The Lost King of France: A True Story of Revolution, Revenge, and DNA (39 page)
Read The Lost King of France: A True Story of Revolution, Revenge, and DNA Online
Authors: Deborah Cadbury
BOOK: The Lost King of France: A True Story of Revolution, Revenge, and DNA
8.5Mb size Format: txt, pdf, ePub
Chapter Ten: The Royal Charade
A report on the exhumations at Sainte-Marguerite can be found Francq and also in the journal
La Ville de Paris,
August 27 and 28, 1884, Nos. 1364 and 1365. The more recent investigations at the site have been described by the late Michel Fleury:
Rapport par M Fleury sur les résultats du sondage effectué au cimetière Sainte-Marguerite …
Procès-verbal de la Commission du Vieux, Paris, séance du 10.12.79; and also
Le Cimetière Sainte Marguerite: Osteo-Archealogie des Dernières Fouiller (Septembre 1979)
Proces-Verbal séance du 3.11.80.
La Ville de Paris,
August 27 and 28, 1884, Nos. 1364 and 1365. The more recent investigations at the site have been described by the late Michel Fleury:
Rapport par M Fleury sur les résultats du sondage effectué au cimetière Sainte-Marguerite …
Procès-verbal de la Commission du Vieux, Paris, séance du 10.12.79; and also
Le Cimetière Sainte Marguerite: Osteo-Archealogie des Dernières Fouiller (Septembre 1979)
Proces-Verbal séance du 3.11.80.
An introduction to early developments in forensic science: Beaven, Colin. Fingerprints:
Murder and the Race to Uncover the Science of Identity
(Fourth Estate, 2002). Castelot’s research into the validity of Naundorff’s claims is set out in: Castelot, A.
Louis XVII, L’Enigme Résolue.
(Brussels: Chabassol, 1947), and Castelot, A.
Louis XVII
(Paris: Perrin, 1968). See also, Le Conte, R.
Louis XVII et les Faux Dauphins
(Paris: P.U.F., 1924). Further information on Charlotte, Lady Atkyns can be found in: Barbey, F.
A Friend of Marie-Atttoinette (Lady Atkyns)
(London: Chapman Hall, 1906).
Murder and the Race to Uncover the Science of Identity
(Fourth Estate, 2002). Castelot’s research into the validity of Naundorff’s claims is set out in: Castelot, A.
Louis XVII, L’Enigme Résolue.
(Brussels: Chabassol, 1947), and Castelot, A.
Louis XVII
(Paris: Perrin, 1968). See also, Le Conte, R.
Louis XVII et les Faux Dauphins
(Paris: P.U.F., 1924). Further information on Charlotte, Lady Atkyns can be found in: Barbey, F.
A Friend of Marie-Atttoinette (Lady Atkyns)
(London: Chapman Hall, 1906).
The changing attitudes to the various French pretenders in postwar France is reported in many newspapers of the time: The
Times,
“French Royalist Manifesto” (11/23/37); The
Times,
“Proposed Repeal of Exiles.” (6/23/49);
Manchester Guardian,
“French Pretender back in France” (5/18/50);
Daily Telegraph,
“Royalist France” (3/1/55);
Daily, Telegraph,
“Is de Gaulle a Royalist?” (7/3/57);
Daily Telegraph,
“Royalism in France” (3/10/55); The
Times,
“Deep-seated loyalties of the Vendée,” (11/10/58);
Sunday Telegraph,
“Prominent Pretender,” (11/11/62);
The Guardian,
“De Gaulle ‘sees count as his heir’” (1/21/69).
Times,
“French Royalist Manifesto” (11/23/37); The
Times,
“Proposed Repeal of Exiles.” (6/23/49);
Manchester Guardian,
“French Pretender back in France” (5/18/50);
Daily Telegraph,
“Royalist France” (3/1/55);
Daily, Telegraph,
“Is de Gaulle a Royalist?” (7/3/57);
Daily Telegraph,
“Royalism in France” (3/10/55); The
Times,
“Deep-seated loyalties of the Vendée,” (11/10/58);
Sunday Telegraph,
“Prominent Pretender,” (11/11/62);
The Guardian,
“De Gaulle ‘sees count as his heir’” (1/21/69).
