The Lie Detectors (39 page)

364
"I miss the grand":
BPP/10: L.K. to A.V., 8/1/30.

365
"He certainly has a gift":
KAP: K.A. to Clare Applegate, 5/1/32.

366
"Nard is down":
LKP/2: K.A. to C.K., 10/21/30.

367
"how bride and groom":
LKP-DoD: L.K.,"Calendar," 1931.

368
"man in a hotel":
KAP: K.A. to Clare Applegate, 7/30/32.

369
"Can you tell":
K.A.,"Tattle-Tale Tallies," 324.

370
"Mrs. Keeler, [a] tall": Chicago Herald and Examiner,
10/29/30.

371
"to a nauseatingly":
KAP: K.A. to Clare Applegate, 11/9/32.

372
"H
OW
S
CIENCE
W
ARS
": New Orleans Times-Picayune,
7/24/38.

373
"I’d look at some": Chicago Herald and Examiner,
10/5/39. See also Harrison T. Carter, "Kentucky’s Hill-Billy Mail Order Swindle,"
Inside Detective
(7/39): 14–19, 59–60.

374
"[t]he ballot":
LKP-DoD: L.K. to Lorenzo Buckley, 9/25/34. See also Landesco,"Organized Crime," in
Illinois Crime Survey,
1017–1021.

375
In 1934, in one recount in Cook County:
K.A., "Tattle-Tale Tallies." See also Harold F. Gosnell,
Machine Politics: The Chicago Model
(Chicago, Ill.: University of Chicago Press, 1937), 87;
People ex rel. John S. Rusch v. Louis Greenzeit,
277 Ill. App. 479 (1934); K.A.,"Election Dispute.".

376
By 1940: NYT,
11/10/40.

377
"the extent that modern": Benton Evening News,
3/23/36.

378
Keeler tallied:
LKP/3: L.K. to C.K., Labor Day, 1935.

379
"You can go out":
ISA/36-3000:
People v. John Mitchell McDonald
(3/16/36–3/21/36), 100. All quotations are from the trial. See also LKP/s2: "Lie Detector Traps Bombers,"
Chicago American,
[1936].

380
"Oh, Pete Benetti":
ISA/36-3000: Marion Hart, quoted in
People v. John Mitchell McDonald
(3/16/36–3/21/36), 862.

381
"reign of terror": Benton Evening News,
3/23/36; see also 3/20/36, 3/21/36.

382
"corroborative evidence":
L.K. quoting judge in AVP/17: L.K. to A.V., 2/12/35. See also County of Green Lake Circuit Court:
State of Wisconsin v. Tony Grignano and Cecil Loniello,
2/1/35–2/8/35, 405–457; AVP/17: L.K. to A.V., 9/19/32; and
Portage Daily Register,
2/2/35–2/9/35.

383
"It means that the findings": New York Post,
2/26/35.

384
"aura of near infallibility": U.S. v. Alexander,
526 F.2d 161 (8th Cir. 1975).

385
Keeler looked forward:
LKP: L.K., "Talk to Sigma [Xi], Mayo Clinic, Rochester, Minn., 1/18/34; L.K., "The Jury System Should Be Abolished," [1930].

386
"incompetent":
Fred E. Inbau, "Case against the Polygraph,"
American Bar Association Journal
51 (1965): 857.

387
"I would like": WP,
12/12/35.

388
"All scientists":
CKP/17: L.K. to C.K., 1/27/36.

389
"as deeply as a son":
CKP/3: C.K. to L.K., 1/29/36.

390
"which I should have controlled"
to
"I wanted publicity":
LKP/3: L.K. to C.K., 2/14/36.

391
"doubts and suspicions":
LKP/3: C.K. to L.K., 2/20/36.

392
"might"
to
"the mute lines of doom": CT,
3/2/37. See also
Forverts,
3/3/37. ISA/Pardon and Parole Board: "Rappaport," 10/22/36–2/25/37.

393
Larson wrote:
J.L.,
CDN,
3/5/37. See also JLP/8: Verne Lyon to J.L., 3/4/37.

394
"I can’t afford":
Thomas B. Littlewood,
Horner of Illinois
(Evanston, Ill.: Northwestern University Press, 1969), 146–147.

395
"Whatever happens":
LKP/3: L.K. to C.K., 3/5/33.

396
"My sympathetic nervous system":
AVP/17: L.K. to A.V., 2/26/37. See also FGP/18: Dr. O. H. Horrall to Leon Green, 4/2/37.

397
"I’ve been trying":
LKP/3: C.K. to L.K., 2/24/35.

398
"his nervous system":
KAP: K.A. to Clare Applegate, 8/2/37.

399
"I suppose it sounds":
AVP/3: L.K. to A.V., 9/17/37.

400
one nonnegotiable condition:
FIP: Fred Inbau to Charles Wilson, 6/9/38;FGP/17: Leon Green to Walter Dill Scott, 6/14/38; author interview with Fred Inbau, 9/5/96.

401
"until Mr. Keeler":
K.A. quoted in FGP/17: Fred Inbau to Leon Green, 7/18/38.

402
"As long as I":
KAP: K.A. to Arthur Applegate, [10/38].

403
"It was well said":
Edgar Allan Poe, "The Man of the Crowd,"
The Complete Tales
(New York: Modern Library, [1850], 1938), 475.

404
"Something in his personality":
JLP-JH: Margaret Larson to Adolf Meyer, "Private Note," 6/23/29.

405
"Has the ‘Lie Detector’ Failed?":
Charles D. Delacy, [J.L.], "Has the ‘Lie Detector’ Failed?"
Police 13-13
(1/34): 5–6, 13.

406
"does not apply":
Keeler, quoted in
Kansas City Daily Star,
5/28/33.

