The Sword And The Olive (70 page)
Read The Sword And The Olive Online
Authors: Martin van Creveld
12
What little is known about the
nodedot
is summarized in M. Pail,
Min Ha-hagana Li-Tsva Hagana
[From Hagana to IDF] (Tel Aviv: Zmora Bitan, 1979), p. 133 ff.
What little is known about the
nodedot
is summarized in M. Pail,
Min Ha-hagana Li-Tsva Hagana
[From Hagana to IDF] (Tel Aviv: Zmora Bitan, 1979), p. 133 ff.
13
See on this entire question A. Shapira,
Cherev Ha-yona
[The Dove’s Sword] (Tel Aviv: Am Oved, 1992), p. 156 ff.
See on this entire question A. Shapira,
Cherev Ha-yona
[The Dove’s Sword] (Tel Aviv: Am Oved, 1992), p. 156 ff.
14
Th. Herzl,
Old-New Land
(New York: Bloch, 1960 [1898]), p. 116.
Th. Herzl,
Old-New Land
(New York: Bloch, 1960 [1898]), p. 116.
15
E.g., Sh. Yavnieli,
Bi-yme Ha-keev
[In the Days of Pain],
Igeret
(May 1921); Y. Aharonovitsh,
Le-achar Ha-praot
[After the Pogroms],
Ha-poel Ha-tsair
(May 13, 1921).
E.g., Sh. Yavnieli,
Bi-yme Ha-keev
[In the Days of Pain],
Igeret
(May 1921); Y. Aharonovitsh,
Le-achar Ha-praot
[After the Pogroms],
Ha-poel Ha-tsair
(May 13, 1921).
16
E.g., Y. Brenner,
Mi
-
Pinkas
[From the Notebook],
Kontras
(April 1921); D. Ben Gurion,
Anachnu Ve-shchenenu
[We and Our Neighbors] (Tel Aviv: Davar, 1931), p. 61. For a low-level English-language exposition of the same idea see D. Duff,
Palestine Picture
(London: Hodder and Stoughton, 1936), p. 295 ff.
E.g., Y. Brenner,
Mi
-
Pinkas
[From the Notebook],
Kontras
(April 1921); D. Ben Gurion,
Anachnu Ve-shchenenu
[We and Our Neighbors] (Tel Aviv: Davar, 1931), p. 61. For a low-level English-language exposition of the same idea see D. Duff,
Palestine Picture
(London: Hodder and Stoughton, 1936), p. 295 ff.
17
The Sheik’s story is told in Ch. Knaan,
Be-enei Shoter Palestinai
[Through the Eyes of a Palestinian Policeman] (Tel Aviv: Masada, 1980), pp. 7-32.
The Sheik’s story is told in Ch. Knaan,
Be-enei Shoter Palestinai
[Through the Eyes of a Palestinian Policeman] (Tel Aviv: Masada, 1980), pp. 7-32.
18
On the beginning of the uprising see Ts. El-Peleg,
“
Ha-mered Ha-aravi, Hearot Mashlimot” [The Arab Uprising: Supplementary Remarks], in Ministry of Defense, ed.,
Tsva Ha-medina Ba-derech
[Army on the Way to the State] (Tel Aviv: Ministry of Defense, 1988), p. 106 ff.
On the beginning of the uprising see Ts. El-Peleg,
“
Ha-mered Ha-aravi, Hearot Mashlimot” [The Arab Uprising: Supplementary Remarks], in Ministry of Defense, ed.,
Tsva Ha-medina Ba-derech
[Army on the Way to the State] (Tel Aviv: Ministry of Defense, 1988), p. 106 ff.
19
Based on Knaan,
Be-enei Shoter Palestinai
, p. 79 ff., which constitutes an eyewitness account.
Based on Knaan,
Be-enei Shoter Palestinai
, p. 79 ff., which constitutes an eyewitness account.
20
The best source for Kauji’s activities is E. Danin, ed.,
Ha-knufiot Ha-araviot Bi-Meoraot 1936-1939
[The Arab Gangs in the Events of 1936-1939] (Jerusalem: Magnes, 1981), pp. 1-8.
