The Trials of Phillis Wheatley (8 page)
Read The Trials of Phillis Wheatley Online
Authors: Henry Louis Gates
Holly, Joseph C. “American SlaveryâIts Effects upon the Rights and Interests of the North.”
The Black Abolitionist Papers
. Vol. 4. Chapel
Hill: University of North Carolina Press, 1991. 18-26.
The Black Abolitionist Papers
. Vol. 4. Chapel
Hill: University of North Carolina Press, 1991. 18-26.
Huggins, Nathan.
Harlem Renaissance
. New York: Oxford University Press, 1971.
Harlem Renaissance
. New York: Oxford University Press, 1971.
Hume, David. “Of National Characters.”
The Philosophical Works of David Hume
. Vol. 111. Boston: Little, Brown and Company, 1854. 217-36.
The Philosophical Works of David Hume
. Vol. 111. Boston: Little, Brown and Company, 1854. 217-36.
Isani, Mukhtar Ali. “The British Reception of Wheatley's Poems on Various Subjects.”
Journal of Negro History
66 (Summer 1981): 144-49.
Journal of Negro History
66 (Summer 1981): 144-49.
______. “Early Versions of Some Works of Phillis Wheatley.”
Early American Literature
14 (1979): 149-55.
Early American Literature
14 (1979): 149-55.
______. “âAn Elegy on Leavingâ': A New Poem by Phillis Wheatley.”
American Literature
58.4 (December 1986): 609-13.
American Literature
58.4 (December 1986): 609-13.
______. “The First Proposed Edition of Poems on Various Subjects and the Phillis Wheatley Canon.”
American Literature
49 (1977): 97-103.
American Literature
49 (1977): 97-103.
______. “âGambia on My Soul': Africa and the African in the Writings of Phillis Wheatley.”
MELUS: The Journal of the Society for the Study of Multi-Ethnic Literature of the United States
6 (1979): 64-72.
MELUS: The Journal of the Society for the Study of Multi-Ethnic Literature of the United States
6 (1979): 64-72.
______. “The Methodist Connection: New Variants on Some Phillis Wheatley Poems.”
Early American Literature
22.1 (Spring 1987): 108-13.
Early American Literature
22.1 (Spring 1987): 108-13.
______. “âOn the Death of General Wooster': An Unpublished Poem by Phillis Wheatley.”
Modern Philology
77 (1980): 306-9.
Modern Philology
77 (1980): 306-9.
______. “Phillis Wheatley and the Elegiac Mode.” Robinson,
Critical Essays
208-14.
Critical Essays
208-14.
______. “Phillis Wheatley in London: An Unpublished Letter to David Wooster.”
American Literature
51 (1979): 255-60.
American Literature
51 (1979): 255-60.
Jackson, Sarah Dunlap. “Letters of Phillis Wheatley and Susanna Wheatley.”
Journal of Negro History
58 (April 1972): 212.
Journal of Negro History
58 (April 1972): 212.
Jamison, Angelene. “Analysis of Selected Poetry of Phillis Wheatley.”
Journal of Negro Education
43.3 (1974): 408-16.
Journal of Negro Education
43.3 (1974): 408-16.
Jefferson, Thomas.
Notes on the State of Virginia
. Ed. and introd. Frank Shuffleton. New York: Penguin Books, 1999.
Notes on the State of Virginia
. Ed. and introd. Frank Shuffleton. New York: Penguin Books, 1999.
______. “Thoughts on English Prosody.”
The Writings of Thomas Jefferson
. Vol. XVIII. Eds. Andrew A. Lipscomb and Albert Ellery Bergh. Washington, D.C.: Thomas Jefferson Memorial Association of the United States, 1907. 414-51.
The Writings of Thomas Jefferson
. Vol. XVIII. Eds. Andrew A. Lipscomb and Albert Ellery Bergh. Washington, D.C.: Thomas Jefferson Memorial Association of the United States, 1907. 414-51.
Jennings, Regina. “African Sun Imagery in the Poetry of Phillis Wheatley.”
Pennsylvania English
22.1-2 (Fall-Spring 2000): 68-76.
Pennsylvania English
22.1-2 (Fall-Spring 2000): 68-76.
Johnson, Barbara E. “Euphemism, Understatement, and the Passive Voice: A Genealogy of Afro-American Poetry.”
Reading Black, Reading Feminist: A Critical Anthology
. Ed. Henry Louis Gates, Jr. New York: Meridian, 1990. 204-11.