For the developments in the Naundorff family’s legal case during the 1950s see contemporary press reports: The
Times,
“Temple Prison Report Recalled” (5/13/54); The
Times, “
Naundorff’s life history” (5/20/54); The
Times,
“Inconsistencies in the Naundorff Claim” (5/21/54);
Daily Telegraph,
“Bourbon Claimant,” (5/24/54);
Manchester Guardian,
“Circus Manager who wants to be King” (5/6/54); The
Times,
“A Dauphin who knew no French”
(5/26/54);
Manchester Guardian,
“Bourbon claimant Fails” (7/2/54); N. Y.
Herald Tribune,
“Court Rules Dauphin Died in Prison in 1795” (7/2/54).
Times,
“Temple Prison Report Recalled” (5/13/54); The
Times, “
Naundorff’s life history” (5/20/54); The
Times,
“Inconsistencies in the Naundorff Claim” (5/21/54);
Daily Telegraph,
“Bourbon Claimant,” (5/24/54);
Manchester Guardian,
“Circus Manager who wants to be King” (5/6/54); The
Times,
“A Dauphin who knew no French”
(5/26/54);
Manchester Guardian,
“Bourbon claimant Fails” (7/2/54); N. Y.
Herald Tribune,
“Court Rules Dauphin Died in Prison in 1795” (7/2/54).
A full account of events as the heart of the orphan of the Temple was given to the Spanish Bourbons, including relevant correspondence, is in:
Louis XVII Fin de L’Odyssée d’un Coeur Royal
Supplement to
Littoral de La Somme
(11/16/1895).
Louis XVII Fin de L’Odyssée d’un Coeur Royal
Supplement to
Littoral de La Somme
(11/16/1895).
Chapter Eleven: Resolution
I am indebted to Professor Jean-Jacques Cassiman, Dr. Hans Petrie and Sir Alec Jeffreys for fascinating interviews explaining the scientific background and the genetics history. Their research is published in the following scientific papers:
For testing on the heart of the orphan of the Temple: F. Jehaes, H. Pfeiffer, K. Toprak, R. Decorte, B. Brinkmann, and J. J. Cassiman: “Mitochondrial DNA analysis of the putative heart of Louis XVII, son of Louis XVI and Marie Antoinette,”
European Journal of Human Genetics:
9 (2001): 185-190.
European Journal of Human Genetics:
9 (2001): 185-190.
For the earlier testing on Naundorff: E. Jehaes, R. Decorte, A. Peneau, H. J. Petrie, P. Boiry, A. Gilissen, J. B. Moisan, H. Van den Berghe, O. Pascal, and J.J. Cassiman: “Mitochondrial DNA analysis on remains of a putative son of Louis XVI and Marie Antoinette”
European Journal of Human Genetics
6 (1998): 383-395. For a very different perspective on this science from Naundorff’s descendents see their website at:
www.louis-xvii.com
European Journal of Human Genetics
6 (1998): 383-395. For a very different perspective on this science from Naundorff’s descendents see their website at:
www.louis-xvii.com
Jeffreys’s breakthrough on genetic fingerprinting is described in: E. Hagelberg, I. C. Gray, and A. J Jeffreys. “Identification of the skeletal remains of a murder victim by DNA analysis,”
Nature
352 (1991): 427-429. For details of the groundbreaking Mengele case see: A. J.Jeffreys, M.J. Allen, E. Hagelberg, and A. Sonnberg: “Identification of the skeletal remains of Josef Mengele by DNA analysis,”
Forensic Science International
56 (1992): 65-76.
Nature
352 (1991): 427-429. For details of the groundbreaking Mengele case see: A. J.Jeffreys, M.J. Allen, E. Hagelberg, and A. Sonnberg: “Identification of the skeletal remains of Josef Mengele by DNA analysis,”
Forensic Science International
56 (1992): 65-76.
The scientific testing on the czar and his family is set out in: P. Gill, P. L. Ivanov, C. Kimpton, R. Piercy, N. Benson, G. Tully, I. Evett, E. Hagelberg, and K. Sullivan “Identification of the Remains of the Romanov family by DNA analysis,”
Nature Genetics
6 (1994: 130-135.
Nature Genetics
6 (1994: 130-135.