The best source for Kauji’s activities is E. Danin, ed.,
Ha-knufiot Ha-araviot Bi-Meoraot 1936-1939
[The Arab Gangs in the Events of 1936-1939] (Jerusalem: Magnes, 1981), pp. 1-8.
21
Figures on casualties may be found in W. Khalidi, ed.,
From Haven to Conquest: Readings in Zionism and the Palestine Problem Until 1948
(Beirut: Institute for Palestine Studies, 1971), app. 4, pp. 846-849.
Figures on casualties may be found in W. Khalidi, ed.,
From Haven to Conquest: Readings in Zionism and the Palestine Problem Until 1948
(Beirut: Institute for Palestine Studies, 1971), app. 4, pp. 846-849.
22
Data from S. Slutski,
Kitsur Toldot Ha-hagana
[Concise History of Hagana] (Tel Aviv: Ministry of Defense, 1986), p. 181.
Data from S. Slutski,
Kitsur Toldot Ha-hagana
[Concise History of Hagana] (Tel Aviv: Ministry of Defense, 1986), p. 181.
23
Y. Avidar,
Ba-derech Le-TSAHAL
[On the Way to TSAHAL] (Tel Aviv: Maarachot, 1970), p. 115.
Y. Avidar,
Ba-derech Le-TSAHAL
[On the Way to TSAHAL] (Tel Aviv: Maarachot, 1970), p. 115.
24
A convenient account of British-Jewish military cooperation during this time was written by Ben Gurion and published in
Jewish Observer and the Middle East Review
(September 20, 1963): 13-14.
A convenient account of British-Jewish military cooperation during this time was written by Ben Gurion and published in
Jewish Observer and the Middle East Review
(September 20, 1963): 13-14.
25
An English translation of his article, “Our Friend: What Wingate Did for Us” (1963), may be found in Khalidi,
From Haven to Conquest,
pp. 382-388.
An English translation of his article, “Our Friend: What Wingate Did for Us” (1963), may be found in Khalidi,
From Haven to Conquest,
pp. 382-388.
26
See the colorful account in L. Mosley,
Gideon Goes to War
(London: Barker, 1955), pp. 55-64.
See the colorful account in L. Mosley,
Gideon Goes to War
(London: Barker, 1955), pp. 55-64.
27
Details on Sadeh’s life to this point may be found in Ts. Dror,
Matsbi Le-lo Srara: Sipur-Chayav shel Yitschak Sadeh
(Commander Without Power: The Life of Yitschak Sadeh] (Tel Aviv: Ha-kibbuts Ha-meuchad, 1996), pp. 1-124.
Details on Sadeh’s life to this point may be found in Ts. Dror,
Matsbi Le-lo Srara: Sipur-Chayav shel Yitschak Sadeh
(Commander Without Power: The Life of Yitschak Sadeh] (Tel Aviv: Ha-kibbuts Ha-meuchad, 1996), pp. 1-124.
28
Abdu testimony, Hagana Archive, No. 1829.
Abdu testimony, Hagana Archive, No. 1829.
29
The decision is printed in Khalidi,
From Haven to Conquest
, pp. 331-333.
The decision is printed in Khalidi,
From Haven to Conquest
, pp. 331-333.
30
Cf. figures in Asaf,
Ha-yechasim ben Yehudim Le-aravim
, p. 216.
Cf. figures in Asaf,
Ha-yechasim ben Yehudim Le-aravim
, p. 216.
31
Y. Horowitz,
Ma Chidesh Ha-FOSH,
p. 25.
Y. Horowitz,
Ma Chidesh Ha-FOSH,
p. 25.
32
Cf. ibid., pp. 164-165; also Pail,
Min Ha-hagana Li-tsva Hagana
, pp. 154-160.
Cf. ibid., pp. 164-165; also Pail,
Min Ha-hagana Li-tsva Hagana
, pp. 154-160.
