The Spanish Armada (66 page)

Northumberland, Henry Percy, 8th Earl of,
ref 1

Northumberland, Thomas Percy, 7th Earl of,
ref 1
,
ref 2

Norton, Thomas,
ref 1

Norway: Spanish ships wrecked off,
ref 1

Nowell, Alexander, Dean of St Paul’s,
ref 1

Nuestra Señora de Pilar de Zaragoza
(Spanish ship),
ref 1

Nuestra Señora de Castro
(Spanish ship),
ref 1
,
ref 2

Nuestra Señora del Rosario
(Spanish ship),
ref 1
,
ref 2
,
ref 3
,
ref 4
,
ref 5
; captured by Drake,
ref 1

Nuñez, Pedro,
ref 1

O’Devenny, Connor, Bishop of Down and Connor,
ref 1

O’Docherty, Sir John,
ref 1

O’Flaherty family of Connemara,
ref 1

Ojeda, Admiral Agustín de,
ref 1
,
ref 2

Olivares, Enrique de Guzman, Count de,
ref 1
,
ref 2
,
ref 3
,
ref 4
,
ref 5
,
ref 6
,
ref 7
,
ref 8

O’Malley, Dawdarra Roe,
ref 1

Oquendo, Miguel de,
ref 1
,
ref 2
,
ref 3
,
ref 4
,
ref 5
,
ref 6

Ormanteo, Niccolò,
ref 1

Ostend,
ref 1

Ousley, Nicholas,
ref 1
,
ref 2

Padilla Manrique, Don Martin de,
ref 1

Paget, Lord Charles,
ref 1

Palavicino, Sir Horatio,
ref 1

Palmer, Edward,
ref 1

Paloma Blanca
(Spanish ship),
ref 1

Paris: revolt against Henri III,
ref 1

Parma, Alexander Farnese, Duke of: plans invasion of England,
ref 1
,
ref 2
; and post conquest government of England,
ref 1
; occupies Sluys,
ref 1
; supposed landing places in England,
ref 1
; Philip urges to invade England,
ref 1
; Santa
Cruz ordered to cover passage to England,
ref 1
; abortive peace negotiations with Elizabeth,
ref 1
; and Allen’s pamphlet attacking Elizabeth,
ref 1
; army strength,
ref 1
; builds and commandeers invasion barges,
ref 1
;
messages from Medina Sidonia,
ref 1
,
ref 2
,
ref 3
; money shortage,
ref 1
; om limitations of barges at sea,
ref 1
;
prepares proclamation for distribution in England,
ref 1
; problems of transport to England,
ref 1
; fails to contact Medina Sidonia,
ref 1
,
ref 2
,
ref 3
; Medina Sidonia requests pilots for Flemish coast,
ref 1
; English land forces oppose threat,
ref 1
; at Dunkirk,
ref 1
; and Armada’s arrival at Calais,
ref 1
; and Bourbourg peace talks,
ref 1
;
admits unreadiness to sail,
ref 1
; begins and completes embarkation,
ref 1
,
ref 2
; as continuing threat after Armada defeat,
ref 1
,
ref 2
,
ref 3
; embarkation reported to Elizabeth at Tilbury,
ref 1
; abandons invasion plans,
ref 1
,
ref 2
; renews fight against Dutch,
ref 1
; besieges Bergen-op-Zoom,
ref 1
,
ref 2
; mutual
blame with Medina Sidonia,
ref 1
; questioned in Madrid about invasion plans,
ref 1
; in French religious wars and death,
ref 1