For contemporary press reports of the genetic testing see: The
New York Times,
“A Genetic Denouement to the Tale of Prince’s Death” (4/20/00);
Washington Post,
“Tell-tale Heart Finds Its Place in History” (4/20/00);
The Guardian
, “DNA tests get to the heart of a 200 year old mystery” (4/20/00);
Irish Times,
“Boy’s heart survives centuries to solve royal mystery” (4/26/00);
Associated Press
, “Case closed: Last Bourbon heir died in 1795” and “Long Dead Boy Identified as Louis XVII” (4/20/00).
New York Times,
“A Genetic Denouement to the Tale of Prince’s Death” (4/20/00);
Washington Post,
“Tell-tale Heart Finds Its Place in History” (4/20/00);
The Guardian
, “DNA tests get to the heart of a 200 year old mystery” (4/20/00);
Irish Times,
“Boy’s heart survives centuries to solve royal mystery” (4/26/00);
Associated Press
, “Case closed: Last Bourbon heir died in 1795” and “Long Dead Boy Identified as Louis XVII” (4/20/00).
Allen, R.
Threshold of Terror: The Last Hours of the Monarchy in the French Revolution
. Sutton. Stroud, Glos, 1999.
Threshold of Terror: The Last Hours of the Monarchy in the French Revolution
. Sutton. Stroud, Glos, 1999.
Arneth, A., and Geffroy, M.A., eds.
Correspondance Secrète entre Marie-Thérèse et le Comte de Mercy-Argenteau avec les lettres de Marie-Thérèse et de Marie-Antoinette.
3 vols. Paris, 1874.
Correspondance Secrète entre Marie-Thérèse et le Comte de Mercy-Argenteau avec les lettres de Marie-Thérèse et de Marie-Antoinette.
3 vols. Paris, 1874.
Barbey, F. A
Friend of Marie-Antoinette (Lady Atkyns).
London: Chapman Hall, 1906.
Friend of Marie-Antoinette (Lady Atkyns).
London: Chapman Hall, 1906.
Bazan E. P.
The Mystery of the Lost Dauphin,
trans. A.H. Seeger. New York: Funk and Wagnalls, 1906.
The Mystery of the Lost Dauphin,
trans. A.H. Seeger. New York: Funk and Wagnalls, 1906.
Beauchesne, Alcide de.
Louis XVII. His Life, His Suffering
,
His Death,
trans. W. Hazlitt. 2 vols. London: Harper and Bros., 1853.
Louis XVII. His Life, His Suffering
,
His Death,
trans. W. Hazlitt. 2 vols. London: Harper and Bros., 1853.
Beaven, C.
Fingerprints: Murder and the Race to Uncover the Science of Identity.
Fourth Estate, 2002.
Fingerprints: Murder and the Race to Uncover the Science of Identity.
Fourth Estate, 2002.
Bernier, O.
Imperial Mother, Royal Daughter: The correrpondence of Marie-Anfoinette and Maria Theresa.
London: Sidgwick & Jackson, 1986.
Imperial Mother, Royal Daughter: The correrpondence of Marie-Anfoinette and Maria Theresa.
London: Sidgwick & Jackson, 1986.
Bosher, J. F.
French Government Finance 1770—1795.
Cambridge: Cambridge University Press, 1970.
French Government Finance 1770—1795.
Cambridge: Cambridge University Press, 1970.
Buckley, E.R.
Monsieur Charles. The Tragedy of the True Dauphin, Louis XVII of France.
London: Witherby, 1927.
Monsieur Charles. The Tragedy of the True Dauphin, Louis XVII of France.
London: Witherby, 1927.
Campan, Madame.
Memoirs of the Private Life of Marie-Antoinette, Queen of France and Navarre.
2 vols. 1824.
Memoirs of the Private Life of Marie-Antoinette, Queen of France and Navarre.
2 vols. 1824.
Carlyle, T.
The French Revolution: A History.
1889. Rev. ed. Fielding & Sorensen, Oxford University Press, 1989.
The French Revolution: A History.
1889. Rev. ed. Fielding & Sorensen, Oxford University Press, 1989.
Castelot, A.
Louis XVII, L’Enigme Resolue.
Brussels: Chabassol, 1947.
Louis XVII, L’Enigme Resolue.
Brussels: Chabassol, 1947.
Castelot, A.
Louis XVII.
Paris: Perrin, 1968.
Louis XVII.
Paris: Perrin, 1968.