33
There is a list of its operations in Pail,
Min Ha-hagana Li-tsva Hagana
, pp. 176-177.
There is a list of its operations in Pail,
Min Ha-hagana Li-tsva Hagana
, pp. 176-177.
34
An account of the
Patria
episode may be found in M. Merdor,
Shlichut Aluma: Pirke Mivtsaim Meyuchadim Be-maarchot Ha-hagana
[Secret Mission: Special Operations in the History of Hagana] (Tel Aviv: Maarachot, 1957), pp. 23-25.
An account of the
Patria
episode may be found in M. Merdor,
Shlichut Aluma: Pirke Mivtsaim Meyuchadim Be-maarchot Ha-hagana
[Secret Mission: Special Operations in the History of Hagana] (Tel Aviv: Maarachot, 1957), pp. 23-25.
35
For the importance of this episode in Dayan’s own life see S. Teveth,
Moshe Dayan: The Soldier, the Man, the Legend
(London: Quartet, 1972), chap. 8.
For the importance of this episode in Dayan’s own life see S. Teveth,
Moshe Dayan: The Soldier, the Man, the Legend
(London: Quartet, 1972), chap. 8.
36
For this and other attempts to curtail Hagana see Slutski,
Kitsur Toldot Ha-hagana
, pp. 297-300.
For this and other attempts to curtail Hagana see Slutski,
Kitsur Toldot Ha-hagana
, pp. 297-300.
37
Cf. Y. Avigur,
Ba-derech Le-TSAHAL: Zichronot
[Memoirs on the Road to TSAHAL] (Tel Aviv: Maarachot, 1970), pp. 154-155.
Cf. Y. Avigur,
Ba-derech Le-TSAHAL: Zichronot
[Memoirs on the Road to TSAHAL] (Tel Aviv: Maarachot, 1970), pp. 154-155.
38
Figures from Ben Gurion,
Jewish Observer and Middle East Review
(September 27, 1963): 17-18.
CHAPTER 4Figures from Ben Gurion,
Jewish Observer and Middle East Review
(September 27, 1963): 17-18.
1
The episode is described in Y. Sadeh, “Im Zecher Ha-sira: Ech Naflu Giborim” [In Memory of the Boat: How Heroes Fell],
Maarachot
33:4 (May 1946); also D. Hacohen,
Et Le-saper
[A Time to Tell] (Tel Aviv: Am Oved, 1974), pp. 165-174.
The episode is described in Y. Sadeh, “Im Zecher Ha-sira: Ech Naflu Giborim” [In Memory of the Boat: How Heroes Fell],
Maarachot
33:4 (May 1946); also D. Hacohen,
Et Le-saper
[A Time to Tell] (Tel Aviv: Am Oved, 1974), pp. 165-174.
2
On this episode see S. Teveth,
Moshe Dayan: The Soldier, the Man, the Legend
(London: Quartet, 1972), p. 137 ff.; also G. Warner,
Iraq and Syria, 1941
(London: Davis-Poynter, 1974), chap. 5.
On this episode see S. Teveth,
Moshe Dayan: The Soldier, the Man, the Legend
(London: Quartet, 1972), p. 137 ff.; also G. Warner,
Iraq and Syria, 1941
(London: Davis-Poynter, 1974), chap. 5.
3
The precise figures were: training: 9 days per month; work: 13.6 days; leave and sickness: 2.6 days; total: 25.2, Saturdays excluded. A day’s labor was valued at 0.5 Palestinian pounds, the PALMACHniks’ maintenance budget stood at rather less than 7 pounds per month—paltry even by the standards of those days. U. Brenner,
Le-tsava Yehudi Atsmai: Ha-kibbuts Ha-meuchad Ba-hagana 1939-1945
[Toward an Independent Jewish Army: The United
Kibbuts
Movement in Defense 1939-1945] (Efal: Yad Tabenkin, 1985), p. 148.
