The March of Folly (70 page)

GROTE, GEORGE
.
History of Greece
. 10 vols. London, 1872.

HERODOTUS
.
The Histories
. 2 vols. Trans. George Rawlinson. Everyman ed. New York.

HOMER
.
The Iliad
. Trans. Richmond Lattimore. Chicago, Univ. of Chicago Press, 1951.

____. The Iliad
. Trans. Robert Fitzgerald. New York, 1974.

____. The Odyssey
. Trans. Robert Fitzgerald. New York, 1963.

KIRK, G. S
.
The Nature of Greek Myths
. Penguin ed. Baltimore, 1974.

KNIGHT W.F.J
. “The Wooden Horse at the Gates of Troy.”
Classical Quarterly
. Vol. 28, 1933, 254.

MACLEISH, ARCHIBALD
. “The Trojan Horse,” in
Collected Poems
. Boston, 1952.

MACURDY, GRACE A
. “The Horse-Training Trojans.”
Classical Quarterly
(O.S. 1923). Vol. XVII, 51.

QUINTOS OF SMYRNA
.
The War of Troy
. Trans., with intro. and notes, Frederick M. Combellach. Norman, Oklahoma Univ. Press, 1968.

SNELL, BRUNO
.
The Discovery of the Mind: Greek Origins of European Thought. Cambridge, Mass., 1953
.

SCHERER, MARGARET S
.
The Legend of Troy in Art and Literature
.
New York and London, 1963
.

STEINER, GEORGE, AND FAGLES, ROBERT
.
Homer: A Collection of Critical Essays. Englewood Cliffs, N.J., 1962
.

VIRGIL
.
The Aeneid
. Trans. Rolfe Humphries. New York, 1951.

REFERENCE NOTES

Note:
Numerals in reference notes to the
Iliad, Odyssey
and
Aeneid
refer to lines (which vary somewhat according to translation), not to pages.

1.
STORYTELLER, “WHAT HAS HAPPENED …”:
Powys, preface to “Homer and the Aelther” in Steiner and Fagles, 140.

2.
DEMODOCUS’ TALE OF THE WOODEN HORSE:
Odyssey
, Bk VIII, 499–520.

3.
HOMER’S SUCCESSORS:
The verse narratives between Homer and Virgil, which exist mainly in fragments or epitomes, are: the
Cypria
, c. 7th century
B.C.;
the
Little Iliad
by Lesches of Lesbos;
The Sack of Ilium
by Arctinus of Miletus. Pos
t-Aeneid
treatments of the Trojan War are: Apollodorus; Hyginus’
Fabulae;
Quintus Smyrnaeus’
Posthomerica;
Servius on the
Aeneid;
Dictys the Cretan; and Dares the Phrygian.

4.
POSEIDON AND APOLLO AS BUILDERS OF TROY:
from Servius, discussed in Frazer’s Notes to Apollodorus, II, 229–35; Murray’s Notes to Euripides, 81.

5.
WOODEN HORSE BUILT ON ATHENA’S ADVICE:
Aeneid
, Bk II, 13–56; Lesches’
Little Iliad
, q. Scherer, 110; Graves, II, 331.

6.
HORSE SACRED TO TROY, AND SACRED VEIL:
Odyssey
, Bk VIII, 511 ff.;
Little Iliad
, q. Knight;
Aeneid
, Bk II, 234.

7.
EPEIUS:
Quintus, 221–2, 227.

8.
“HALF WAY BETWEEN VICTORY AND DEATH”:
Quintus, 227.

9.
THYMOETES AND CAPYS:
Aeneid
, Bk II, 46–55.

10.
PRLAM AND COUNCIL DEBATE
: Arctinus,
Sack of Ilium
, q. Scherer, III.

11.
CROWD CRIES “BURN IT!
 …”:
Odyssey
, Bk VIII, 499; Graves, II, 333.

12.
LAOCOON’S WARNING:
Aeneid
, Bk II, 56–80, 199–231; Hyginus,
Fabulae
.

13.
SINON:
Aeneid
, II, 80–275; Quintus, 228.

14.
SERPENTS:
Aeneid
, Bk II, 283–315.

15.
PLINY ON STATUE
: q. Scherer, 113.

16.
OTHER PORTENTS
: Quintus, 231–2.

17.
CASSANDRA:
Aeneid
, Bk II; Quintus, 232–3; Hyginus and Apollodorus, q. Graves, II, 263–4, 273 Frazer’s Notes to Apollodorus, II, 229–35.

18.
“TREMBLING IN THEIR LEGS
”: Odysseus reports this to Achilles in Hades,
Odyssey
, Bk XI, 527.