Chateaubriand, Vicomte René de.
Mémoires d’Outre-Tombe.
Paris, 1949.
Mémoires d’Outre-Tombe.
Paris, 1949.
Cléry, J.
Journal de ce qui s’est passé à la Tour du Temple pendant la captivité de Louis XVI, roi de France, par M. Cléry, valet de chambre du roi et autres mémoires sur le Temple.
C. Bertin, Paris, 1861.
Journal de ce qui s’est passé à la Tour du Temple pendant la captivité de Louis XVI, roi de France, par M. Cléry, valet de chambre du roi et autres mémoires sur le Temple.
C. Bertin, Paris, 1861.
Cobb, R.
The French and Their Revolution
, ed. D. Gilmour. London: John Murray, 1998.
The French and Their Revolution
, ed. D. Gilmour. London: John Murray, 1998.
Cobban, A.
A History of Modern France
. London: Harmandsworth Penguin, 1961.
A History of Modern France
. London: Harmandsworth Penguin, 1961.
Creissels, L.,
Louis XVII et les Faux Dauphins.
Paris, Albin Michel, 1936.
Louis XVII et les Faux Dauphins.
Paris, Albin Michel, 1936.
Cronin, V.
Louis and Antoinette.
London: Collins, 1974.
Louis and Antoinette.
London: Collins, 1974.
Debriffe, M.
Madame Elisabeth: La Princesse Martyre.
Paris: Le Semaphore, 1977.
Madame Elisabeth: La Princesse Martyre.
Paris: Le Semaphore, 1977.
Decaux, A.
Louis XVII retrouvé. Naundorff roi de France.
Paris: L’Elan, 1947.
Louis XVII retrouvé. Naundorff roi de France.
Paris: L’Elan, 1947.
Delorme, P.
L’affaire Louis XVII.
Paris: Tallandier, 1995.
L’affaire Louis XVII.
Paris: Tallandier, 1995.
Delorme, P.
Louis XVII, La Verité: Sa mort au Temple confirmée par la science.
Paris: Paris Pygmalion, G. Watelet, 2000. See also Delorme’s website:
www.chez.com/louis17
.
Louis XVII, La Verité: Sa mort au Temple confirmée par la science.
Paris: Paris Pygmalion, G. Watelet, 2000. See also Delorme’s website:
www.chez.com/louis17
.
Dunlop, I.
Marie-Antoinette. A Portrait
. London: Sinclair-Stevenson, 1993.
Marie-Antoinette. A Portrait
. London: Sinclair-Stevenson, 1993.
Dunlop, I.
Royal Palaces of France.
London: Hamish Hamilton, 1985.
Royal Palaces of France.
London: Hamish Hamilton, 1985.
Eckard, J.
The King Who Never Reigned: Being Memoirs upon Louis XVII.
London: Eveleigh Nash, 1908.
The King Who Never Reigned: Being Memoirs upon Louis XVII.
London: Eveleigh Nash, 1908.
Edgeworth de Firmont, Abbé.
Mémoires.
Paris, 1816.
Mémoires.
Paris, 1816.
Evans, E. E.
The Story of Louis XVII of France.
London; Swan & Sonnenschein, 1893.
The Story of Louis XVII of France.
London; Swan & Sonnenschein, 1893.
Farr, E.
The Untold Love Story, Marie Antoinette and Count Fersen,
London: Allison & Busby, 1997.
The Untold Love Story, Marie Antoinette and Count Fersen,
London: Allison & Busby, 1997.
Fersen, Count.
Le Comte de Fersen et la cour de France,
ed. Paris: R. M. De Klinckowstrom, 1877—78.
Le Comte de Fersen et la cour de France,
ed. Paris: R. M. De Klinckowstrom, 1877—78.
Fleischmann, H.
Les Pamphlets Libertins Contre Marie-Antoinette.
Paris, 1908.
Les Pamphlets Libertins Contre Marie-Antoinette.
Paris, 1908.
Fleury, M.
Rapport par M Fleury sur les résultats du sondage effectué au cimetierè Sainte-Marguerite.
Procès-verbal de la Commission du Vieux Paris, séance du 10.12.79.
Rapport par M Fleury sur les résultats du sondage effectué au cimetierè Sainte-Marguerite.
Procès-verbal de la Commission du Vieux Paris, séance du 10.12.79.