The precise figures were: training: 9 days per month; work: 13.6 days; leave and sickness: 2.6 days; total: 25.2, Saturdays excluded. A day’s labor was valued at 0.5 Palestinian pounds, the PALMACHniks’ maintenance budget stood at rather less than 7 pounds per month—paltry even by the standards of those days. U. Brenner,
Le-tsava Yehudi Atsmai: Ha-kibbuts Ha-meuchad Ba-hagana 1939-1945
[Toward an Independent Jewish Army: The United
Kibbuts
Movement in Defense 1939-1945] (Efal: Yad Tabenkin, 1985), p. 148.
4
U. Narkis,
Chayal shel Yerushalayim
[A Soldier for Jerusalem] (Tel Aviv: Ministry of Defense, 1991), p. 52.
U. Narkis,
Chayal shel Yerushalayim
[A Soldier for Jerusalem] (Tel Aviv: Ministry of Defense, 1991), p. 52.
5
The best recent work on PALMACH ideology is A. Kadish,
La-meshek Ve-la-neshek
[To Farms and Arms] (Tel Aviv: Tag, 1995), particularly chap. 7.
The best recent work on PALMACH ideology is A. Kadish,
La-meshek Ve-la-neshek
[To Farms and Arms] (Tel Aviv: Tag, 1995), particularly chap. 7.
6
Ts. Dror,
Matsbi Le-lo Srara: Sipur-Chayav shel Yitschak Sadeh
(Commander Without Power: The Life of Yitschak Sadeh] (Tel Aviv: Ha-kibbuts Ha-meuchad, 1996), p. 210.
Ts. Dror,
Matsbi Le-lo Srara: Sipur-Chayav shel Yitschak Sadeh
(Commander Without Power: The Life of Yitschak Sadeh] (Tel Aviv: Ha-kibbuts Ha-meuchad, 1996), p. 210.
7
The best source for the plan is U. Brenner,
Le-nochach Iyum Ha-plisha Ha-germanit Leerets Yisrael, 1940-1942
[Confronting the Menace of a German Invasion of Palestine, 1940-1942] (Efal: Yad Tabenkin, 1985).
The best source for the plan is U. Brenner,
Le-nochach Iyum Ha-plisha Ha-germanit Leerets Yisrael, 1940-1942
[Confronting the Menace of a German Invasion of Palestine, 1940-1942] (Efal: Yad Tabenkin, 1985).
8
Dror,
Matsbi Le-lo Srara
, p. 214; Ch. Knaan,
Matayim Yeme Charada
[Two Hundred Days of Fear] (Tel Aviv: Art, 1975), pp. 245-247.
Dror,
Matsbi Le-lo Srara
, p. 214; Ch. Knaan,
Matayim Yeme Charada
[Two Hundred Days of Fear] (Tel Aviv: Art, 1975), pp. 245-247.
9
Y. Gelber, “Ha-mediniyut Ha-britit Ve-hatsiyonit, 1942-1944” [British and Zionist Policy, 1942-1944],
Ha-tsiyonut
7 (1981): 335 ff.
Y. Gelber, “Ha-mediniyut Ha-britit Ve-hatsiyonit, 1942-1944” [British and Zionist Policy, 1942-1944],
Ha-tsiyonut
7 (1981): 335 ff.
10
S. Slutski,
Kitsur Toldot Ha-hagana
[Concise History of Hagana] (Tel Aviv: Ministry of Defense, 1986), p. 304.
S. Slutski,
Kitsur Toldot Ha-hagana
[Concise History of Hagana] (Tel Aviv: Ministry of Defense, 1986), p. 304.
11
H. Gofer,
Ha-mishmar al Ha-chof
[The Guard on the Shore] (Tel Aviv: TAG, 1995).
H. Gofer,
Ha-mishmar al Ha-chof
[The Guard on the Shore] (Tel Aviv: TAG, 1995).
12
For a breakdown of those who served in the various forces see ibid., p. 376.
For a breakdown of those who served in the various forces see ibid., p. 376.
13
For the attempts to set up a Jewish brigade and the authorities’ attempts to frustrate them, see Y. Gelber, “Mekomah shel Ha-hitnadvut La-tsava Ha-briti Ba-mediniyut Hatsiyonit, 1939-1942” [The Role of the Volunteer Movement to the British Army in Zionist Policy, 1939-1942] (Ph.D. thesis, Haifa University, 1977).
