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Authors: James Gleick

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“THE DISCOVERY OF THE ANALYTICAL ENGINE”
: Quoted in Anthony Hyman,
Charles Babbage
, 185.



NOTIONS SUR LA MACHINE ANALYTIQUE

:
Bibliothèque Universelle de Genève
, no. 82 (October 1842).


NOT TO “
PROCLAIM
WHO HAS WRITTEN IT”
: Ada to Babbage, 4 July 1843, in Betty Alexandra Toole,
Ada, the Enchantress of Numbers
, 145.


“ANY PROCESS WHICH ALTERS THE MUTUAL RELATION”
: Note A (by the translator, Ada Lovelace) to L. F. Menabrea, “Sketch of the Analytical Engine Invented by Charles Babbage,” in
Charles Babbage and His Calculating Engines
, 247.


“THE ANALYTICAL ENGINE DOES NOT OCCUPY COMMON GROUND”
: Ibid., 252.


“THE ENGINE EATING ITS OWN TAIL”
: H. Babbage, “The Analytical Engine,” paper read at Bath, 12 September 1888, in
Charles Babbage and His Calculating Engines
, 331.


“WE EASILY PERCEIVE THAT SINCE EVERY SUCCESSIVE FUNCTION”
: Note D (by the translator, Ada Lovelace) to L. F. Menabrea, “Sketch of the Analytical Engine Invented by Charles Babbage.”


“THAT
BRAIN
OF MINE”
: Ada to Babbage, 5 July 1843, in Betty Alexandra Toole,
Ada, the Enchantress of Numbers
, 147.


“HOW MULTIFARIOUS AND HOW MUTUALLY COMPLICATED”
: Note D (by the translator, Ada Lovelace) to L. F. Menabrea, “Sketch of the Analytical Engine Invented by Charles Babbage.”


“I AM IN MUCH DISMAY”
: Ada to Babbage, 13 July 1843, in Betty Alexandra Toole,
Ada, the Enchantress of Numbers
, 149.


“I FIND THAT MY PLANS & IDEAS”
: Ada to Babbage, 22 July 1843, ibid., 150.


“I DO NOT THINK YOU POSSESS HALF
MY
FORETHOUGHT”
: Ada to Babbage, 30 July 1843, ibid., 157.


“IT WOULD BE LIKE USING THE STEAM HAMMER”
: H. P. Babbage, “The Analytical Engine,” 333.


“WHAT SHALL WE THINK OF THE CALCULATING MACHINE”
: “Maelzel’s Chess-Player,” in
The Prose Tales of Edgar Allan Poe: Third Series
(New York: A. C. Armstrong & Son, 1889), 230.


“STEAM IS AN APT SCHOLAR”
: Ralph Waldo Emerson,
Society and Solitude
(Boston: Fields, Osgood, 1870), 143.


“WHAT A SATIRE IS THAT MACHINE”
: Oliver Wendell Holmes,
The Autocrat of the Breakfast-Table
(New York: Houghton Mifflin, 1893), 11.


“ONE OF THE MOST FASCINATING OF ARTS”
: Charles Babbage,
Passages from the Life of a Philosopher
, 235.


“EVERY SHOWER THAT FALLS”
: “On the Age of Strata, as Inferred from the Rings of Trees Embedded in Them,” from Charles Babbage,
The Ninth Bridgewater Treatise: A Fragment
(London: John Murray, 1837), in
Charles Babbage and His Calculating Engines
, 368.


“ADMITTING IT TO BE POSSIBLE BETWEEN LONDON AND LIVERPOOL”
: Charles Babbage,
On the Economy of Machinery
, 10.


“ENCLOSED IN SMALL CYLINDERS ALONG WIRES”
: Charles Babbage,
Passages from the Life of a Philosopher
, 447.


“A COACH AND APPARATUS”
: Charles Babbage,
On the Economy of Machinery
, 273.


“ZENITH-LIGHT SIGNALS”
: Charles Babbage,
Passages from the Life of a Philosopher
, 460.


“THIS LED TO A NEW THEORY OF STORMS”
: Ibid., 301.


“A DIFFERENT SENSE OF ANACHRONISM”
: Jenny Uglow, “Possibility,” in Francis Spufford and Jenny Uglow,
Cultural Babbage
, 20.


“IF, UNWARNED BY MY EXAMPLE”
: Charles Babbage,
Passages from the Life of a Philosopher
, 450.


“THEY SAY THAT ‘
COMING EVENTS
’ ”
: Ada to Lady Byron, 10 August 1851, in Betty Alexandra Toole,
Ada, the Enchantress of Numbers
, 287.


