,
46. The story is found in oral tradition and numerous popular pamphlets.
55
Ibid., 96. From a Hindi oral version collected in Chandigarh, 1982-83.
Ibid., 96. From a Hindi oral version collected in Chandigarh, 1982-83.
56
Erndl notes, of her contemporary story: ”There is a controversy over whether he is the same as King Hariscandra of Ayodhya, an ancestor of Rama, or a local king of Haripur in District Kangra, H.P. [Himachal Pradesh].”
Erndl notes, of her contemporary story: ”There is a controversy over whether he is the same as King Hariscandra of Ayodhya, an ancestor of Rama, or a local king of Haripur in District Kangra, H.P. [Himachal Pradesh].”
57
Crooke,
The Popular Religion and Folk-lore,
vol. 2, 206; citing
Indian Antiquary,
vol. 11, 325 ff;
Panjab Notes and Queries,
vol. 2.
Crooke,
The Popular Religion and Folk-lore,
vol. 2, 206; citing
Indian Antiquary,
vol. 11, 325 ff;
Panjab Notes and Queries,
vol. 2.
59
Ibid., 121.
Ibid., 121.
60
Ibid., 45, citing A. K. Ramanujan.
Ibid., 45, citing A. K. Ramanujan.
61
Ibid., 299.
Ibid., 299.
63
Steel, “Folklore in the Panjab,” 35.
Steel, “Folklore in the Panjab,” 35.
64
Crooke,
The Popular Religion and Folk-lore,
vol. 1, 211-13, citing
Indian Antiquary,
vol. 11, 33 ff; Cunningham, “Archaeological Reports,” vol. 17, 159; “Panjab Notes and Queries,” vol. 2, 1; John Campbell Oman,
Cults, Customs, and Superstitions
(1908), 68-82.
Crooke,
The Popular Religion and Folk-lore,
vol. 1, 211-13, citing
Indian Antiquary,
vol. 11, 33 ff; Cunningham, “Archaeological Reports,” vol. 17, 159; “Panjab Notes and Queries,” vol. 2, 1; John Campbell Oman,
Cults, Customs, and Superstitions
(1908), 68-82.
65
Rose,
A Glossary of the Tribes and Castes,
179. From Nabha State, a princely Sikh state near the Punjab.
Rose,
A Glossary of the Tribes and Castes,
179. From Nabha State, a princely Sikh state near the Punjab.
66
Subrahmanyam, “Friday’s Child,” 80.
Subrahmanyam, “Friday’s Child,” 80.
67
Ibid., 81, quoting a French eyewitness account of 1714.
Ibid., 81, quoting a French eyewitness account of 1714.
69
Subrahmanyam, “Friday’s Child,” 108-09.
Subrahmanyam, “Friday’s Child,” 108-09.
70
Dalrymple, “Homer in India,” 51.
Dalrymple, “Homer in India,” 51.
71
Ibid., 54
Ibid., 54
78
Ibid., 164.
Ibid., 164.
79
Ibid., 144-15, 155-56.
Ibid., 144-15, 155-56.
80
Ibid., 143.
Ibid., 143.
81
Ibid., 143, 147-49, 156.
Ibid., 143, 147-49, 156.
82
Ibid., 151, 153.
Ibid., 151, 153.
83
Ibid., 155.
Ibid., 155.
87
Ibid., 137.
Ibid., 137.
92
Ibid., vol. 3, 449.
Ibid., vol. 3, 449.
93
Nandy, “Sati as Profit,” 140.
Nandy, “Sati as Profit,” 140.
95
Ibid., 36.
Ibid., 36.
96
Nandy, “Sati as Profit,” 140.
Nandy, “Sati as Profit,” 140.
99
Sangari, “Perpetuating the Myth,” 27.
Sangari, “Perpetuating the Myth,” 27.
102
Ibid., 23.
Ibid., 23.
103
Ibid., 24.
Ibid., 24.
104
Ibid., 117-18.
Ibid., 117-18.
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