For the attempts to set up a Jewish brigade and the authorities’ attempts to frustrate them, see Y. Gelber, “Mekomah shel Ha-hitnadvut La-tsava Ha-briti Ba-mediniyut Hatsiyonit, 1939-1942” [The Role of the Volunteer Movement to the British Army in Zionist Policy, 1939-1942] (Ph.D. thesis, Haifa University, 1977).
14
The differences are discussed in U. Ben Eliezer,
Derech Ha-kavenet: Hivatsruto shel Ha-militarizm Ha-yisraeli, 1936-1956
[Through the Gunsight: The Emergence of Israeli Militarism, 1936-1956] (Tel Aviv: Dvir, 1995), p. 117 ff.
The differences are discussed in U. Ben Eliezer,
Derech Ha-kavenet: Hivatsruto shel Ha-militarizm Ha-yisraeli, 1936-1956
[Through the Gunsight: The Emergence of Israeli Militarism, 1936-1956] (Tel Aviv: Dvir, 1995), p. 117 ff.
15
M. Dayan,
Avnei Derech
[Memoirs] (Tel Aviv: Dvir, 1976), p. 39.
M. Dayan,
Avnei Derech
[Memoirs] (Tel Aviv: Dvir, 1976), p. 39.
16
A. Koestler,
Thieves in the Night
:
Chronicle of an Experiment
(New York: MacMillan, 1946), p. 152. The full quote runs: “These stumpy, dumpy girls with their rather coarse features, big buttocks and heavy breasts, psychically precocious, mentally retarded, over ripe and immature at the same time; and these raw, arse-slapping youngsters, callow, dumb and heavy, with their aggressive laughter and unmodulated voices.”
A. Koestler,
Thieves in the Night
:
Chronicle of an Experiment
(New York: MacMillan, 1946), p. 152. The full quote runs: “These stumpy, dumpy girls with their rather coarse features, big buttocks and heavy breasts, psychically precocious, mentally retarded, over ripe and immature at the same time; and these raw, arse-slapping youngsters, callow, dumb and heavy, with their aggressive laughter and unmodulated voices.”
17
M. Naor,
Laskov: Lochem, Adam, Chaver
[Laskov: The Soldier, the Man, the Friend] (Jerusalem: Keter, 1988), p. 128.
M. Naor,
Laskov: Lochem, Adam, Chaver
[Laskov: The Soldier, the Man, the Friend] (Jerusalem: Keter, 1988), p. 128.
18
The 1939 figures: investment: 14,475 pounds; employees: 25; production 5,508 pounds. The 1944 figures: 97,500 pounds; employees: 140; production: 32,577 pounds. Source: Y. Evron,
Ha-Taasiya Ha-bitchonit
[The Defense Industries] (Tel Aviv: Ministry of Defense, 1980), pp. 61-62.
The 1939 figures: investment: 14,475 pounds; employees: 25; production 5,508 pounds. The 1944 figures: 97,500 pounds; employees: 140; production: 32,577 pounds. Source: Y. Evron,
Ha-Taasiya Ha-bitchonit
[The Defense Industries] (Tel Aviv: Ministry of Defense, 1980), pp. 61-62.
19
U. Milstein,
Toldot Milchemet Ha-atsmaut
[The War of Independence] (Tel Aviv: Zmora Bitan, 1989), vol. 1, p. 232.
U. Milstein,
Toldot Milchemet Ha-atsmaut
[The War of Independence] (Tel Aviv: Zmora Bitan, 1989), vol. 1, p. 232.
20
Slutski,
Kitsur Toldot Ha-hagana
, p. 463.
Slutski,
Kitsur Toldot Ha-hagana
, p. 463.
