The Perfect Heresy (47 page)

castle of,
108

and royal crusade,
184
,
186

Foix, count of,
134
,
139

Foix, family of,
135
–36

Fontevrault,
224

Fontfroide, monastery of,
59

Fournier, Jacques (later Benedict XII),
x
,
237
,
238
,
239
,
245
–46,
245
f

Fourth Crusade,
72
–73,
108
,
119

Fourth Lateran Council,
150
–56,
152
f
,
177
,
195

decree of,
155
–56,
157
,
161
,
170
,
178

France,
10

and Languedoc,
178
,
180
–81

annexed Languedoc,
2
,
10
,
19
,
225

Francis of Assisi,
62

Franciscans,
62
,
175
,
204

Frangipani,
35
,
38
,
118
,
179

Frederick Barbarossa, Emperor,
22
,
28
,
72

Frederick II, Emperor (Stupor Mundi),
35
,
203
,
207
,
218

French army,
206
,
212

royal crusade,
183
–87

French monarchy

Occitans and,
183

French Third Republic,
249
,
250
,
253

French Underground,
258

Fulk of Marseilles, bishop of Toulouse,
x
,
15
,
42
,
49
,
58
,
64
,
66
,
68
–69,
122
f
,
124
,
130
,
152
,
171
–72,
202
,
246

and battle of Muret,
142
,
144

deceased,
192

in exile,
170
,
175

at Fourth Lateran Council,
153
–54,
155
–56

preaching campaign in Toulouse,
121
–23

and royal crusade,
183
,
186

and siege of Toulouse,
160
,
161
,
164

Garcias, Peter,
222
–23,
246

Garonne,
161
,
164

Gascon nobility,
142

Gascony,
47

Gaston of Béarn,
139

Gelasius II, Pope,
34

Genoa,
181

Geralda, lady of Lavaur,
111
,
131

Giotto di Bondone,
62

Gnostics,
30
,
42
,
80
,
81

God of Catharism,
11

Golairan, William-Raymond,
209

Gospel of John,
80
–81

Grail stories,
254
,
256
,
257

Great Heresy

Languedoc and,
17
–31

Gregory VII, Pope,
25
,
33
,
94

Gregory IX, Pope (Ugolino dei Conti di Segni),
x
,
186
,
193
,
194
f
,
195
–96,
202
–3

death of,
207

Gros, Raymond,
204

Gui, Bernard,
228
,
237
,
239

Guilhabert of Castres,
x
–xi,
15
,
43
,
63
,
110
,
173
,
191
,
192
,
214
,
239
,
259

Guirdham, Arthur,
259

Guy de Montfort,
166

Heaven’s Gate,
261

Helena (mother of Constantine),
37

Henry of Lausanne,
27
,
29

Henry II, king of England,
25
,
66
,
70
,
225

Henry III, king of England,
207
–8,
211
–12

Henry VI, Emperor and king of Germany,
34
–35,
203

Henry VIII, king of England,
38

Heresiarchs,
21
,
173

Heresy,
27
–31,
57
,
205
,
233

bastion of,
110

celebration of failed,
248
–49

Inquisition and,
225
–30

in Italy,
230

Languedoc,
156

putting down,
195
–96

rooting out,
206

tolerance of,
94
,
140

Heresy tribunal,
193
–95

Heretics,
72

burning,
127
,
131

Hervé de Donzy, count of Nevers,
69
,
100

Hildegard of Bingen,
40

Histoire des Albigeois
(Peyrat),
250

Hohenstaufens,
47
,
177

Holy Blood and the Holy Grail, The
(Baigent, Leigh, and Lincoln),
260
–61

Honorius III, Pope,
169

Hot, Arnold,
63

Hugh de Lacy,
103

Hugh de Lusignan,
207
–8,
212

Hugh of Arcis,
215
,
216
–17

Hugo, Victor,
261

Humbert de Beaujeau,
186

Hundred Years’ War,
212

Huysmans, Joris-Karl,
254

Iberian Peninsula,
10
,
93
,
132

Ideas,
20

history of,
10

in Languedoc,
52
–53

Ile de France,
10
,
19
,
44
,
178

Ile de la Cité,
187
–88,
190

Informers,
198
,
199
,
204

Innocent III, Pope (Lotario dei Conti di Segni),
xi
,
15
,
32
–39,
34
f
,
40
,
41
,
51
,
54
,
60
,
62
,
66
,
70
,
157
,
171
,
176
,
177
,
186
,
196
,
203
,
239

