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Finding Arlington Woman: Santa Rosa Island, California

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Hunting American Megafauna: La Brea Tar Pits, Los Angeles

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Clovis Culture: Gault, Texas

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Meeting Luzia: Rio, Brazil

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Ancient Hunter-Gatherers in the Amazon Forest: Pedra Pintada, Brazil

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Black Soil and Revelations: Monte Verde, Chile

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Journey’s End

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References and Sources for Figures and Maps

p. 5
The Human Family Tree: ‘Splitters’ Hominin Taxonomy.
Based on figure 1 in Wood, B., Lonergan, N. The hominin fossil record: taxa, grades and clades.
Journal of Anatomy
212: 354–76 (2008).

p. 11
Ages and Stages.
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Homo Britannicus. The Incredible Story of Human Life in Britain
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p. 15
Basic Guide to Toolkits.
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p. 53
Bodo and Omo crania.
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The Human Fossil Record
, vol. 2,
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, Wiley Liss, New Jersey, pp. 235–40 (2003).

p. 63
Routes out of Africa
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Homo sapiens
colonization of the Indian Ocean rim and Sahul.
Current Anthropology
48: 315–21 (2007).

p. 101
Mitochondrial DNA ivy branches
. Based on Stephen Oppenheimer’s description and figure in box 2: Shriver, M. D., & Kittles, R. A. Genetic ancestry and thesearch for personalized genetic histories.
Nature Reviews Genetics
5: 611–18 (2004).

p. 119
Routes from Sunda to Sahul
. Based on figure 1 in Bulbeck, D. Where river meets sea. A Parsimonious model for
Homo sapiens
colonization of the Indian Ocean rim and Sahul.
Current Anthropology
48: 315–21 (2007).

p. 152
Routes into central and northern Asia
. Based on figures 5.5, 5.7 and 5.9 in Oppenheimer, S.
Out of Eden. The Peopling of the World
, Constable & Robinson, London (2003).

p. 207
Routes into Europe.
Based on figure 1 in: Mellars, P. Neanderthals and the modern human colonization of Europe.
Nature
432: 461–5 (2004); figure 1 in Bar-Yosef, O. The Upper Paleolithic revolution.
Annual Reviews in Anthropology
31: 363–93 (2002); figure 3.4 in Oppenheimer, S.
Out of Eden. The Peopling of the World
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p. 208
Upper Palaeolithic Artefacts from
Üçagizliğizli
Cave
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Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences
98: 7641–6 (2001). p. 209
Pierced Nassarius shells from Üçagizli Cave
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Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences
98: 7641–6 (2001).

p. 214
Simplified plan of
Peştera
cu Oase
. Redrawn from Zilhao, J. E., Trinkaus, E., Constantin, S.,
et al
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Peştera
cu Oase people, Europe’s earliest modern humans. In: Mellars, P., Stringer, C., Bar-Yosef, O., Boyle, K. (eds),
Rethinking the Human Revolution: New Behavioural and Biological Perspectives on the Origins and Dispersal of Modern Humans
, McDonald Institute of Archaeology Monographs, Cambridge (2007).

p. 262
Stages in the manufacture of Aurignacian beads.
Based on figures in White, R. Systems of personal ornamentation in the Early Upper Palaeolithic: methodological challengesand new observations. In: Mellars, P., Boyle, K., Bar-Yosef, O., &Stringer, C. (eds),
Rethinking the Human Revolution: New Behavioural and Biological Perspectives on the Origin and Dispersal of Modern Humans
, McDonald Institute for Archaeological Research, Cambridge (2007).

p. 300
Routes into the Americas
. Based on figure 7.1 in Oppenheimer, S.
Out of Eden. The Peopling of the World
, Constable & Robinson, London (2003); figure 1 in Goebel, T. The Late Pleistocene dispersal of modern humans in the Americas.
Science
319: 1497–502 (2008).

Acknowledgements

I want to express my thanks to the huge team of people who made this book and the BBC2 television series possible.

The producers, Michael Moseley, Kim Shillinglaw and Paul Bradshaw, made the journey happen and kept it on track!