21
Y. Arnon-Ochana, “Ha-machane Ha-aravi Bi-meoraot 1936-1939” [The Arabs During the Events of 1936-1939], in Ministry of Defense, ed.,
Tsva Ha-medina Ba-derech
[Army on the Way to the State] (Tel Aviv: Ministry of Defense, 1988), pp. 96-105.
Y. Arnon-Ochana, “Ha-machane Ha-aravi Bi-meoraot 1936-1939” [The Arabs During the Events of 1936-1939], in Ministry of Defense, ed.,
Tsva Ha-medina Ba-derech
[Army on the Way to the State] (Tel Aviv: Ministry of Defense, 1988), pp. 96-105.
22
These operations are described in detail in Y. Avidar,
Ba-derech Le-TSAHAL
[On the Way to TSAHAL] (Tel Aviv: Maarachot, 1970), pp. 115., 233-237.
These operations are described in detail in Y. Avidar,
Ba-derech Le-TSAHAL
[On the Way to TSAHAL] (Tel Aviv: Maarachot, 1970), pp. 115., 233-237.
23
Cf. above all L. Pyenson,
Civilizing Mission: Exact Science and French Expansion, 1870-1940
(Baltimore: Johns Hopkins University Press, 1993).
Cf. above all L. Pyenson,
Civilizing Mission: Exact Science and French Expansion, 1870-1940
(Baltimore: Johns Hopkins University Press, 1993).
24
For Jabotinsky’s views see R. Bilski-Ben Hur,
Every Individual a King: The Social and Political Thought of Zeev Vladimir Jabotinsky
(Washington, D.C.: Bnai Brith, 1993), p. 111 ff. (the Arab question), pp. 46 ff. and 214 ff. (militarism).
For Jabotinsky’s views see R. Bilski-Ben Hur,
Every Individual a King: The Social and Political Thought of Zeev Vladimir Jabotinsky
(Washington, D.C.: Bnai Brith, 1993), p. 111 ff. (the Arab question), pp. 46 ff. and 214 ff. (militarism).
25
Lecture by Dr. Y. Eldad, Tel Aviv, September 1, 1989 (eyewitness account).
Lecture by Dr. Y. Eldad, Tel Aviv, September 1, 1989 (eyewitness account).
26
Cf. J. Heller,
The Stern Gang: Ideology, Politics, and Terror, 1940-1949
(London: Frank Cass, 1993), particularly pp. 289-296.
Cf. J. Heller,
The Stern Gang: Ideology, Politics, and Terror, 1940-1949
(London: Frank Cass, 1993), particularly pp. 289-296.
27
On the so-called season see Y. Bauer,
Diplomatya U-Machteret Ba-mediniyut Hatsiyonit, 1939-1945
[Diplomacy and Underground in Zionism, 1939-1945] (Tel Aviv: Sifriyat Ha-poalim, 1966), pp. 275-283.
On the so-called season see Y. Bauer,
Diplomatya U-Machteret Ba-mediniyut Hatsiyonit, 1939-1945
[Diplomacy and Underground in Zionism, 1939-1945] (Tel Aviv: Sifriyat Ha-poalim, 1966), pp. 275-283.
28
R. Crossman,
Palestine Mission
(London: Hamilton, 1947), p. 139.
R. Crossman,
Palestine Mission
(London: Hamilton, 1947), p. 139.
29
For the debates that led Hagana in particular to follow this policy see J. Heller, “‘Neither Masada nor Vichy’: Diplomacy and Resistance in Zionist Politics, 1945-1947,”
The International Historical Review
3:4 (October 1981): 517-539.
For the debates that led Hagana in particular to follow this policy see J. Heller, “‘Neither Masada nor Vichy’: Diplomacy and Resistance in Zionist Politics, 1945-1947,”
The International Historical Review
3:4 (October 1981): 517-539.
30
D. A. Charters,
The British Army and the Jewish Insurgency in Palestine, 1945-1947
(London: MacMillan, 1989), p. 196.
D. A. Charters,
The British Army and the Jewish Insurgency in Palestine, 1945-1947
(London: MacMillan, 1989), p. 196.
