The Spanish Armada (65 page)

Howard, Lord Thomas,
ref 1
,
ref 2
; knighted,
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Huerta, Juan de,
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Huguenots: persecuted in France,
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; conflict with Catholics,
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; rights granted under Edict of Nantes,
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Hunsdon, Henry Carey, 1st Baron,
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,
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,
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,
ref 4

Hunter (English spy in Spain),
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Huntingdon, Henry Hastings, 3rd Earl of,
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Ibarra, Juan de,
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Idiáquez, Don Juan de,
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,
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,
ref 3

Ipswich,
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Ireland: plans to rise against Elizabeth,
ref 1
; decoy plan in Spanish invasion of England,
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; Armada navigates,
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; Armada ships wrecked on west coast,
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,
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; Spanish survivors slaughtered,
ref 1
,
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,
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; estimated Spanish dead,
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; defences reorganised to round up Spanish survivors,
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; later Spanish
attacks on,
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Italy: financiers deny credit to Philip,
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,
ref 2

James VI, King of Scotland (James I of England): accession in Scotland,
ref 1
; Elizabeth writes to on death of Mary Queen of Scots,
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;
offers assistance to Elizabeth,
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,
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; prospective deposing by Catholics,
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; succeeds Elizabeth as James I,
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Jane Seymour, Queen of Henry VIII,
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Jesuits: conspire against Elizabeth,
ref 1
; imprisoned in Wisbech Castle,
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Joinville, Treaty of (1584),
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Juan, Captain Marolín de,
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Juliana
(Spanish ship),
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,
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,
ref 3

Justin of Nassau,
ref 1
,
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,
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Katherine of Aragon, Queen of Henry VIII,
ref 1
,
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,
ref 3

Kelly, Major John,
ref 1

Kent: land forces and defences,
ref 1

Kent, Henry Grey, 6th Earl of,
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Killigrew, Sir Henry,
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Kinnagoe Bay, Co. Donegal,
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Kinsale, Ireland: Spanish troops land at,
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Knollys, Sir Francis,
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Lagos,
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Lane, Ralph,
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Langside, battle of (1568),
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Lasso, Don Rodrigo,
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La Torre, Padre,
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,
ref 2

Lavia
(Spanish ship),
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,
ref 2

Lázaro, Juan,
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Leicester
(English ship),
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Leicester, Robert Dudley, Earl of: commands in Netherlands,
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; believes Armada rumours exaggerated,
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; supposed illegitimate son,
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; favours pre-emptive blow against Spain,
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; on Armada threat,
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; assassination plot against,
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;
on shortage of equipment for land forces,
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; commands defence forces,
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,
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; opposes Elizabeth’s peace negotiations
with Spain,
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; commissioned lieutenant and captain-general,
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; on militia at West Tilbury,
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; Morgan warns of continuing
threat from Parma,
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; and Elizabeth’s visit to Tilbury,
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,
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; holds celebratory review,
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; decline and death,
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Leigh, Richard,
ref 1

Lemos, Count of,
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Leslie, John, Bishop of Ross,
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Levant Company,
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Leyva, Don Alonso de,
ref 1
,
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,
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,
ref 4
,
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,
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Lion
(English ship)
see Golden Lion

Lippomano, Hieronimo,
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,
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,
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,
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,
ref 5
,
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,
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Lisbon: Spain annexes,
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; Armada fleet prepares in,
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,
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; English expedition aims to capture under Norris
and Drake,
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,
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London: trained bands,
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; Spanish spies in,
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; celebrates Gravelines victory,
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; servicemen mutiny in,
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London, Treaty of (1604),
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Loo, Andreas de,
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Louvain: Catholic activists in,
ref 1

Luzón, Don Alonso de,
ref 1
,
ref 2

Lyme Bay,
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M’Cabb, Melaghlin,
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McDonnell, Sorley Boy,
ref 1
,
ref 2

Machary, James,
ref 1

MacLean of Duart, Lachlan,
ref 1

Makeshift
(English pinnace),
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Maldonado, Don Diego de,
ref 1

Manona, Giovanni de,
ref 1

Manrique, Don Jorge,
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,
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Marchant, Captain,
ref 1
,
ref 2

Marco, Captain,
ref 1

Margaret and John
(English ship),
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,
ref 2
,
ref 3

Maria Juan
(Spanish ship),
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Marie Rose
(English ship),
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,
ref 2
,
ref 3
,
ref 4
,
ref 5

Marten, Anthony,
ref 1

Martigo
(English pinnace),
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Mary I (Tudor), Queen: death,
ref 1
; background,
ref 1
; marriage to Philip,
ref 1
,
ref 2
,
ref 1
; succession,
ref 1
; reign,
ref 1
; suppresses rebellion (1554),
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Mary Queen of Scots: French support claim to English throne,
ref 1
; flees to England from Scotland (1568),
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; claim to English
throne,
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; Norfolk hopes to marry,
ref 1
,
ref 2
; as Catholic focus,
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; Throckmorton plot to liberate,
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; excluded from succession by Bond of Association,
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; death sentence and execution,
ref 1
,
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;
Walsingham plots against,
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; supposed will,
ref 1
; tomb,
ref 1

