The Vikings: A Very Short Introduction (21 page)

9

Hordaland (Norway)
17

halls
30, 31, 32, 33, 34, 36

horned helmets
120

England
66

housing
45, 77

Hebrides
90

Dublin
79–80

Newfoundland
110–11

Faroes
98

Norway
38

Greenland
107

Orkney
91, 92

Hebrides
89–90

145

Hiberno-Norse
81

Ivarr the Boneless
73

Iceland
103

Newfoundland
110

J

Orkney
91–2

Russia
60

Jaeren district (Norway)
15, 35

Shetland
95

James III, king of Scotland
90

two-storey
68

Jarlshof (Shetland)
94–5

Wales
83,
see also

Jelling rune stone (Jutland)
14,

farmsteads; halls;

16, 118

longhouses

Jellinge dynasty
26

hunting
35, 37, 107, 114, 115

jewellery
21, 33, 34, 43, 58,

Hywel Dda, king of Gwynedd

66–7, 71, 79, 92

and Deheubarth
82

Jolablot
1

Jørgensen, Lars
34

Jorvik Viking Centre (York)
1,

I

129, 130

Ibn Fadlan
57

Jutland Peninsula
8, 9, 12–13,

Iceland
6, 17, 66, 99–105, 106,

14, 23, 30, 31–2, 40

s

121, 122

g

Icelandic Sagas
4

kin

K

Vi

Illerup excavation, Jutland
12

Kamban, Grimur
98

infanticide
26

Kanhave canal (Jutland)
12–13

Ingvar (Swedish expedition

Karlsefni, Thorfinn
109, 113

leader)
57

Kaupang (Norway)
36, 37,

inhumation
23, 27, 58, 79, 92,

43–4

see also
burials

Kiev (Russia)
61

Inuit people
114–15, 116, 128

Kirk Andreas church (Isle of

Ireland
6, 49, 51, 53, 54, 55, 74,

Man)
86

77–81, 100,
see also

Kjølbye-Biddle, Birthe
73

Dublin

Knutsdrapa
4

Irish Annals
2

Irish hermits
97, 98, 99

Irish priests
100

L

Iron Age
30, 35, 53, 77, 120

Lake District (Cumbria)
121,

Islay, island of (Hebrides)
89

122

Isle of Man,
see
Man, Isle of

land ownership
32, 54–5, 66,

Islendingabók
(The Book of

76, 85, 103

Icelanders)
100, 106

Landnámabók
(The Book of

isotope analysis
71, 89, 132

Settlements)
100, 102–3

146

landscape degradation
105, 114

manufacturing
30–1, 33, 34,

language
2, 3, 4, 9, 64–6, 76,

39, 40, 68, 69

82, 84, 88–9, 97, 119

Margaret of Denmark
90

L’Anse aux Meadows

mercenaries
34, 49, 58, 59

(Newfoundland)
110–12,

Mercia
63, 65, 67

128

metal-detecting
33, 71, 130–1

Lapps
37

metalworking
24, 30–1, 36, 40

Lewis, Isle of
89

Ireland
80

The Life of Findan
90

Newfoundland
110

The Life of St Oswald
68

Orkney
91

Lincolnshire place-names
64

Russia
61

Lindisfarne (Northumbria)
5,

Wales
83

47

Middleton warrior (North

Llanbedrgoch excavation

Yorkshire)
74, 75, 120

(Anglesey)
83–4

military levy (
leidang
system)

Lofoten Islands (Norway)
36

50, 52, 88

London (Lundenwic)
68, 120

missionaries
12, 25

longhouses
32, 35, 36, 41, 89,

monasteries
5, 47, 55, 66, 77,

95, 98, 103

78, 81

Index

longphorts
(fortified camps)