407
"Lady": CT,
4/21/34.

408
"pseudo-epilepsy": CT,
4/27/34.

409
"His answers all": CT,
4/24/34. See CCCA/32514: "Summary of
People v. Allen R. Hammel alias Burt Armstrong,
" 6/13/34, 6/14/34, 6/15/34.

410
"believes what he": Chicago Herald,
4/24/34.

411
"true as truth":
JLP/2: Hammel case file, 2/17/35.

412
"neurotic and overactive":
JLP/2: J.L.,"In Larson’s book," n.d.

413
So Leopold published:
William F. Lanne [Nathan Leopold], "Parole Prediction and a Science,"
JCLC
26 (1935): 377–400. Lloyd E. Ohlin and Richard A. Lawrence [Nathan Leopold], "A Comparison of Alternative Methods of Parole Prediction,"
American Sociological Review
17 (1952): 268–274. See also UCA/Burgess/12: Nathan Leopold to E. Burgess, 2/8/34, 3/21/52.

414
"precocious, egocentric":
JLP-BG: J.L. and Alan Canty, "With Special Reference to Tattoo Symbolization," [1940s].

415
By the late 1930s:
JLP-BG: J.L. to Bernard Diamond, 11/26/38. See also J.L., "Parole Prediction,"
Police 13-13
(12/31): 10–13, 24–25.

416
"no significant disturbances":
JLP/2: J.L.,"Faked Holdup," n.d.

417
"narrow minded":
J.L. in
CT,
1/30/36.

418
"Jesus God":
J.L. quoting Day in
CDN,
1/29/36.

419
"abnormal proposals": CDN,
1/29/36.

420
"to reward": CDN,
1/30/36.

421
"Can we forget":
Bundesen, quoted in Littlewood,
Horner,
180. See J.L., in
CT,
2/15/36.

422
"Poor old John":
AVP/17: L.K. to A.V., 3/25/36.

423
"false claims":
JLP/8: Claude Broom [on behalf of J.L.] to J. Edgar Hoover, [1936].

424
"same as used":
J.L. quoted in JLP/8: W.M. to J.L., 6/30/36.

425
"You have a strange":
FBI: Verne Lyons to J.L., 5/6/41.

426
"You didn’t think":
JLP-BG: J.L. to John Favill, 5/17/38.

427
"revealed disturbances":
JLP/8: J.L.,"Sketches: Torso Case, Cleveland," [1938].

428
"The crime":
JLP-BG: J.L and A. Canty,"[M.O.]," c. 1940.

429
"feebleminded, alcoholic":
JLP-BG: J.L. and Alan Canty,"With Special Reference to Tattoo Symbolization," [1940s].

430
"psychopathology, schizophrenia":
JLP/6: J.L.,"Dactyloscopy, Dermatoglyphics, and Psychobiology," talk presented at Ortho-Psychiatric Annual Meeting, 1937. See also
LAT,
9/28/30.

431
"magpie den":
JLP/8: A.V. to J.L., 1/21/24.

432
"no one has invented":
J.L. et al., "The ‘Lie Detector,’ Oversold and Rashly Operated,"
Police Journal
25 (11/9/39): 13.

433
"a method in this apparent":
JLP-JH: J.L. to Adolf Meyer, 5/1/47.

434
"Janet Henry laughed":
Hammett,
Glass Key,
179.

435
"a scientific aid":
UCA/Burgess/193: Burgess, ["Review of O. Scott’s Volume on the Lie Detector"], [1930s].

436
Even in Canada: Toronto Star,
3/16/35.

437
"violation of the conscience":
F. E. Louwage, "A Belgian Police Official’s Impressions of His Travels in the U.S.A.,"
JCLC
42 (1951–1952): 237–239. And see "Scientific Detection of Lies,"
International Criminal Police Review
6 (August–September 1951): 230–233.

438
"Interior language":
André Maurois,
The Thought-Reading Machine,
trans. James Whitall (New York: Harper, 1938), 216–217.

439
"How would you": CT,
10/19/24. See also
LAT,
2/18/23.

440
"For if all men":
Molière,
Misanthrope,
V:i: "Et si de probité tout était revêtu, / Si tous les coeurs étaient francs, justes, et dociles, / La plupart des vertus nous seraient inutiles." Author’s translation.

441
"prostituting the field":
LKP/2: L.K. and Alex Gregory, "Agreement," 6/3/44.

442
"100 percent accuracy": WP,
9/26/38.

443
"go ahead and sell":
LKP/2: L.K. notes on Inman to L.K., 8/13/48.

444
"Multiple choice":
LKP-DoD: [Keeler, Inc.],"Final Examination," n.d.

445
"No. 26: Discover":
Baltasar Gracián y Morales,
A Truthtelling Manual and the Art of Worldly Wisdom,
ed. Martin Fischer (Springfield, Ill.: Thomas, [1653], 1945), 36.

446
Keeler’s success was:
J. P. McEvoy, "I Cannot Tell a Lie,"
Forbes
(1941); reprinted as "The Lie Detector Goes into Business,"
Reader’s Digest
. (2/41): 69–72.

447
"the third degree":
William Scott Stewart, "How to Beat the Lie Detector,"
Esquire
(11/41): 35, 158, 160.

448
"women’s clubs":
McEvoy,"I Cannot Tell a Lie.".

449
"integrity, intentions":
CCCA/35943: Scott, "Summer Bulleton [
sic
]," n.d.

450
"Little Brainwave":
CCCA/35943: Scott, "Ef You Don’t Watch Out!" Christmas card, 1941.

451
"Personal note to self":
LKP/1: L.K.,"Be Friendly," n.d.

452
"The Girl on the Case": Chicago Herald and Examiner,
10/3/39–10/13/39.