19.
FATE OF TROJANS AFTER THE FALL:
Aeneid
, Bk II, 506–58.

20.
PAUSANIAS AND SIEGE ENGINE
: Grote, I, 285; Graves, II, 335.

21.
A MILITARY HISTORIAN
: Yigael Yadin in
World History of the Jewish People
, Rutgers Univ. Press, 1970, II, 159; also
Art of Warfare in Biblical Lands
, London, 1965, 18.

22.
HERODOTUS ON HELEN
: Bk II, chap. 113–19;
“INFATUATED
”: ibid., chap. 120.

23.
PRIAM, “TO THE GODS I OWE …”:
Iliad, Bk III, c. 170.

24.
ZEUS, “WHEN IT IS THROUGH BLINDNESS …”:
Odyssey
, Bk I, 30; on aegisthus: ibid., 32 ff.

25.
ATĒ
:, appears first in Hesiod, predating Homer; sometimes called Eris or Erinys; sometimes figures as daughter of Eris, Goddess of Discord; in
Iliad
, Bk IX, 502–12; Bk XIX, 95–135; in various classical dictionaries.

26.
FLOOD LEGEND
: Kirk, 135–6, 261–4; Graves, II, 269.

27.
LITAI:
Iliad
, Bk IX, 474–80, Fitzgerald translation.

28.
AGAMEMNON BLAMES ATĒ:
Iliad
, Bk XIX, 87–94.

29.
BRUTUS’ VISION
: Shakespeare,
Julius Caesar
, Act. 3, Sc. 1.

WORKS CONSULTED

The most inclusive source for the history of the Papacy in this period, to which all later studies must be indebted, is Ludwig von Pastor’s
History of the Popes from the Close of the Middle Ages
in 14 volumes, first published in German in the 1880s and ’90s. Jacob Burckhardt’s classic
The Civilization of the Renaissance in Italy
, first published in German in his native Switzerland in 1860, is equally indispensable.

Primary sources, on which the following works are based, are the Vatican archives; letters, diplomatic correspondence and reports and other miscellaneous sources collected in Muratori’s
Annals;
individual chronicles, especially the diary of John Burchard, Vatican Master of Ceremonies under Alexander VI and Julius
II; and the major contemporary histories, Guicciardini’s
Storia d’Italia
, Francesco Vettori’s
Storia d’Italia
, Machiavelli’s
The Prince
and
The Discourses
, Vasari’s
Lives of the Painters
.

AUBENAS, ROGER, AND RICARD, ROBERT
.
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BRION, MARCEL
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BURCHARD, JOHN
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BURCKHARDT, JACOB
.
The Civilization of the Renaissance in Italy. Vol. I. Colophon ed., New York, 1958
.

CALVESI, MAURIZIO
.
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CATHOLIC ENCYCLOPEDIA
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NEW CATHOLIC ENCYCLOPEDIA
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CHADWICK, OWEN
.
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CHAMBERLIN, E. R
.
The Bad Popes
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CHAMBERS, DAVID SANDERSON
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Studies in Medieval and Renaissance History
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COUGHLAN, ROBERT
.
The World of Michelangelo: 1415–1564
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DICKENS, A. G
.
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ERASMUS, DESIDERIUS
.
The Praise of Folly
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FUNCK-BRENTANO, FRANTZ
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GILBERT, FELIX
.
Machiavelli
and Guicciardini
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GILMORE, MYRON P
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GREGOROVIUS, FERDINAND
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.
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GUICCIARDINI, FRANCESCO
.
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HALE, J. R
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HIBBERT, CHRISTOPHER
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HILLERBRAND, HANS J
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.

HOWELL, A. G. FERRERS
.
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.
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.

HUGHES, PHILIP
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Vol III. New York, 1947
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HUIZINGA, JOHAN
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JEDIN, HUBERT
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LEES-MILNE, JAMES
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LOPEZ, ROBERT
s
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.

LORTZ, JOSEPH
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How the Reformation Came
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MACHIAVELLI, NICCOLO
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The Prince and The Discourses
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MALLETT, MICHAEL
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.

MCNALLY, ROBERT E.
,
S.J
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.

MITCHELL, BONNER
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.
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.

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.

OECHSLI, WILHELM
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OLIN, JOHN C
.
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O’MALLEY, JOHN
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.

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.

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PASTOR, LUDWIG VON
.
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PORTIGLIATTI, GIUSEPPE
.
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PREZZOLINI, GIUSEPPE
.
Machiavelli
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RANKE, LEOPOLD VON
.
History of the Popes … in the 16th and 17th Centuries, 3 vols
.
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.

RIDOLFI, ROBERTO
.
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.
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.

RODOCANACHI, E
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.
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.

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.

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s
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.

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.
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.

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.
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.

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.
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.
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.

ULLMANN, WALTER
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.
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.

VASARI, GIORGIO
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