“MY BEING
IN TIME
AN
AUTOCRAT

: Ada to Lady Byron, 29 October 1851, ibid., 291.

5. A NERVOUS SYSTEM FOR THE EARTH
 


“IS IT A FACT—OR HAVE I DREAMT IT”
: Nathaniel Hawthorne,
The House of the Seven Gables
(Boston: Ticknor, Reed, & Fields, 1851), 283.


THREE CLERKS IN A SMALL ROOM
: They managed the traffic “easily, and not very continuously.” “Central Telegraph Stations,”
Journal of the Society of Telegraph Engineers
4 (1875): 106.


“WHO WOULD THINK THAT BEHIND THIS NARROW FOREHEAD”
: Andrew Wynter, “The Electric Telegraph,”
Quarterly Review
95 (1854): 118–64.


HE WAS NEITHER THE FIRST NOR THE LAST
: Iwan Rhys Morus, “ ‘The Nervous System of Britain’: Space, Time and the Electric Telegraph in the Victorian Age,”
British Journal of the History of Science
33 (2000): 455–75.


ALFRED SMEE
: Quoted in Iwan Rhys Morus, “ ‘The Nervous System of Britain,’ ” 471.


“THE DOCTOR CAME AND LOOKED”
: “Edison’s Baby,”
The New York Times
, 27 October 1878, 5.


“THE TIME IS CLOSE AT HAND”
: “The Future of the Telephone,”
Scientific American
, 10 January 1880.


“ELECTRICITY IS THE POETRY OF SCIENCE”
: Alexander Jones,
Historical Sketch of the Electric Telegraph: Including Its Rise and Progress in the United States
(New York: Putnam, 1852), v.


“AN INVISIBLE, INTANGIBLE, IMPONDERABLE AGENT”
: William Robert Grove, quoted in Iwan Rhys Morus, “ ‘The Nervous System of Britain,’” 463.


“THE WORLD OF SCIENCE IS NOT AGREED”
: Dionysus Lardner,
The Electric Telegraph
, revised and rewritten by Edward B. Bright (London: James Walton, 1867), 6.


“WE ARE NOT TO CONCEIVE OF THE ELECTRICITY”
: “The Telegraph,”
Harper’s New Monthly Magazine
, 47 (August 1873), 337.


“BOTH OF THEM ARE POWERFUL”
: “The Electric Telegraph,”
The New York Times
, 11 November 1852.


“CANST THOU SEND LIGHTNINGS”
: Job 38:35; Dionysus Lardner,
The Electric Telegraph
.


COUNT MIOT DE MELITO CLAIMED
:
Memoirs of Count Miot de Melito
, vol. 1, trans. Cashel Hoey and John Lillie (London: Sampson Low, 1881), 44n.


MEANWHILE THE CHAPPES MANAGED
: Gerard J. Holzmann and Björn Pehrson,
The Early History of Data Networks
(Washington, D.C.: IEEE Computer Society, 1995), 52 ff.


“THE DAY WILL COME”
:
“Lettre sur une nouveau télégraphe
,” quoted in Jacques Attali and Yves Stourdze, “The Birth of the Telephone and the Economic Crisis: The Slow Death of Monologue in French Society,” in Ithiel de Sola Poolin, ed.,
The Social Impact of the Telephone
(Cambridge, Mass.: MIT Press, 1977), 97.


“CITIZEN CHAPPE OFFERS AN INGENIOUS METHOD”
: Gerard J. Holzmann and Björn Pehrson,
The Early History of Data Networks
, 59.


ONE DEPUTY NAMED A PANTHEON
: Bertrand Barère de Vieuzac, 17 August 1794, quoted in ibid., 64.


CHAPPE ONCE CLAIMED
: Taliaferro P. Shaffner,
The Telegraph Manual: A Complete History and Description of the Semaphoric, Electric and Magnetic Telegraphs of Europe, Asia, Africa, and America, Ancient and Modern
(New York: Pudney & Russell, 1859), 42.


“THEY HAVE PROBABLY NEVER PERFORMED EXPERIMENTS”
: Gerard J. Holzmann and Björn Pehrson,
The Early History of Data Networks
, 81.


“IF YOU’LL ONLY JUST PROMISE”
: Charles Dibdin, “The Telegraph,” in
The Songs of Charles Dibdin, Chronologically Arranged
, vol. 2 (London: G. H. Davidson, 1863), 69.