Parry, William,
ref 1

Parsons, Richard,
ref 1

Patrona
(Spanish ship)
see Zúñiga

Paul, Stephen,
ref 1

Paulet, Sir Amyas,
ref 1

Peckham, Sir George,
ref 1

Pedrosa, Barnaby de,
ref 1

Pellegrini, Pompeo
see
Standen, Anthony

Penzance: bombarded by Spaniards,
ref 1

Peregrina
(Spanish ship),
ref 1

Persons, Fr Robert,
ref 1

Peruchio, Captain,
ref 1

Peterson, William,
ref 1

Philip II, King of Spain: marriage to Mary,
ref 1
,
ref 1
; and Elizabeth’s accession,
ref 1
; on
Mary’s death,
ref 1
; marries Elizabeth of Valois,
ref 1
; and Catholic rebellion in England (1569),
ref 1
; lacks information
of Armada’s fortunes,
ref 1
; English Catholics appeal to,
ref 1
; and proposed English Catholic colony in America,
ref 1
; plans
to invade England,
ref 1
,
ref 2
,
ref 3
,
ref 4
; puts price on Drake’s head,
ref 1
;
builds up fleet,
ref 1
; gout,
ref 1
,
ref 2
,
ref 3
; prepares Armada,
ref 1
; shocked by news
of execution of Mary Queen of Scots,
ref 1
; claim on English throne,
ref 1
,
ref 2
; financial difficulties,
ref 1
,
ref 2
; relations with Vatican,
ref 1
; Sixtus promises money to on condition of landing in England,
ref 1
,
ref 2
;
learns of Drake’s attack on Cadiz,
ref 1
; and Catholic victories in France,
ref 1
; badgers Santa Cruz to hasten preparations,
ref 1
,
ref 2
; and death of Santa Cruz,
ref 1
; ill health,
ref 1
; impatience at delay in departure of Armada,
ref 1
; seizes foreign ships for Armada,
ref 1
; expenditure on war,
ref 1
; refuses peace negotiations with England,
ref 1
;
final instructions to Medina Sidonia,
ref 1
; receives Medina Sidonia’s pessimistic message,
ref 1
; messages to Medina Sidonia,
ref 1
; Sixtus belittles,
ref 1
; borrows from Genoese bankers,
ref 1
; writes to Medina Sidonia on supposed victory,
ref 1
; on loss of Leyva,
ref 1
; told of Armada disaster,
ref 1
; reads Recalde’s journal,
ref 1
; reaction to
Armada catastrophe,
ref 1
; maintains antagonism towards England,
ref 1
,
ref 2
; England attacks treasure ships,
ref 1
; repairs and reinforces fleet after Armada,
ref 1
,
ref 2
,
ref 3
; later expeditions against England,
ref 1
; final illness and death,
ref 1

Philip III, King of Spain,
ref 1

Pilgrimage of Grace (1537),
ref 1
,
ref 2

Pimentel, Don Diego,
ref 1
,
ref 2

Pius V, Pope: excommunicates Elizabeth,
ref 1
,
ref 2
,
ref 3

Plunkett, Luke,
ref 1

Plymouth: Medina Sidonia declines to attack,
ref 1
; English fleet sails from,
ref 1
; English expedition against Spain sails from,
ref 1

Pole, Cardinal Richard, Archbishop of
Canterbury,
ref 1

portents and prophecies,
ref 1
,
ref 2
,
ref 3

Portsmouth: defences,
ref 1
,
ref 2

Portugal: annexed by Philip,
ref 1
; Drake attacks in expedition against Spain,
ref 1
; disaffection towards Philip,
ref 1
; English expedition to,
ref 1

Poyntz, Antony,
ref 1

Poza, Captain Juan,
ref 1

Prada, Andres de,
ref 1

Prayer Book (1552),
ref 1

Priego, army Captain Pedro,
ref 1

Privy Council: instructions to lords lieutenant,
ref 1
; attends thanksgiving service for victory,
ref 1
; and military unrest,
ref 1
; and Drake-Norris expedition to Spain and Portugal,
ref 1

Prouse, Captain,
ref 1

Quiroga y Vela, Gaspar de, Cardinal Archbishop of Toledo,
ref 1

Radcliffe, Sir Edward,
ref 1

Ragazona
(Venetian ship),
ref 1
,
ref 2
,
ref 3

Rainbow
(English ship),
ref 1
,
ref 2
,
ref 3

Raleigh, Sir Walter: opposes pre-emptive strike against Spain,
ref 1
; criticises Portsmouth defences,
ref 1
; reports Catholic malcontents
in Devon,
ref 1

Rata Santa María Encoronada
(Spanish ship),
ref 1
,
ref 2
,
ref 3
,
ref 4
,
ref 5
,
ref 6
,
ref 7
,
ref 8