I was away filming for around 26 weeks, through the spring and summer of 2008, and I couldn’t have done it without the love
and support of my husband, Dave Stevens, who stayed at home while I roamed the world. I’m extremely grateful to the originators
of Skype and Facebook for helping me stay in contact with family and friends when I was far, far away.

I must also thank my Head of Department, Jeremy Henley, the Department of Anatomy and the University of Bristol, for granting
me a leave of absence, allowing me to take the wonderful opportunity of making this journey.

Many friends and colleagues have kindly assisted me with this book.

I am massively indebted to Stephen Oppenheimer, Colin Groves and Jo Kamminga, for their careful reading of early drafts and
wise advice and guidance. Many of the producers, directors and researchers on the series, especially Kim Shillinglaw, Paul
Bradshaw, Dave Stewart, Pete Oxley, Naomi Law, Mags Lightbody and Sam Cronin, also provided me with valuable feedback and
fact checks. Many thanks are due to Martha Sullivan and Jodie Pashley for furnishing me with transcripts of interviews.

I am very grateful to Chris Stringer (Natural History Museum) and Peter Forster (Anglia Ruskin University) for their thoughtful
advice.

And to Paul Valdes and Joy Singarayer (Bristol Research Initiative for the Dynamic Global Environment – BRIDGE – University
of Bristol), climate consultants for the series, for sharing the palaeoclimate maps with me. Enormous thanks to Dave Stevens
who took my rough sketches and made them into beautiful maps and diagrams.

Thank you to everyone involved with filming the series. Each of the five programmes – corresponding with the chapters in this
book – was filmed by a different team, with a cast of contributors, some of whom I have written about in the book, others
whom I must remember here.

Thanks also to Arno and Estelle Oostuysen, for looking after us at Nhoma camp; all the Bushmen of Nhoma, and Theo for keeping
guard on our night in the bush; to Raj Ramesar, for an introduction to Capetonian genetics, and all the study participants
who shared their results with us; Kyle Brown, for the tour around Pinnacle Point; Jeff Rose, for introducing me to Omani archaeology;
and Yoel Rak, for showing me Skhul Cave.

In India, Southeast Asia and Australia: thanks to Ed Bazalgette, producer/director (and outback-barbie guitarist); Naomi Law,
researcher and macarena teacher, goddess of organisation and serenity (remember the night when the lights went out in Mungo?);
Chris Titus King, cameraman with an excellent sense of the absurd; Freddie Claire, soundman, with a joke for every occasion
(Poppadom preach and Indian otters); Alex Byng, camera assistant; Phil Dow, camera assistant in Oz; Toby Sinclair, fixer extraordinaire
in India (thank you for the jasmine garlands!); and Alan d’Cruz, fixer in Malaysia.

Many thanks to Michael Petraglia and Ravi Korisettar, for giving up time to talk to me during their excavation at Jwalapuram;
Bert Roberts, for fascinating insight into luminescence dating and the Hobbit controversy; Stephen Oppenheimer, for talking
to me about genetics and phylogeography, and for reviewing the India-to-Australia chapter – huge thanks; Hamid Isa, for his
knowledge of the Semang people; Ipoi Datan, for bringing the Niah skull back to its findspot; Tony Djubiantono, for letting
me examine the bones from Flores; Robert Bednarik, for masterminding the construction of a Stone Age raft; Sally May, fixer
and Australian rock art expert in Gunbalanya; Anthony Murphy and all the artists at the Injalak Arts & Crafts Centre; Michael
Westaway, archaeologist at Mungo; Alan Thorne, for introducing me to Mungo Man; and Sheila van holst Pellekaan, for an insight
into Australian genetics.

In Siberia and China: thanks to Fiona Cushley, assistant producer, for her Russian expertise and walking the wall with me;
Tim Cragg, cameraman,

Adam Prescod, soundman and Jack Burton, second cameraman, for keeping going in the c-c-cold; and Qian Hong, fixer in China.