Reading Black, Reading Feminist: A Critical Anthology
. Ed. Henry Louis Gates, Jr. New York: Meridian, 1990. 204-11.
Johnson, James Weldon, ed.
The Book of American Negro Poetry
. New York: Harcourt, Brace and Company, 1931.
The Book of American Negro Poetry
. New York: Harcourt, Brace and Company, 1931.
Jones, LeRoi. “The Myth of a âNegro Literature.'” Gayle,
Black Expression
190-91.
Black Expression
190-91.
Jordan, June. “The Difficult Miracle of Black Poetry in America; Or, Something Like a Sonnet for Phillis Wheatley.”
Massachusetts Review
27.2 (Summer 1986): 252-62.
Massachusetts Review
27.2 (Summer 1986): 252-62.
Jordan, Winthrop.
White Over Black: American Racial Attitudes to the Negro, 1550-1812
. Chapel Hill: University of North Carolina Press, 1967.
White Over Black: American Racial Attitudes to the Negro, 1550-1812
. Chapel Hill: University of North Carolina Press, 1967.
Kallen, Horace M. “The Arts and Thomas Jefferson.”
Ethics
LIII (July 1943): 269-83.
Ethics
LIII (July 1943): 269-83.
Kant, Immanuel.
Observations on the Feeling of the Beautiful and the Sublime
. Trans. T. Goldthwait. Berkeley: University of California Press, 1981.
Observations on the Feeling of the Beautiful and the Sublime
. Trans. T. Goldthwait. Berkeley: University of California Press, 1981.
Kaplan, Lawrence S.
Jefferson and France: An Essay on Politics and Political Ideas
. New Haven, CT: Yale University Press, 1967.
Jefferson and France: An Essay on Politics and Political Ideas
. New Haven, CT: Yale University Press, 1967.
Kaplan, Sidney. “Phillis Wheatley.”
The Black Presence in the Era of the American Revolution, 1770-1800
. Greenwich, CT: New York Graphic Society, 1973. 150-70.
The Black Presence in the Era of the American Revolution, 1770-1800
. Greenwich, CT: New York Graphic Society, 1973. 150-70.
Kendrick, Robert. “Other Questions: Phillis Wheatley and the Ethics of Interpretation.”
Cultural Critique
38 (1998): 39-64.
Cultural Critique
38 (1998): 39-64.
______. “Re-Membering America: Phillis Wheatley's Intertextual Epic.”
African American Review
30.1 (1996): 71-88.
African American Review
30.1 (1996): 71-88.
______. “Snatching a Laurel, Wearing a Mask: Phillis Wheatley's Literary Nationalism and the Problem of Style.”
Style
27.2 (1993): 222-51.
Style
27.2 (1993): 222-51.
Kimball, Fiske. “Jefferson and the Arts.”
Proceedings of the American Philosophical Society
87 (July 1943): 223-34.
Proceedings of the American Philosophical Society
87 (July 1943): 223-34.
Klinkowitz, Jerome. “Early Writers: Jupiter Hammon, Phillis Wheatley, and Benjamin Banneker.”
Black American Writers: Bibliographical Essays
. Eds. M. Thomas Inge, Maurice Duke, Jackson R. Bryer. 2 vols. New York: St. Martin's Press, 1978. 1-20.
Black American Writers: Bibliographical Essays
. Eds. M. Thomas Inge, Maurice Duke, Jackson R. Bryer. 2 vols. New York: St. Martin's Press, 1978. 1-20.
Kuncio, Robert C. “Some Unpublished Poems of Phillis Wheatley.”
New England Quarterly
43 (June 1970): 287-97.
New England Quarterly
43 (June 1970): 287-97.
Lapsansky, Philip. “âDeism': An Unpublished Poem by Phillis Wheatley.”
New England Quarterly
50 (1977): 517-20.
New England Quarterly
50 (1977): 517-20.
Lee, A. Robert. “Selves Subscribed: Early Afro-America and the Signifying of Phillis Wheatley, Jupiter Hammon, Olaudah Equiano and David Walker.”
Making America/Making American
Literature
. Eds. A. Robert Lee and W. M. Verhoeven. Amsterdam: Rodopi, 1996. 275-95.
Making America/Making American
Literature
. Eds. A. Robert Lee and W. M. Verhoeven. Amsterdam: Rodopi, 1996. 275-95.
Levernier, James A. “Phillis Wheatley (ca. 1753-1784).”
Legacy
13.1 (1996): 64-75.
Legacy
13.1 (1996): 64-75.