Recalde, Admiral Juan Martinez de: Drake seeks at sea,
ref 1
; in Philip’s council of war,
ref 1
; recommends finding safe harbour in
England,
ref 1
; urges Medina Sidonia to blockade Plymouth,
ref 1
; position in
lunula
,
ref 1
,
ref 2
;
engages English ships,
ref 1
,
ref 2
,
ref 3
,
ref 4
; and English fireships’ attack at Calais,
ref 1
; on homeward voyage,
ref 1
; lands in Ireland,
ref 1
; death in Spain,
ref 1
; sends journal to Philip,
ref 1

Regiomontanus of Königsburg,
ref 1

Renard, Simon,
ref 1
,
ref 2

Revenge
(Drake’s flagship),
ref 1
,
ref 2
,
ref 3
,
ref 4
,
ref 5
,
ref 6
,
ref 7
,
ref 8

Ribadeneira, Pedro de, SJ,
ref 1

Richmond, Henry Fitzroy, Duke of,
ref 1

Ridolphi, Roberto,
ref 1

Roebuck
(English privateer),
ref 1

Rogers, Richard,
ref 1

Rogers, Thomas (alias Nicholas Berden),
ref 1

Sadler, Sir Ralph,
ref 1
,
ref 2
,
ref 3

St Bartholomew Day massacre (France, 1572),
ref 1

Saltonstall, Richard,
ref 1

San Antonio de Padua
(Spanish ship),
ref 1

San Cristobal
(Spanish ship),
ref 1

San Esteban
(Spanish ship),
ref 1

San Felipe
(Portuguese carrack),
ref 1
,
ref 2
,
ref 3
,
ref 4

San Francisco de Florencia
(Spanish ship),
ref 1
,
ref 2
,
ref 3

San Giuseppe, Colonel Sebastiano di,
ref 1
,
ref 2

San Juan Bautista
(Spanish ship),
ref 1
,
ref 2
,
ref 3
,
ref 4
,
ref 5

San Juan de Castilla
(Spanish ship),
ref 1

San Juan de Portugal
(Spanish ship),
ref 1
,
ref 2
,
ref 3
,
ref 4
,
ref 5
,
ref 6

San Juan de Sicilia
(Spanish ship),
ref 1
,
ref 2
,
ref 3
,
ref 4

San Juan de Ulúa, Mexico,
ref 1

San Lorenzo
(Spanish galleass),
ref 1
,
ref 2
,
ref 3
,
ref 4
,
ref 5
,
ref 6
,
ref 7

San Luis de Portugal
(Portuguese ship),
ref 1
,
ref 2
,
ref 3

San Luis
(Spanish ship),
ref 1
,
ref 2

San Marcos
(Spanish ship),
ref 1
,
ref 2
,
ref 3
,
ref 4
,
ref 5

San Martin
(Spanish flagship): signals departure,
ref 1
; at Corunna,
ref 1
,
ref 2
; Medina Sidonia holds
councils of war on,
ref 1
,
ref 2
; engages English ships,
ref 1
,
ref 2
,
ref 3
,
ref 4
; at Calais,
ref 1
; escapes fireships’ attack,
ref 1
; re-forms fleet,
ref 1
; in battle of Gravelines,
ref 1
,
ref 2
; off Flanders
coast, 169; arrives in Santander,
ref 1

San Mateo
(Spanish ship),
ref 1
,
ref 2
,
ref 3
,
ref 4
,
ref 5
,
ref 6
,
ref 7

San Nicholas Prodaneli
(Spanish ship),
ref 1

San Pedro
(Spanish ship),
ref 1
,
ref 2

San Pedro el Mayor
(Spanish hospital ship),
ref 1

San Pedro Menor
(Spanish ship),
ref 1

San Salvador
(Spanish hulk),
ref 1
,
ref 2
,
ref 3

San Salvador
(Spanish transport ship): sails,
ref 1
,
ref 2
; blows up,
ref 1
,
ref 2
;
abandoned and captured,
ref 1

Sanders, Fr Nicholas,
ref 1

Santa Ana
(Spanish ship),
ref 1
,
ref 2
,
ref 3
,
ref 4
,
ref 5
,
ref 6
,
ref 7

Santa Barbara
(Spanish ship),
ref 1
,
ref 2