Fleury, M.
Cimetière Sainte Marguerite. Osteo-Archéologie des Dernières Fouilles {Septembre 1979}.
Procès-Verbal séance du 3.11.80.
Cimetière Sainte Marguerite. Osteo-Archéologie des Dernières Fouilles {Septembre 1979}.
Procès-Verbal séance du 3.11.80.
Francq, H.G.
Louis XVII, The Unsolved Mystery.
Leiden: E.J. Brill, 1970.
Louis XVII, The Unsolved Mystery.
Leiden: E.J. Brill, 1970.
Fraser, A.
Marie Antoinette.
London: Weidenfeld and Nicolson, 2001. 1.
Marie Antoinette.
London: Weidenfeld and Nicolson, 2001. 1.
Furneaux, R.
Last Days of Marie Antoinette and Louis XV.
London: Allen and Unwin, 1968.
Last Days of Marie Antoinette and Louis XV.
London: Allen and Unwin, 1968.
Gill, P., P. L. Ivanov, C. Kimpton, Piercy R., Benson N., Tully G., Evett I., Hagelberg E., and Sullivan K. “Identification of the Remains of the Romanov family by DNA analysis,”
Nature Genetics
6 (1994): 130-135.
Nature Genetics
6 (1994): 130-135.
Hagelberg, E., I. C., Gray, and A. J. Jeffreys. “Identification of the skeletal remains of a murder victim by DNA analysis,”
Nature
352 (1991): 427-429.
Nature
352 (1991): 427-429.
Hardman, J.
Louis XVI
. New Haven & London: Yale Univ. Press, 1993.
Louis XVI
. New Haven & London: Yale Univ. Press, 1993.
Hardman, J.
Robespierre.
Edinburgh: Pearson, 1999.
Robespierre.
Edinburgh: Pearson, 1999.
Hüe, F.
The Last Years of the Reign and Life of Louis XVI
, trans. R. C. Dallas. 1806.
The Last Years of the Reign and Life of Louis XVI
, trans. R. C. Dallas. 1806.
Jeffreys, A. J., M.J. Allen, E. Hagelberg, and A. Sonnberg. “Identification of the skeletal remains of Josef Mengele by DNA analysis,”
Forensic Science International
56 (1992): 65-76.
Forensic Science International
56 (1992): 65-76.
Jehaes, E., H. Pfeiffer, K. Toprak, R. Decorte, B. Brinkmann, and J.J. Cassiman, “Mitochondrial DNA analysis of the putative heart of Louis XVII, son of Louis XVI and Marie Antoinette,”
European Journal of Human Genetics
9 (2001), 185—190.
European Journal of Human Genetics
9 (2001), 185—190.
Jehaes, E., R. Decorte, A. Peneau, H.J. Petrie, P. Boiry, A. Gilissen, J. P. Moisan, H. Van den Berghe, O. Pascal, and J. J. Cassiman, “Mitochondrial DNA analysis on remains of a putative son of Louis XVI and Marie Antoinette,”
European Journal of Human Genetics
6 (1998): 383-395.
European Journal of Human Genetics
6 (1998): 383-395.
Lafont d’Aussonne, G.
Mémoires sur les Malheurs de la Reine de France.
1824.
Mémoires sur les Malheurs de la Reine de France.
1824.
Le Conte, R.
Louis XVII et les Faux Dauphins.
Paris, Presses Universitaires de France, 1924.
Louis XVII et les Faux Dauphins.
Paris, Presses Universitaires de France, 1924.
Lenôtre, G.
The Dauphin, Louis XVII. The Riddle of the Temple,
trans. F. Lees. London: Heinemann, 1922.
The Dauphin, Louis XVII. The Riddle of the Temple,
trans. F. Lees. London: Heinemann, 1922.
Lenôtre, G.
La Captivité et la Mort de Marie-Antoinette.
Paris, 1902.
La Captivité et la Mort de Marie-Antoinette.
Paris, 1902.
Lever, E.
Marie-Antoinette: The Last Queen of France
, trans. C. Temerson. New York: Farrar, Straus & Giroux, 2000.
Marie-Antoinette: The Last Queen of France
, trans. C. Temerson. New York: Farrar, Straus & Giroux, 2000.
Loomis, S.
