The Outcasts
Authors: John Flanagan
Tags: #Fantasy, #Juvenile Fiction, #Fantasy & Magic, #Action & Adventure, #General
Table of Contents
PHILOMEL BOOKS
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South Africa. Penguin Books Ltd, Registered Offices: 80 Strand, London WC2R 0RL, England.
Penguin Group (USA) Inc., 375 Hudson Street, New York, NY 10014, U.S.A.
Penguin Group (Canada), 90 Eglinton Avenue East, Suite 700, Toronto, Ontario M4P 2Y3,
Canada (a division of Pearson Penguin Canada Inc.). Penguin Books Ltd, 80 Strand, London
WC2R 0RL, England. Penguin Ireland, 25 St. Stephen’s Green, Dublin 2, Ireland (a division of
Penguin Books Ltd). Penguin Group (Australia), 250 Camberwell Road, Camberwell, Victoria 3124,
Australia (a division of Pearson Australia Group Pty Ltd). Penguin Books India Pvt Ltd,
11 Community Centre, Panchsheel Park, New Delhi—110 017, India. Penguin Group (NZ),
67 Apollo Drive, Rosedale, Auckland 0632, New Zealand (a division of Pearson New Zealand Ltd).
Penguin Books (South Africa) (Pty) Ltd, 24 Sturdee Avenue, Rosebank, Johannesburg 2196,
South Africa. Penguin Books Ltd, Registered Offices: 80 Strand, London WC2R 0RL, England.
Copyright © 2011 by John Flanagan. Illustration copyright © 2011 by David Elliot.
Library of Congress Cataloging-in-Publication Data is available upon request.
ISBN : 978-1-101-54539-3
ALSO BY JOHN FLANAGAN
The Ranger’s Apprentice Epic
Book 1: The Ruins of Gorlan
Book 2: The Burning Bridge
Book 3: The Icebound Land
Book 4: The Battle for SkandiaBook 5: The Sorcerer of the North
Book 6: The Siege of MacindawBook 7: Erak’s Ransom
Book 8: The Kings of ClonmelBook 9: Halt’s Peril
Book 10: The Emperor of Nihon-JaThe Lost Stories
Dedicated to our own Brotherband, Max, Konan, Alex and Henry
A Few Sailing Terms Explained
B
ecause this book involves sailing ships, I thought it might be useful to explain a few of the nautical terms found in the story.
ecause this book involves sailing ships, I thought it might be useful to explain a few of the nautical terms found in the story.
Be reassured that I haven’t gone overboard (to keep up the nautical allusion) with technical details in the book, and even if you’re not familiar with sailing, I’m sure you’ll understand what’s going on. But a certain amount of sailing terminology is necessary for the story to feel realistic.
So, here we go, in no particular order:
Bow:
The front of the ship, also called the prow.
The front of the ship, also called the prow.
Stern:
The rear of the ship.
The rear of the ship.
Port and starboard:
The left and the right side of the ship, as you’re facing the bow. In fact, I’m probably incorrect in using the term
port
. The early term for port was
larboard,
but I thought we’d all get confused if I used that.
The left and the right side of the ship, as you’re facing the bow. In fact, I’m probably incorrect in using the term
port
. The early term for port was
larboard,
but I thought we’d all get confused if I used that.
Starboard
is a corruption of “steering board” (or steering side). The steering oar was always placed on the right-hand side of the ship at the stern.
is a corruption of “steering board” (or steering side). The steering oar was always placed on the right-hand side of the ship at the stern.
Consequently, when a ship came into port it would moor with the left side against the jetty, to avoid damage to the steering oar. One theory says the word derived from the ship’s being in port—left side to the jetty. I suspect, however, that it might have come from the fact that the entry port, by which crew and passengers boarded, was also always on the left side.
How do you remember which side is which? Easy.
Port
and
left
both have four letters.
Port
and
left
both have four letters.
Forward:
Toward the bow.
Toward the bow.
Aft:
Toward the stern.
Toward the stern.
Fore-and-aft rig:
A sail plan in which the sail is in line with the hull of the ship.
A sail plan in which the sail is in line with the hull of the ship.
Hull:
The body of the ship.
The body of the ship.
Keel:
The spine of the ship.
The spine of the ship.
Steering oar:
The blade used to control the ship’s direction, mounted on the starboard side of the ship, at the stern.
The blade used to control the ship’s direction, mounted on the starboard side of the ship, at the stern.
Tiller:
The handle for the steering oar.
The handle for the steering oar.
Beam:
The side of the ship. If the wind is abeam, it is coming from the side, at a right angle to the ship’s keel.
The side of the ship. If the wind is abeam, it is coming from the side, at a right angle to the ship’s keel.
Yardarm, or yard:
A spar (wooden pole) that is hoisted up the mast, carrying the sail.
A spar (wooden pole) that is hoisted up the mast, carrying the sail.
Masthead:
The top of the mast.
The top of the mast.
Bulwark:
The part of the ship’s side above the deck.
The part of the ship’s side above the deck.
Gunwale:
The upper part of the ship’s rail.
The upper part of the ship’s rail.
Belaying pins:
Wooden pins used to fasten rope.
Wooden pins used to fasten rope.
Oarlock, or rowlock:
Pegs that hold an oar in place.
Pegs that hold an oar in place.
Telltale:
A pennant that indicates the wind’s direction.
A pennant that indicates the wind’s direction.
Tacking:
To tack is to change direction from one side to the other, passing through the eye of the wind.
To tack is to change direction from one side to the other, passing through the eye of the wind.
If the wind is from the north and you want to sail northeast, you would perform one tack so that you are heading northeast, and you would continue to sail on that tack for as long as you need.
However, if the wind is from the north and you want to sail due north, you would have to do so in a series of short tacks, going back and forth on a zigzag course, crossing through the wind each time, and slowly making ground to the north. This is a process known as
beating
into the wind.
beating
into the wind.
Wearing:
When a ship tacks, it turns
into
the wind to change direction. When it wears, it turns
away
from the wind, traveling in a much larger arc, with the wind in the sail, driving the ship around throughout the maneuver. Wearing was a safer way than tacking.
When a ship tacks, it turns
into
the wind to change direction. When it wears, it turns
away
from the wind, traveling in a much larger arc, with the wind in the sail, driving the ship around throughout the maneuver. Wearing was a safer way than tacking.
Reach, or reaching:
When the wind is from the side of the ship, the ship is sailing on a reach, or reaching.
When the wind is from the side of the ship, the ship is sailing on a reach, or reaching.
Running:
When the wind is from the stern, the ship is running. (So would you if the wind was strong enough at your back.)
When the wind is from the stern, the ship is running. (So would you if the wind was strong enough at your back.)
Reef:
To gather in part of the sail and bundle it against the yardarm to reduce the sail area. This is done in high winds to protect the sail and the mast.
To gather in part of the sail and bundle it against the yardarm to reduce the sail area. This is done in high winds to protect the sail and the mast.
Trim:
To adjust the sail to the most efficient angle.
To adjust the sail to the most efficient angle.
Halyard:
A rope used to haul the yard up the mast. (Haul-yard, get it?)
A rope used to haul the yard up the mast. (Haul-yard, get it?)
Stay:
A heavy rope that supports the mast. The
backstay
and the
forestay
are heavy ropes running from the top of the mast to the stern and the bow (it’s pretty obvious which is which).
A heavy rope that supports the mast. The
backstay
and the
forestay
are heavy ropes running from the top of the mast to the stern and the bow (it’s pretty obvious which is which).
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