______. “Phillis Wheatley and the New England Clergy.”
Early American Literature
26.1 (1991): 21-38.
Early American Literature
26.1 (1991): 21-38.
______. “Style as Protest in the Poetry of Phillis Wheatley.”
Style
27.2 (Summer 1993): 172-93.
Style
27.2 (Summer 1993): 172-93.
______. “Wheatley's âOn Being Brought from Africa to America.'”
Explicator
40.1 (1981): 25-26.
Explicator
40.1 (1981): 25-26.
Literature Criticism from 1400 to 1800: Critical Discussion of Fifteenth-, Sixteenth-, Seventeenth-, and Eighteenth-Century Novelists, Poets, Play-wrights, Philosophers, and Other Creative Writers
. 75 vols. Detroit: Gale Research Company, 1984.
. 75 vols. Detroit: Gale Research Company, 1984.
Loggins, Vernon.
The Negro Author: His Development in America
. New York: Columbia University Press, 1931.
The Negro Author: His Development in America
. New York: Columbia University Press, 1931.
Long, Edward.
The History of Jamaica, or, General Survey of the Antient and Modern State of the
Island: With Reflections on Its Situation Settlements, Inhabitants, Climate, Products, Commerce, Laws, and Government
. London: T. Lowndes, 1774.
The History of Jamaica, or, General Survey of the Antient and Modern State of the
Island: With Reflections on Its Situation Settlements, Inhabitants, Climate, Products, Commerce, Laws, and Government
. London: T. Lowndes, 1774.
McKay, Michele, and William J. Scheick. “The Other Song in Phillis Wheatley's âOn Imagination. '”
Studies in the Literary Imagination
27.1 (1994): 71-84.
Studies in the Literary Imagination
27.1 (1994): 71-84.
Martin, Waldo.
The Mind of Frederick Douglass
. Chapel Hill: University of North Carolina Press, 1986.
The Mind of Frederick Douglass
. Chapel Hill: University of North Carolina Press, 1986.
Mason, Julian. “âOcean': A New Poem by Phillis Wheatley.”
Early American Literature
34 (1999): 78-83.
Early American Literature
34 (1999): 78-83.
Matson, R. Lynn. “Phillis WheatleyâSoul Sister?”
Phylon: The Atlanta University Review of Race and Culture
33.3 (Fall 1972): 222-30.
Phylon: The Atlanta University Review of Race and Culture
33.3 (Fall 1972): 222-30.
Mphalele, Ezekiel. “From the Black American World: IV: Images of Africa in Afro-American Literature.”
Okike, an African Journal of New Writing
100 (1976): 98-99.
Okike, an African Journal of New Writing
100 (1976): 98-99.
“The Nat Turner Insurrection.”
The Anglo-African Magazine
1.12 (1859): 225-38.
The Anglo-African Magazine
1.12 (1859): 225-38.
Newman, Richard, Patrick Rael, and Philip Lapsansky, eds.
Pamphlets of Protest: An Anthology of Early African American Protest Literature, 1790-1860
. New York: Routledge, 2001.
Pamphlets of Protest: An Anthology of Early African American Protest Literature, 1790-1860
. New York: Routledge, 2001.
Nott, Walt. “From âUncultivated Barbarian' to âPoetical Genius': The Public Presence of Phillis Wheatley.”
MELUS: The Journal of the Society for the Study of Multi-Ethnic Literature of the United States
18 (1993): 21-32.
MELUS: The Journal of the Society for the Study of Multi-Ethnic Literature of the United States
18 (1993): 21-32.
Odell, Margaretta Matilda.
Memoir and Poems of Phillis Wheatley
. Boston: Geo. W. Light, 1834.
Memoir and Poems of Phillis Wheatley
. Boston: Geo. W. Light, 1834.
Ogude, S. E. “Slavery and the African Imagination: A Critical Perspective.”
World Literature Today: A Literary Quarterly of the University of Oklahoma
55.1 (1981): 21-25.
World Literature Today: A Literary Quarterly of the University of Oklahoma
55.1 (1981): 21-25.
O'Neale, Sondra. “A Slave's Subtle War: Phillis Wheatley's Use of Biblical Myth and Symbol.”
Early American Literature
21.2 (1986): 144-65.
Early American Literature
21.2 (1986): 144-65.
______. “Phillis Wheatley.”
Dictionary of Literary Biography
. Ed. Emory Elliott. Vol. 31. Detroit: Gale Research Company, 1984. 360-67.