on bishops,
195

call for crusade,
68
–69,
109

and Church in Languedoc,
57
–58

and crusades,
72
,
73
–74,
87
,
94
,
133
,
137

death of,
159
,
174

ended Albigensian Crusade,
137
,
138
–39,
140

Fourth Lateran Council,
150
–51,
153
–56,
161

launched Albigensian Crusade,
6

made it crime to tolerate presence of heretics,
106
–7

Pedro vassal of,
92
–93

power of,
118
–19

and punishment of Raymond,
126
,
129

and Raymond of Toulouse’s diplomatic offensive,
119
–20,
124
,
125

reinstated crusade,
140
–41

Innocent IV, Pope,
229
–30

Inquisition,
2
,
7
,
42
,
173
,
191
–200,
211
,
214
,
215
,
218
–19,
225
–30,
240
,
241
,
242
,
246

Aragonese,
241

backlash,
201
–10

heads of,
237

interrogation check list,
197

interrogations,
14
,
226
,
228

in Italy,
229
–30

symbol of,
220
f

torture in,
229

Inquisition registers,
227
,
227
f
,
233

Inquisitors,
196
–200,
202
–4,
205
f
,
208
,
211
,
213
,
222
,
225
–30,
232
,
238

Inquisitor’s manuals,
228

Interdict,
129

threat of,
202

Toulouse under,
118
,
120
,
204

Internet,
261

Italian language,
22

Italy,
8
,
39

Inquisition in,
229
–30

Jean de St. Pierre,
227
–28

Jerusalem,
8
,
39
,
46
,
70
,
72
,
137
,
151

Jesus of Nazareth,
24
,
30
,
260

Jews,
69
,
77
,
202

attacked by crusaders,
73

doom for, in crusades,
80

of Languedoc,
20
,
53

required to wear yellow circle,
151

in Toulouse,
121
,
123

Joan of Arc, cult of,
250

Joan of England,
45
,
156
,
158
,
224

John, king of England,
149
,
181

Jongleurs,
19
–20,
43
,
44

Jordan, Pons,
63

Jubilee,
230
–32

Kabbalah/Kabbalists,
20
,
42

Knights,
109
,
144
,
215

in battle of Muret,
141
–43,
146

killed at Lavaur,
130

mounted,
71

in siege of Toulouse,
165
–66

Kreuzzug gegen den Gral
(Rahn),
256

Lackland, John,
45

Languedoc,
1
,
7
,
13
–14,
39

Amaury de Montfort handed over to France,
178
,
181

annexed to France,
2
,
10
,
19
,
225

betrayal of Cathars in,
222
–25

Catharism in,
17
–31,
41
,
126

Cathars and,
8
,
9
–10,
183
,
222
- 25,
239

the Church and,
49
–54,
118

crusade to,
73
,
135
,
138
–41

debate between Cathars and Catholics,
55
–56,
57
,
58

in Fourth Lateran Council,
152
–56

fragility of,
172
–73

France and,
178
,
180
–81

and the Great Heresy,
16
,
17
–31

Inquisition in,
230

linguistic recovery movement,
253

as moral utopia,
255

overlords,
44
–49

partible inheritance system,
43

pop exploitation of Catharism,
247
–49,
258
–62

repression of Cathars in,
228

resentment toward Inquisition in,
206

revolt in,
211
–13

Romano di San Angelo papal legate to,
179
–80

royal crusade in,
183
–87,
190

search for heretics in,
196

Simon de Montfort lord of,
152
,
156
,
159

tolerance in,
173

troubadour culture,
250

war in,
169
–72

warriors from, besieging Montségur,
215
–18

Languedoc nobles,
172
,
207
–8

dispossessed,
106
–7

and royal crusade,
182
–83

La Mancha,
132
–33

Las Navas de Tolosa,
133
,
138
,
142
,
159

Lateran Palace,
28
,
37
,
38

Laurac,
173

Lauragais,
173

Lavaur,
18
,
129
,
137
,
138
,
173
,
184

siege of,
129
–31,
171

Leigh, Richard,
260

Le Roy Ladurie, Emmanuel,
14

Lincoln, Henry,
260

Lizier, Grazida,
236

Lombard League,
22

Lombardy,
52

Lombers (town),
30
–31,
44
,
56
,
110

Lombrives,
251
–52,
254
,
255

Louis VIII, king of France,
xii
,
169
,
177
,
180
–81,
213

royal crusade,
182
,
183
–85

Louis IX, king of France,
185
f
,
189
,
215
,
239

Louvre,
190

Lucius II, Pope,
34