“THESE STATIONS ARE NOW SILENT”
: Taliaferro P. Shaffner,
The Telegraph Manual
, 31.


“ANYTHING THAT COULD BE THE SUBJECT”
: Gerard J. Holzmann and Björn Pehrson,
The Early History of Data Networks
, 56.


“ANYONE PERFORMING UNAUTHORIZED TRANSMISSIONS”
: Ibid., 91.


“WHAT CAN ONE EXPECT”
: Ibid., 93.


“OTHER BODIES THAT CAN BE AS EASILY ATTRACTED”
: J. J. Fahie,
A History of Electric Telegraphy to the Year 1837
(London: E. & F. N. Spon, 1884), 90.


“THIS SECONDARY OBJECT, THE ALARUM”
: E. A. Marland,
Early Electrical Communication
(London: Abelard-Schuman, 1964), 37.


HARRISON GRAY DYER TRIED SENDING SIGNALS
: “An attempt made by Dyer to introduce his telegraph to general use encountered intense prejudice, and, becoming frightened at some of the manifestations of this feeling, he left the country.” Chauncey M. Depew,
One Hundred Years of American Commerce
(New York: D. O. Haynes, 1895), 126.


“IT MUST BE EVIDENT TO THE MOST COMMON OBSERVER”
: John Pickering,
Lecture on Telegraphic Language
(Boston: Hilliard, Gray, 1833), 11.


“TELEGRAPHY IS AN ELEMENT OF POWER AND ORDER”
: Quoted in Daniel R. Headrick,
When Information Came of Age: Technologies of Knowledge in the Age of Reason and Revolution, 1700–1850
(Oxford: Oxford University Press, 2000), 200.


“IF THERE ARE NOW ESSENTIAL ADVANTAGES”
: John Pickering,
Lecture on Telegraphic Language
, 26.


“A SINGLE LETTER MAY BE INDICATED”
: Davy manuscript, quoted in J. J. Fahie,
A History of Electric Telegraphy to the Year 1837
, 351.


“I WORKED OUT EVERY POSSIBLE PERMUTATION”
: William Fothergill Cooke,
The Electric Telegraph: Was it Invented By Professor Wheatstone
? (London: W. H.Smith & Son, 1857), 27.


“SUPPOSE THE MESSAGE TO BE SENT”
: Alfred Vail,
The American Electro Magnetic Telegraph: With the Reports of Congress, and a Description of All Telegraphs Known, Employing Electricity Or Galvanism
(Philadelphia: Lea & Blanchard, 1847), 178.


“THE WORDY BATTLES WAGED”
:
Samuel F. B. Morse: His Letters and Journals
, vol. 2 (Boston: Houghton Mifflin, 1914), 21.


“THE MAILS IN OUR COUNTRY ARE TOO SLOW”
: Recalled by R. W. Habersham,
Samuel F. B. Morse: His Letters and Journals
.


“IT WOULD NOT BE DIFFICULT”
: Alfred Vail,
The American Electro Magnetic Telegraph
, 70.


“SEND A MESSENGER TO MR HARRIS”
: Andrew Wynter, “The Electric Telegraph,” 128.


AT THE STROKE OF THE NEW YEAR
: Laurence Turnbull,
The Electro-Magnetic Telegraph, With an Historical Account of Its Rise, Progress, and Present Condition
(Philadelphia: A. Hart, 1853), 87.


“IN THE GARB OF A KWAKER”
: “The Trial of John Tawell for the Murder of Sarah Hart by Poison, at the Aylesbury Spring Assizes, before Mr. Baron Parks, on March 12th 1845,” in William Otter Woodall,
A Collection of Reports of Celebrated Trials
(London: Shaw & Sons, 1873).


“IN CONVEYING THE MOVES, THE ELECTRICITY TRAVELLED”
: John Timbs,
Stories of Inventors and Discoverers in Science and the Useful Arts
(London: Kent, 1860), 335.


“WHEN YOU CONSIDER THAT BUSINESS IS EXTREMELY DULL”
: Quoted in Tom Standage,
The Victorian Internet: The Remarkable Story of the Telegraph and the Nineteenth Century’s On-Line Pioneers
(New York: Berkley, 1998), 55.


ALEXANDER JONES SENT HIS FIRST STORY
: Alexander Jones,
Historical Sketch of the Electric Telegraph
, 121.


“THE FIRST INSTALMENT OF THE INTELLIGENCE”
: Charles Maybury Archer, ed.,
The London Anecdotes: The Electric Telegraph
, vol. 1 (London: David Bogue, 1848), 85.

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