The Fatal Friendship: Marie Antoinette, Count Fersen and the Flight to Varennes
. New York, 1972.
The Fatal Friendship: Marie Antoinette, Count Fersen and the Flight to Varennes
. New York, 1972.
Madol, R. H.
The Shadow King. The Life of Louis XVII of France and the Fortunes of the Naundorff-Bourbon Family
. London: Allen and Unwin, 1930.
The Shadow King. The Life of Louis XVII of France and the Fortunes of the Naundorff-Bourbon Family
. London: Allen and Unwin, 1930.
Mansel, P.
Louis XVIII.
Stroud: Sutton Publishing, 1999.
Louis XVIII.
Stroud: Sutton Publishing, 1999.
Manteyer, G. P.
Les Faux Louis XVII. Le roman de Naundorff et la vie de C. Werg.
Paris: Librarie Universelle Gamber, 1926.
Les Faux Louis XVII. Le roman de Naundorff et la vie de C. Werg.
Paris: Librarie Universelle Gamber, 1926.
Marie-Thérèse.
Mémoire écrit par Marie-Thérèse-Charlotte de France sur la captivitée des princes et princesses, ses parents, depuis le 10 août 1792 jusqu’à la mort de son frère arrivée le 9 juin 1795; & Journal de Marie-Thérèse de France, Duchesse d’Angoulême, 5 Octobre 1789-2 Septembre 1792
, introduced by Baron Imbert de, Saint-Amand, 1893.
Mémoire écrit par Marie-Thérèse-Charlotte de France sur la captivitée des princes et princesses, ses parents, depuis le 10 août 1792 jusqu’à la mort de son frère arrivée le 9 juin 1795; & Journal de Marie-Thérèse de France, Duchesse d’Angoulême, 5 Octobre 1789-2 Septembre 1792
, introduced by Baron Imbert de, Saint-Amand, 1893.
Mason, L., and T. Rizzo.
The French Revolution, A Document Collection.
New York, Houghton Mifflin Co.1999.
The French Revolution, A Document Collection.
New York, Houghton Mifflin Co.1999.
Minnigerade, M.
The Son of Marie Antoinette and the Mystery of the Temple Tower.
London: Jarrolds, 1935.
The Son of Marie Antoinette and the Mystery of the Temple Tower.
London: Jarrolds, 1935.
Morton, J. B.
The Dauphin, A biography of Louis XVII
. London: Longmans & Co., 1937.
The Dauphin, A biography of Louis XVII
. London: Longmans & Co., 1937.
Oscar, B.
The Flight to Varennes and Other Historical Essays
. 1892.
The Flight to Varennes and Other Historical Essays
. 1892.
Paine, T.
Political Writings,
ed., B. Kuklick. New York and London: Cambridge Univ. Press, 2000.
Political Writings,
ed., B. Kuklick. New York and London: Cambridge Univ. Press, 2000.
Pellatan, Dr. Philippe-Jean. His admission that he stole the heart of the child who died in the Temple and his detailed statement on the history of the heart while in his possession is in
Documents Concernant Le Coeur de Louis XVII. Revue Retrospective
(Paris, 3/1/1894).
Mémoire Historique sur les derniers jours de la vie de Louis XVII et sur la Conservations de ses précieux restes.
The controversy over Tillos’s theft and Pellatan’s fruitless attempts to return the heart to the royal family is in the same document, pp. 8-19:
Dépot conservation du Coeur de Louis XVII, incident du vol qui m’en a été fait et de la restitution
… For details of Pellatan’s transfer of the heart to Archbishop de Quélin see pp. 29-34:
Narration simple et vraie des démarches que je n’ai cessé de faire … pour déposer le précieux objet.
A statement from Pellatan’s son, Philippe-Gabriel, sets out details of the raid on the archbishop’s palace and the subsequent recovery of the heart, see pp. 57-59. For a full account of events as the heart of the orphan of the Temple was given to the Spanish Bourbons, including relevant correspondence:
Louis XVII Fin de L’Odyssée d’un Coeur Royal,
supplement to
Littoral de La Somme
(11/16/1895). Biographical details and Pellatan’s correspondence relating to the heart are included in the
Appendix of Revue Retrospective.
Documents Concernant Le Coeur de Louis XVII. Revue Retrospective
(Paris, 3/1/1894).