Dictionary of Literary Biography
. Ed. Emory Elliott. Vol. 31. Detroit: Gale Research Company, 1984. 360-67.
Oxley, Thomas. “Survey of Negro Literature.”
Messenger: World's Greatest Negro Monthly
60 (February 1927): 37-39.
Messenger: World's Greatest Negro Monthly
60 (February 1927): 37-39.
Parks, Carole A. “Phillis Wheatley Comes Home.”
Black World
23.4 (1974): 92-97.
Black World
23.4 (1974): 92-97.
Peterson, Merrill D., ed.
The Portable Thomas Jefferson
. New York: Viking, 1975.
The Portable Thomas Jefferson
. New York: Viking, 1975.
Porter, Dorothy Burnett, ed.
Early Negro Writing, 1760-1837
. Baltimore: Black Classic Press, 1997.
Early Negro Writing, 1760-1837
. Baltimore: Black Classic Press, 1997.
Prince, Dorothy Mains. “Phillis Wheatley: The Duplicity of Freedom.”
Maryland Humanities
78 (Summer 2001): 21-24.
Maryland Humanities
78 (Summer 2001): 21-24.
Purvis, Robert. “
The National Anti-Slavery Standard
, Nov, 3, 1860.” Sterling 265-66.
The National Anti-Slavery Standard
, Nov, 3, 1860.” Sterling 265-66.
Quarles, Benjamin. “Antebellum Free Blacks and the âSpirit of '76.'”
Journal of Negro History
61.3 (1976): 229-42.
Journal of Negro History
61.3 (1976): 229-42.
______.
Black Mosaic: Essays in Afro-American History and Historiography
. Amherst: University of Massachusetts Press, 1988.
Black Mosaic: Essays in Afro-American History and Historiography
. Amherst: University of Massachusetts Press, 1988.
______. “A Phillis Wheatley Letter.”
Journal of Negro History
34 (October 1949): 462-66.
Journal of Negro History
34 (October 1949): 462-66.
Randall, Dudley. “Black Poetry.” Gayle,
Black Expression
109â114.
Black Expression
109â114.
Redding, J. Saunders. “The Forerunners.” Gayle,
Black Expression
: 63-65.
Black Expression
: 63-65.
Reising, Russell.
Loose Ends: Closure and Crisis in the American Social Text
. Durham: Duke University Press, 1996.
Loose Ends: Closure and Crisis in the American Social Text
. Durham: Duke University Press, 1996.
Richards, Phillip M. “Phillis Wheatley, Americanization, the Sublime, and the Romance of America.”
Style
27.2 (Summer 1993): 194-221.
Style
27.2 (Summer 1993): 194-221.
______. “Phillis Wheatley and Literary Americanization.”
American Quarterly
44.2 (1992): 163-91.
American Quarterly
44.2 (1992): 163-91.
Richardson, William D. “Thomas Jefferson and Race: The Declaration of Independence and
Notes on the State of Virginia
.”
Polity
XVI.3 (Spring 1984): 442-67.
Notes on the State of Virginia
.”
Polity
XVI.3 (Spring 1984): 442-67.
Richmond, Merle A.
Bid the Vassal Soar: Interpretive Essays on the Life and Poetry of Phillis Wheatley (ca. 1753-1784) and George Moses Horton (ca. 1799-1883)
. Washington, D.C.: Howard University Press, 1974.
Bid the Vassal Soar: Interpretive Essays on the Life and Poetry of Phillis Wheatley (ca. 1753-1784) and George Moses Horton (ca. 1799-1883)
. Washington, D.C.: Howard University Press, 1974.
Rigsby, Gregory. “Form and Content in Phillis Wheatley's Elegies.”
CLA Journal
19 (December 1975): 248-57.
CLA Journal
19 (December 1975): 248-57.
______. “Phillis Wheatley's Craft as Reflected in Her Revised Elegies.”
Journal of Negro Education
47 (Fall 1978): 402-13.
Journal of Negro Education
47 (Fall 1978): 402-13.
Robinson, William H., ed.
Critical Essays on Phillis Wheatley
. Boston: G. K. Hall, 1982.
Critical Essays on Phillis Wheatley
. Boston: G. K. Hall, 1982.
______.
Phillis Wheatley: A Bio-Bibliography
. Boston: G. K. Hall, 1981.
Phillis Wheatley: A Bio-Bibliography
. Boston: G. K. Hall, 1981.
______.
Phillis Wheatley in the Black American Beginnings
. Detroit: Broadside Press, 1975.