I am also grateful to Svetlana Demeshchenko, head curator at the Hermitage, for letting me see the beautiful artefacts from
Mal’ta; Vladimir Pitulko, for talking to me about Yana – and for trying to get me there!; Piers Vitebsky and Anatoly Alekseyev, for introducing me to Arctic culture; Jo Kamminga, for teaching me to make a bamboo
knife, and for reviewing the manuscript of this book – and for my copy of
Prehistory of
Australia
; Xingzhi Wu, for introducing me to Zhoukoudian and Peking Man; Wei Jun, Wang Hao Tian, Liu Cheng Jie and Liu Cheng Yi; and
Fu Xianguo, for an introduction to early Chinese pottery.

In Europe: thanks to Phil Smith, producer/director, for his excellent direction and wry sense of humour (though I’m sad that
River Euphrates was not on the soundtrack!); Finola Lang, assistant producer, for her girly company; Jonathan Partridge, cameraman
and gentleman; Simon Farmer, soundman, for his beautiful watercolour postcards; Adrian O’Toole, camera assistant, ‘they’ll
like that back at broadcasting hice’; (and thank you to all of the above for my massive Romanian birthday cake).

Thank you to Michael Pitts and John Chambers, diver cameraman and diving buddy in Gibraltar; Nathalie Cabrier, formidable
fixer in France, with her infallible sense of direction!; Klaus Schmidt, director of the Göbekli Tepe site; Silviu Constantin,
Mihai Bacin, Virgil Dragusin and Alexandra Hillebrand, for taking me to
Peştera
cu Oase, and for the book of caves; Clive
and Gerry Finlayson, and Darren Fa, for conversations about Neanderthals and the sea caves of Gibraltar; Nick Conard, for
showing me the site and the beautiful artefacts from Vogelherd, and for giving me such an insight into the Swabian Aurignacian;
Wulf Hein, for showing me how to use an atlatl, and sorry for losing your arrows in the long grass; Katerina Harvati, for
her knowledge of heads and hybrids; Ed Green, for explaining the Neanderthal Genome Project to me; Jiri Svoboda, for taking
me to the vineyards of Dolní Vìstonice and showing me the wonderful ivory carvings in the museum; Martina Laznickova, for
helping me to make a reconstruction of the Dolní Vìstonice Venus; Randall White, for an introduction to the Aurignacian and
Abri Castanet; Michel Lorblanchet, for his demonstration of Palaeolithic stencilling technique, and for being my guide in
Cougnac Cave; and The Musee Duyputren, for letting me examine rachitic skeletons there. And many thanks to Bruce Bradley
and Metin Eren for the lesson in Palaeolithic stone tool manufacture.

In the Americas: thanks to Pete Oxley, producer/director, for not losing me in a tar pool and down a crevasse!; Clare Duncan,
assistant producer; Paul Jenkins, cameraman (we were good up that glacier, weren’t we?); Simon Farmer, soundman and catalogue
model; and David McDowall, assistant cameraman (What! No beer at a folk festival?!).

Also: Karina Rehavia, fixer in Brazil – thank you for looking after us and for rescuing my books! Thanks to Mike Collins and
the Gault team; John Johnson on Santa Rosa; John Harris, for getting me into a sticky mess at La Brea tar pits; Rolf Mathewes
and his pollen at Simon Fraser University; Rob Toohey, for looking after me in the water and up on the glacier; Jim Orava,
for teaching me to ice-climb; Quentin Mackie, for introducing me to some Canadian bears; Tracey Pierre and the Tsuu T’ina
First Nation in Canada; Walter Neves and the Brazilian National Museum, for introducing me to Luzia; and Mario Piño for talking
me around the site at Monte Verde.

(And thank you to everyone else I have mentioned in the book.)

The views and opinions expressed in this book, where I am not reporting on specific items of published research, are my own
– as are any mistakes.

Many thanks to my agents, Hilary Murray and Luigi Bonomi.

Finally, I am hugely grateful to my editors, Richard Atkinson and Natalie Hunt, to my patient copyeditor, Richard Collins,
and to the whole team at Bloomsbury.