31
A. Dankner,
Dan Ben Amots, Biographia
[Dan Ben Amots—a Biography] (Jerusalem: Keter, 1992), pp. 92, 98. Dan Ben Amots was a PALYAM member who later became a well-known journalist and satirist.
A. Dankner,
Dan Ben Amots, Biographia
[Dan Ben Amots—a Biography] (Jerusalem: Keter, 1992), pp. 92, 98. Dan Ben Amots was a PALYAM member who later became a well-known journalist and satirist.
32
A detailed analysis of the attempts at illegal immigration, and their interception by the British, is presented in N. Bogner,
Sfinot Ha-meri
[The Ships of the Revolt] (Efal: Yad Tabenkin, 1993).
A detailed analysis of the attempts at illegal immigration, and their interception by the British, is presented in N. Bogner,
Sfinot Ha-meri
[The Ships of the Revolt] (Efal: Yad Tabenkin, 1993).
33
The Star
, September 8, 1947, p. 11;
The Daily Telegraph
, September 8, 1947, p. 12; and
The News Chronicle
, September 8, 1947, pp. 1 and 7.
The Star
, September 8, 1947, p. 11;
The Daily Telegraph
, September 8, 1947, p. 12; and
The News Chronicle
, September 8, 1947, pp. 1 and 7.
34
Hagana’s activities in Cyprus are described in N. Bogner, “Shurot Ha-meginim” [The Defenders], in G. Rivlin, ed.,
Ale-Zayit Ve-cherev: Mekorot U-mechkarim Be-ginze Ha-hagana
[Olive Leaves and Sword: Sources and Studies in the Hagana Archives] (Tel Aviv: Ministry of Defense, 1990), pp. 177-205.
Hagana’s activities in Cyprus are described in N. Bogner, “Shurot Ha-meginim” [The Defenders], in G. Rivlin, ed.,
Ale-Zayit Ve-cherev: Mekorot U-mechkarim Be-ginze Ha-hagana
[Olive Leaves and Sword: Sources and Studies in the Hagana Archives] (Tel Aviv: Ministry of Defense, 1990), pp. 177-205.
35
For a breakdown see H. Lebenberg,
The Military Preparations of the Arab Community in Palestine, 1945-1948
(London: Cass, 1993), p. 94.
For a breakdown see H. Lebenberg,
The Military Preparations of the Arab Community in Palestine, 1945-1948
(London: Cass, 1993), p. 94.
36
Cf. L. James,
Imperial Rearguard: Wars of Empire, 1919-1985
(London: Brassey’s, 1988), p. 94.
Cf. L. James,
Imperial Rearguard: Wars of Empire, 1919-1985
(London: Brassey’s, 1988), p. 94.
37
A. Horne,
A Savage War for Peace
(London: MacMillan, 1979), p. 566.
A. Horne,
A Savage War for Peace
(London: MacMillan, 1979), p. 566.
38
Field Marshal John Dill, Chief of the General Staff, 1941, quoted in James,
Imperial Rearguard
, p. 96.
Field Marshal John Dill, Chief of the General Staff, 1941, quoted in James,
Imperial Rearguard
, p. 96.
39
Cf. R. D. Wilson,
Cordon and Search: With 6th Airborne Division in Palestine
(Aldershot: Gale and Polden, 1949), app. K, pp. 230-246.
Cf. R. D. Wilson,
Cordon and Search: With 6th Airborne Division in Palestine
(Aldershot: Gale and Polden, 1949), app. K, pp. 230-246.
40
Charters,
The British Army
, p. 87.
Charters,
The British Army
, p. 87.
41
Field Marshal Montgomery to General Dempsey, Commander, British Forces, Middle East, June 27, 1946, quoted in A. Nachmani, “Generals at Bay in Post-War Palestine,”
Journal of Strategic Studies
4:6 (December 1983): 68.
Field Marshal Montgomery to General Dempsey, Commander, British Forces, Middle East, June 27, 1946, quoted in A. Nachmani, “Generals at Bay in Post-War Palestine,”
Journal of Strategic Studies
4:6 (December 1983): 68.
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