Phillis Wheatley in the Black American Beginnings
. Detroit: Broadside Press, 1975.
______. “Phillis Wheatley in London.”
CLA Journal
21 (December 1977): 187-201.
CLA Journal
21 (December 1977): 187-201.
Rogal, Samuel J. “Phillis Wheatley's Methodist Connection.”
Black American Literature Forum
21.1-2 (1987): 85-95.
Black American Literature Forum
21.1-2 (1987): 85-95.
Scheick, William J. “Phillis Wheatley and Oliver Goldsmith: A Fugitive Satire.”
Early American Literature
19.1 (1984): 82-84.
Early American Literature
19.1 (1984): 82-84.
______. “Phillis Wheatley's Appropriation of Isaiah.”
Early American Literature
27.2 (1992): 135-40.
Early American Literature
27.2 (1992): 135-40.
______. “Subjection and Prophecy in Phillis Wheatley's Verse Paraphrases of Scripture.”
College Literature
22 (1995): 122-31.
College Literature
22 (1995): 122-31.
Scruggs, Charles. “Phillis Wheatley and the Poetical Legacy of Eighteenth Century England.”
Studies in Eighteenth-Century Culture
10 (1981): 279-95.
Studies in Eighteenth-Century Culture
10 (1981): 279-95.
Shields, David S.
Civil Tongues and Polite Letters in British America
. Chapel Hill: University of North Carolina Press, 1997.
Civil Tongues and Polite Letters in British America
. Chapel Hill: University of North Carolina Press, 1997.
Shields, John C. “Phillis Wheatley and Mather Byles: A Study in Literary Relationship.”
CLA Journal
23 (June 1980): 391-98.
CLA Journal
23 (June 1980): 391-98.
______. “Phillis Wheatley and the Sublime.” Robinson,
Critical Essays
189-205.
Critical Essays
189-205.
______. “Phillis Wheatley's Subversion of Classical Stylistics.”
Style
27.2 (1993): 252-70.
Style
27.2 (1993): 252-70.
______. “Phillis Wheatley's Use of Classicism.”
American Literature
52 (March 1980): 97-111.
American Literature
52 (March 1980): 97-111.
Shuffleton, Frank. “On Her Own Footing: Phillis Wheatley in Freedom.” Carretta and Gould 175-89.
______. “Phillis Wheatley, the Aesthetic, and the Form of Life.”
Studies in Eighteenth-Century Culture
26. Eds. Syndy M. Conger and Julie C. Hayes. Baltimore: Johns Hopkins University Press, 1998.
Studies in Eighteenth-Century Culture
26. Eds. Syndy M. Conger and Julie C. Hayes. Baltimore: Johns Hopkins University Press, 1998.
Silverman, Kenneth.
A Cultural History of the American Revolution: Painting, Music, Literature, and Theatre in the Colonies and the United States from the Treaty of Paris to the Inauguration of George Washington, 1763- 1789
. New York: Columbia University Press, 1987.
A Cultural History of the American Revolution: Painting, Music, Literature, and Theatre in the Colonies and the United States from the Treaty of Paris to the Inauguration of George Washington, 1763- 1789
. New York: Columbia University Press, 1987.
______. “Four New Letters by Phillis Wheatley.”
Early American Literature
8 (Winter 1974): 257-71.
Early American Literature
8 (Winter 1974): 257-71.
Silvers, Anita. “Pure Historicism and the Heritage of Hero(in)es: Who Grows in Phillis Wheatley's Garden?”
Journal of Aesthetics and Art Criticism
51.3 (1993): 475-82.
Journal of Aesthetics and Art Criticism
51.3 (1993): 475-82.
Sistrunk, Albertha. “The Influence of Alexander Pope on the Writing Style of Phillis Wheatley.” Robinson,
Critical Essays
175-88.
Critical Essays
175-88.
______. “Phillis Wheatley: An Eighteenth-Century Black American Poet Revisited.”
CLA Journal
23 (June 1980): 391-8.
CLA Journal
23 (June 1980): 391-8.
Other books
The Light in the Forest by Conrad Richter
Feckers by John Waters
The Sicilian's Mistress by Lynne Graham
Dante by Bethany-Kris
Dorian's Destiny: Altered by Amanda Long
Walkers (Book 2): The Rescue by Davis-Lindsey, Zelda
A Tumble Through Time by Hutton, Callie
The Billionaire’s Handler by Jennifer Greene
Knight in Leather by Holley Trent
Dead Man's Tale by Ellery Queen