Maxwell, John, 7th Baron,
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Mayne, Father Cuthbert,
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Mea, Vasco de,
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Medina, Don Juan Gómez de,
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Medina Sidonia, Don Alonso Pérez de Guzmán, 7th Duke of: and Drake’s attack on Cadiz,
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; appointed captain-general of the ocean,
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,
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; background and qualities,
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; doubts success of Armada,
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,
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,
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; personal staff and administrators,
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; piety,
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; issues orders on sailing,
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; detained by bad
weather,
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; sends messages to Parma,
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,
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,
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; messages of encouragement from Philip,
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; musters Armada at Corunna,
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; loses ships before action,
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; holds council of war on sighting England,
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; hears nothing from Parma,
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,
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,
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; engages English fleet,
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,
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,
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,
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; alters formation of Armada,
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,
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,
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;
manoeuvres,
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; seeks defensible anchorage in England,
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; makes for Flanders,
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; anchors off Calais,
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; in fireships attack at Calais,
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; orders regrouping of Armada after leaving Calais,
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,
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; refuses
to petition for surrender,
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; plans homeward voyage,
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; on English fleet leaving Armada in northern isles,
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; Philip
writes to on supposed victory,
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; sailing orders for return voyage,
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; letter to Philip on failure of Armada and return route,
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; arrival in Santander and illness,
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; and Spanish administrative weaknesses,
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; attempts to care for survivors,
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; Philip allows to return home to recuperate,
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; differences with Parma over failure,
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; Parma tells of invasion plans,
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; mocked in Valladolid,
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; mocked in English tract,
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Melsam, William,
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Mendoza, Bernardino de: on condition of Catholics in England,
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; opposes establishment of Catholic settlement in America,
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;
expelled from England,
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; as ambassador in Paris,
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; and Arundel’s plot,
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; on succession to Elizabeth,
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; letter from Mary Queen of Scots,
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; Stafford offers to supply intelligence to,
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; on Catholic victories in France,
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; reports on English spies in Spain,
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; sends questionable intelligence to Philip,
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; promises to English exiles in Paris,
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; on English rumours of Spanish threats of repression,
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; misreports Spanish victory to Philip,
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; blindness,
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; hears rumours of English expedition to Lisbon,
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; on Spanish war against England,
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Mendoza, Captain Pedro de,
ref 1

Menneck, Adrian,
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Merchant Adventurers: financial support for English ships,
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Merchant Royal
(English ship),
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,
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,
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Merlin
(English pinnace),
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Messia, Marco Antonio,
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,
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Metico, Andrew van,
ref 1

Michiel, Giovanni,
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militia: swear oath of loyalty to Elizabeth,
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Milward, William,
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Minion
(English ship),
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Miranda, Luis de,
ref 1

Mocenigo, Giovanni,
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Mombasa,
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Moncada, Admiral Hugo de,
ref 1
,
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,
ref 4
,
ref 5
; killed,
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Montague, Anthony Browne, 1st Viscount,
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,
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Moray, James Stewart, Earl of,
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,
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More, Sir Thomas,
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Moresin, Captain Francisco,
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Morgan, Sir Thomas,
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Moura, Don Cristobal de,
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Mousehole, Cornwall: burned by Spanish expedition,
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Nantes, Edict of (1598),
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Napolitana
(Neapolitan galleass),
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,
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,
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navy (English): strength,
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,
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; as first line of defence,
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; provision of extra
ships,
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; rations and diet,
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,
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; desertions,
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; ship losses and casualties,
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; superior gunnery and firepower,
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,
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; ship damage,
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; crews unpaid,
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;
deaths from disease and starvation,
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,
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,
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; Elizabeth stands down,
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Netherlands: English Catholic exiles in,
ref 1
; Spanish anti-Protestant policy in,
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,
ref 2
; Elizabeth supports
Protestants in,
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; requests financial assistance from Elizabeth,
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; patrols Flemish coast against Parma,
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; Armada ships
beached and sunk off coast,
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; celebrates defeat of Armada,
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; English payments to,
ref 1
; provides weapons and support for
English expedition against Lisbon,
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Noel, Henry,
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Nonpareil
(English ship),
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,
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,
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,
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Nonsuch, Treaty of (Anglo-Dutch, 1585),
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Norfolk, Thomas Howard, 3rd Duke of,
ref 1

Norfolk, Thomas Howard, 4th Duke of: plans to marry Mary Queen of Scots,
ref 1
,
ref 2
; wealth and status,
ref 1
;
confined to Tower,
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; released into house arrest,
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; and Ridolphi plot for Spanish invasion,
ref 1
; returned to Tower,
ref 1
; executed,
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; grave,
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Norris, Sir Edward,
ref 1

Norris, Sir John (‘Black Jack’): surveys enemy’s possible landing sites,
ref 1
; spy reports on,
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; and defence of
Portsmouth,
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; expedition against Spain and Portugal,
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,
ref 2
; lands at Corunna,
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; falls from
Queen’s favour,
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; leads expedition against Spaniards in France,
ref 1