The Last Empire (81 page)

    
CIA and,
8

    
coup d'état of August 1991 and,
104–105
,
106–108
,
112
,
113–115
,
123–124
,
128–129
,
235
,
236

    
covert operations and,
123–124

    
critics of,
60–61
,
64–65
,
260–261

    
with efforts to prevent Soviet Union's collapse,
xiv–xv
,
xx
,
xxi
,
10
,
73
,
206–209
,
381
,
404

    
George Bush Presidential Library and Museum,
xv
,
xxi
,
52

    
Gorbachev and,
9–10
,
14
,
17–18
,
20–27
,
47–50
,
63–65
,
67
,
73–76
,
78–79
,
92
,
106
,
128–129
,
194–199
,
209–211
,
231–233
,
236–238
,
267–271
,
323
,
334
,
335
,
336
,
342
,
372–374
,
378–383
,
390–391
,
404

    
Kravchuk, Leonid, and,
61–62
,
67
,
68
,
207–209
,
294

    
in Kyiv,
47–53
,
55
,
57–59
,
60–69
,
165–166

    
legacy,
407–408

    
memoirs,
207
,
391

    
at Middle East Peace Conference,
231–233
,
236–238

    
military service,
191–192

    
nuclear disarmament and,
209–211
,
236
,
371

    
with party line on Soviet Union's collapse,
xiii–xiv
,
76–77
,
328–329
,
379
,
380–381
,
389–390

    
reelection campaign and,
18

    
Scowcroft and,
65
,
74–75
,
76
,
145
,
199
,
236
,
391

    
with State of the Union Address,
388–390
,
407

    
Ukrainian referendum and,
275

    
Ukrainian sovereignty and,
259–262
,
263–270
,
292

    
Yeltsin, Boris, and,
10
,
14
,
26–27
,
42–46
,
104
,
106–108
,
113–114
,
123–124
,
125
,
145–146
,
198–199
,
212–213
,
225–226
,
229
,
295–296
,
313–314
,
323
,
335–336
,
370–371
,
378
,
382
,
404

Bush, George W.,
8

Bush, Jonathan,
266
,
285

Butter,
300

Button, nuclear,
371

    
See also
Nuclear briefcases

Byelorussia,
295
,
340

Canada,
296
,
393

    
citizens of Ukrainian descent in,
52
,
292

    
Kravchuk, Leonid, and,
258

Carter, Jimmy,
6
,
8
,
289

Carville, James,
260

Castro, Fidel,
6
,
21
,
203

Caucasus

    
demonstrations in,
34
,
39

    
Russo-Chechen conflict in,
242–243

    
Soviet military in North,
362

Ceauşescu, Nicolae,
84

Censorship, of news media,
98
,
116
,
137

Center-republic relations

    
Burbulis and,
249
,
397–398

    
disintegrating,
205–209
,
213–215
,
238–239
,
245
,
247
,
271
,
308–309
,
349–350

    
with economic reform,
206
,
207
,
215–230
,
238–239

    
Gorbachev, Yeltsin and,
202–204
,
207
,
211
,
233–234
,
241–243
,
246
,
247–250
,
368

    
with humanitarian aid,
206
,
207

    
Kravchuk, Leonid, and,
207
,
208–209
,
219

    
new union treaty and,
219
,
220–221
,
248–250
,
281

    
Russia and,
215
,
219
,
220
,
226
,
229–230
,
397–398
,
400

    
Shakhrai and,
249

    
Shaposhnikov and,
205
,
368

    
with state funds,
270–271

    
Union of Sovereign States and,
251

    
U.S. pleas for and against,
211

Central Asia,
177
,
182
,
224
,
281

Central Asian republics,
xv
,
xxi
,
182
,
295
,
296
,
299
,
310
,
394
,
402–403

    
Almaty summit and,
362–363
,
364

    
CIS and,
322
,
344–365

    
confederation of,
352–353

    
See also
Kazakhstan
;
Kyrgyzstan
;
Tajikstan
;
Turkmenistan
;
Uzbekistan

Central Intelligence Agency (CIA),
xvi
,
92
,
101

    
Bush, George H. W., and,
8

    
on coup d'état of August 1991,
105
,
106

    
under Gates,
265–266

    
on Soviet Union and possible scenarios,
50
,
75

Chamberlain, Neville,
3

Charles V (King),
231

Chechevatov, Viktor,
291

Chechnia

    
with airline hijacking,
245

    
coup d'état in,
244

    
Gorbachev and,
246–248

    
population,
244

    
sovereignty and,
242–243
,
245

    
Yeltsin, Boris, and,
242–248

Cheese,
300

Chekhov, Anton,
5

Cheney, Richard “Dick,”
199
,
200–201
,
209
,
407

    
against center support,
211

    
Ukrainian sovereignty and,
262
,
263
,
267

Chernenko, Konstantin,
9
,
92

Cherniaev, Anatolii,
23
,
58
,
85–86
,
127
,
234

    
Almaty summit and,
364–365

    
on Baker,
270

    
Belavezha Agreement and,
323
,
327

    
on Chechnia,
247
,
248

    
CIS and,
358

    
with dissolution of Soviet Union,
315
,
320

    
economic reform and,
223–224
,
241

    
on Gorbachev,
39–40
,
41
,
128
,
129
,
210–211
,
221
,
243
,
247
,
248
,
250
,
268
,
269
,
327
,
342
,
372
,
373
,
374–375
,
376
,
377–378
,
384
,
385

    
at Middle East Peace Conference,
238
,
240–241

    
on new union treaty,
250
,
272
,
397

    
on nuclear disarmament,
210

    
on Soviet Union's collapse,
393

    
on state funds,
271

    
Ukrainian sovereignty and,
268
,
269–270
,
274
,
294

    
on Yeltsin,
213
,
225
,
241
,
243
,
247
,
248
,
258
,
384
,
385

Chernobyl nuclear catastrophe,
54–55
,
62
,
300–301

Chervona Ruta (Red Rue) song festival,
159

China,
22

Chornovil, Viacheslav,
60
,
159–160
,
170

    
campaign promises,
282

    
Ukrainian referendum and,
276
,
278–279
,
280
,
282
,
293

Churchill, Winston,
3
,
80
,
101
,
233
,
391

CIA.
See
Central Intelligence Agency

CIS.
See
Commonwealth of Independent States

Clemens, Roger,
74

Clinton, Bill,
260–261
,
333

CNN,
372
,
374
,
377

Coal,
398

Coat of arms, Russia,
358

Cold War,
192
,
232
,
381
,
389–390
,
391–392
,
408

Collapse.
See
Soviet Union, collapse of

Collectivization,
351

Collins, Jim,
76
,
104
,
122
,
123
,
125

Commerce,
208

Committee for State Security.
See
KGB

Commonwealth Defense Council,
312

Commonwealth of Independent States (CIS)

    
Almaty summit and,
83
,
344
,
356–357
,
359–365
,
371

    
Baker and,
322
,
327–333
,
335
,
336–343
,
345–349
,
351
,
359
,
364

    
Belavezha Agreement and,
xx–xxi
,
297–310
,
312–316
,
319–343
,
348
,
359
,
397
,
400

    
Central Asian republics and,
322
,
344–365