Mémoire Historique sur les derniers jours de la vie de Louis XVII et sur la Conservations de ses précieux restes.
The controversy over Tillos’s theft and Pellatan’s fruitless attempts to return the heart to the royal family is in the same document, pp. 8-19:
Dépot conservation du Coeur de Louis XVII, incident du vol qui m’en a été fait et de la restitution
… For details of Pellatan’s transfer of the heart to Archbishop de Quélin see pp. 29-34:
Narration simple et vraie des démarches que je n’ai cessé de faire … pour déposer le précieux objet.
A statement from Pellatan’s son, Philippe-Gabriel, sets out details of the raid on the archbishop’s palace and the subsequent recovery of the heart, see pp. 57-59. For a full account of events as the heart of the orphan of the Temple was given to the Spanish Bourbons, including relevant correspondence:
Louis XVII Fin de L’Odyssée d’un Coeur Royal,
supplement to
Littoral de La Somme
(11/16/1895). Biographical details and Pellatan’s correspondence relating to the heart are included in the
Appendix of Revue Retrospective.
Perceval, C. G.
An Abridged Account of the Misfortunes of the Dauphin. London:
Fraser, 1838.
An Abridged Account of the Misfortunes of the Dauphin. London:
Fraser, 1838.
Procès de Mathurin Bruneau se disant Louis XVII, par devant le Tribunal de police correctionale de Rouen.
Marseille: A. Ricard, 1818.
Marseille: A. Ricard, 1818.
Richemont, Baron de.
Mémoires du Due de Normandie, fils de Louis XVI, écrits et publiés par lui-même.
Paris, July 1831.
Mémoires du Due de Normandie, fils de Louis XVI, écrits et publiés par lui-même.
Paris, July 1831.
Richemont, Baron de.
Mémoires du contemporain que la Révolution fit orphelin en 1793 et qu’elle raya du nombre des vivants en 1795.
Paris: Maistrasse-Wiart, 1846.
Mémoires du contemporain que la Révolution fit orphelin en 1793 et qu’elle raya du nombre des vivants en 1795.
Paris: Maistrasse-Wiart, 1846.
Roberts, J. M.
The French Revolution.
New York and London: Oxford Univ. Press, 1978.
The French Revolution.
New York and London: Oxford Univ. Press, 1978.
Rose, R. B.
The Making of the Sans-culottes: Democratic Ideas and Institutions in Paris 1789-92
. Manchester: Manchester University Press, 1983.
The Making of the Sans-culottes: Democratic Ideas and Institutions in Paris 1789-92
. Manchester: Manchester University Press, 1983.
Rousseau, J. J.
The Social Contract, or Principles of Political Right
, trans. M. Cranston, London: Penguin, 1968.
The Social Contract, or Principles of Political Right
, trans. M. Cranston, London: Penguin, 1968.
Saint-Amand, Baron Imbert de.
The Duchesse d’Angoulême and the Two Restorations
, trans. J. Davis. London: Hutchinson & Co., 1892.
The Duchesse d’Angoulême and the Two Restorations
, trans. J. Davis. London: Hutchinson & Co., 1892.
Schama, S.
Citizens: A Chronicle of the French Revolution
. London: Penguin, 1989.
Citizens: A Chronicle of the French Revolution
. London: Penguin, 1989.
Seward, D.
Marie Antoinette.
London: Constable, 1981.
Marie Antoinette.
London: Constable, 1981.
Soderhjelm, A.
Fersen et Marie-Antoinette.
1930.
Fersen et Marie-Antoinette.
1930.
Stevens, A. de Grasse.
The Lost Dauphin or Onwarenhiiaki, the Indian Iroquois Chief.
Orpington: G. Allen, 1887.
The Lost Dauphin or Onwarenhiiaki, the Indian Iroquois Chief.
Orpington: G. Allen, 1887.
Other books
Not in the Heart by Chris Fabry
If I Could Be With You by Hardesty, Mary Mamie
Guardian Domination by Hayse, Breanna
Cain's Blood by Geoffrey Girard
Scotsman of My Dreams by Karen Ranney
Other Worldly Ways (Anthology 1) by Connie Suttle
Defending My Mobster (BWWM Romance) by Tasha Jones, Interracial Love
Assignment - Sulu Sea by Edward S. Aarons