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Smith, Cynthia J. “âTo Maecenas': Phillis Wheatley's Invocation of an Idealized Reader.”
Black American Literature Forum
23.3 (Fall 1989): 579-91.

Smith, Eleanor. “Phillis Wheatley: A Black Perspective.”
Journal of Negro Education
43.3 (1974): 401-7.

Smith, James McCune. “On the Fourteenth Query of Thomas Jefferson's Notes on Virginia.”
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______. “Heads of the Colored People.”
Frederick Douglass' Paper
. 25 March 1852: 1.

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The Black Hearts of Men: Radical Abolitionists and the Transformation of Race
. Cambridge: Harvard University Press, 2002.

Steele, Thomas J., S.J. “The Figure of Columbia: Phillis Wheatley Plus George Washington.”
New England Quarterly
54.2 (June 1981): 264-66.

Sterling, Dorothy, ed.
Speak Out in Thunder Tones: Letters and Other Writings by Black Northerners, 1787-1865
. New York: Da Capo Press, 1998.

Sterling, Eleonore Orland. “Thomas Jefferson and the Negro.”
The Crisis
59 (January 1952): 19-22.

Thatcher, B. B.
Memoir of Phillis Wheatley, A Native African and a Slave
. Boston: G. W. Light/New York: Moore and Payne, 1834.

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Black Expression
: 70-73.

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Jackson State Review
6.1 (1974): 44-53.

Walker, Margaret, ed. Special Issue: The Phillis Wheatley Poetry Festival, November 4-7, 1974.
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6.1 (1974): 1-107.

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The New Yorker
17-24 February 2003: 18.

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31.2 (1996): 103-32.

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67.2 (1995): 233-56.

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The Mind of the Negro as Reflected in Letters Written During the Crisis: 1800-1860
. Washington, D.C.: The Association for the Study of Negro Life and History, Inc., 1926.

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. New York: New York University Press, 1972.

INDEX

Abolitionism

and slave literature

and the Fourth of July

as affected by the Wheatley case

David Walker and

Thomas Jefferson and

William Hamilton and

African Americans

capacity to produce literature

literary achievement

literary tradition

musical skill of

Thomas Jefferson's criticism of

Thomas Jefferson's servants

white views on

American Indians

American Revolution

Appeal in Four Articles
(Walker)

Authorship, questioning of Wheatley's

Baraka, Amiri

BarbÃ©-Marbois, FranÃ§ois, Marquis de

Bell, Archibald

Black Arts Movement

Blyden, Edward Wilmot

Boston Massacre (1770)

Boston Town Hall

Bowdoin, James

Brattle Street Church

Brown, William Wells

Byles, Mather

Carretta, Vincent

Chauncy, Charles

Clergy

Clotel, or, The President's Daughter
(Brown)

The Condition
(Delany)

Constitution, U.S.

Cooper, Anna Julia

Cooper, Samuel

Criticism

of African-American writing

of Wheatley as ârace traitor'

of Wheatley's poetry

Dartmouth, William, Earl of

Dartmouth College

Declaration of Independence

DNA testing

Douglass, Frederick

Du Bois, W.E.B.

Ebony
magazine

Entertainment for a Winter's Evening
(Green)

Finch, Timothy

Forten, Charlotte

Fourth of July

Franklin, Benjamin

Freedom

Wheatley on

Wheatley's

Gayle, Addison Jr.

Green, Joseph

Grigo, Walter

Gross, Seymour

Gwinn, Peter

Hamilton, William

Hammon, Jupiter

Hancock, John

Hancock, Thomas

Harlem Renaissance

Harvard College

Hemings, Sally

Henderson, Stephen

Hollis Street

Congregational

Church

Hubbard, Thomas

Hume, David

Hutchinson, Anne

Hutchinson, Thomas

Jamison, Angelene

Jefferson, Thomas

as inspiration to slaves

as leader

impact on African-American literature

and Sally Hemings

views on African Americans

Johnson, James Weldon

Jones, John Paul

Kant, Immanuel

Kennedy, John F.

Lathrop, John

Legacy, Wheatley's literary

Literacy, Wheatley's

Loggins, Vernon

Mason, Julian

Mather, Samuel

The Militant Black Writer
(Henderson)

Mphalele, Ezekiel

Nickol, Robert

Nobel Prize

Notes on the State of Virginia
(Jefferson)

Oates, Joyce Carol

Occom, Samson

Old Colony House

Oliver, Andrew

“On Being Brought from Africa to America” (Wheatley)

“On the Affray in King Street, on the Evening of the 5th of March,
1770” (Wheatley)

Peters, John

Phillis
(schooner)

Poems on Several Occasions
(Byles)

Poems on Various Subjects, Religious and Moral
(Wheatley)

Poetry, Wheatley's

anagram of

Benjamin Franklin and

manuscripts

on famous figures

publication of

Thomas Jefferson and

Poets

Francis Williams

James Bowdoin

Joseph Green

Jupiter Hammon

Samuel Cooper

Publication

of Wheatley's first works

of Wheatley's later works

Purvis, Robert

Redmond, Charles Lenox

Reising, Russell

Religion

Robinson, William

Rush, Benjamin

Shields, John

Slaveholders

Slaves

literature by

Wheatley as

white slaves

Slave traders

Smith, Eleanor

Smith, James McCune

Smuggling

Soyinka, Wole

Stamp Act of 1765

Sugar Act of 1764

Thurman, Wallace

“To the Right Honourable William, Earl of Dartmouth” (Wheatley)

A Tribute for the Negro
(Armistead)

Vigilant Committee
A Voice from the South
(Cooper) Voltaire

Walker, David

Walker, Margaret

Warren, Joseph

Washington, George

The Way of the World
(Gayle)

Wheatley, John

Wheatley, Mary

Wheatley, Nathaniel

Wheatley, Phillis

and abolitionism

as slave

Benjamin Franklin and

criticism of

freedom of

literacy of

literary legacy of

Poems on Various Subjects, Religious
and Moral

poetry of

question of authorship

Thomas Jefferson and

Wheatley, Susanna

Whitefield, George

Williams, Francis

Woolbridge, Thomas

A Member of the Perseus Books Group Paperback published in 2010 by Basic
Civitas
Books

All rights reserved. No part of this book may be reproduced in any manner whatsoever without written permission except in the case of brief quotations embodied in critical articles and reviews. For information, address Basic Books, 387 Park

Avenue South, New York, NY 10016.

Library of Congress Cataloging-in-Publication Data

Gates, Henry Louis.

The trials of Phillis Wheatley / Henry Louis Gates, Jr.

p. cm.

eISBN : 978-0-786-72899-2

1. Wheatley, Phillis, 1753-1784. 2. Poets, American--
Colonial period, ca. 1600-1775--Biography. 3. Women
slaves--United States--Biography. 4. African American
poets--Biography. I. Title.

PS866.W5Z595 2003

811'.1--dc21

2003002717

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