Montelius, Oscar
118

78, 80

Morris, William
121

longships
47, 48–50, 51, 52, 56,

M‘re church, Trøndelag

88

(Norway)
28

Lordship of the Isles
88

Myhre, Bjorn
20, 35

lordships,
see
chieftains

mythology
20–1, 86, 90, 118,

Louis the Pious, Emperor
25,

120, 121, 124

55

Lund (Sweden)
30, 45

Lundenwic (London)
68, 120

N

nation states
9, 10

Native Americans
128, 129

M

navigation
52

McCormick, Finbar
80

Nazis
123–4, 125

McGovern, Thomas
115

Nelson, Lord Horatio
118

Maen Achwyfan (Flintshire)

Nestorian Chronicle
61

82

Newfoundland
109–13, 128

Magnússon, Eirikr
121

Nietzsche, Friedrich Wilhelm

Malmström, Gustav
120

123

Man, Isle of
6, 71, 84–7, 88

Njord (god)
20

147

Normans and Normandy
17,

Old Icelandic language
4

47, 56, 78–9, 123

Old Norse
3, 4, 64, 66, 82, 89,

Norrland (Sweden)
17

119

North America
6, 107, 108–13,

Old Uppsala (Sweden)
118, 124

125–9

Olof Skötkonung, king of

North Uist, island of

Sweden
25

(Hebrides)
89

Ongendus, king of Denmark

Northern Isles (the Orkneys

12, 25

and Shetland)
6, 17, 88,

Orkney
90–4, 132

90–6, 131

Orkneyinga Saga
90, 91, 94

Northumbria
5, 47, 55, 63, 64,

Osbert, king of Northumbria

67, 73, 81, 122

73

Norway
8, 15–17

Oseberg ship burial (Norway)

boathouses
51–2

21, 48, 49, 120

boats
47–8, 50

Oslo (Norway)
45

Christianization
24, 44, 45

Oslofjord (Norway)
4, 12, 15

colonization by
88–99

Östergötland (Sweden)
17, 24

conquered by Denmark
13,

Oôinn (god)
20, 21, 22, 72, 86,

s

14

122

g

genetics survey
131–2

kinVi

and the Isle of Man
84

Nazism
124

P

pre-Christian burials
22

pagans
2, 19, 38

rune stones
27

Paris (France)
55, 73

settlement patterns
35–8

Patursson, Jóannes
97

8th-century grave goods
5

Paviken, Gotland (Sweden)
30

urbanism in
43–4, 45

Penmon (Anglesey)
82, 83–4

Viking revivalism
119

Picts
89, 90, 92, 94–5

pigs
80, 103

pilgrimage
45

O

piracy
2, 3, 4, 98

Ohthere (Norwegian

Pirenne, Henri
39

merchant)
36–7, 43, 54

place-names
23, 29, 64–6, 82,

Olaf the White
78

84, 90–1, 94

Olaf Tryggvason, king of

Pliny the Elder,
Naturalis

Norway
24, 45

historia
8

Õland, island of (Sweden)
17

poetry
118

Olav, St
45

Pre-Raphaelites
121

Old English
2, 4, 65, 76

Price, Neil
21

148

Procopius
12

Roman Empire
12, 30, 67

Prose Edda
(Snorri Sturluson)

Roskilde fjord (Denmark)
48,

104

49

proto-urban production

Rouen, raids on
55

centres
39, 41

Rousseau, Jean Jacques
117

royal families:

Christian conversion
24–5,

R

26

radiocarbon dating
23, 76, 94,

control of coin minting

102, 110

54

Ragnar Lodbrok
73

Danish
13–14, 34, 90

Ragnarök
20, 120

Norwegian
17, 45, 84

raids
5–6, 47, 53, 54–5

Swedish
41

Danish
10, 13

tax revenue
32

to the East
57–62

urbanism and
45

Irish
78

royal patronage
40

Norwegian
17

royal vessels
50–1

on Wales
82

rune stones
13, 14, 16, 26,

in Western Europe
55–6

27–8, 57, 86, 126

Index

re-enactment groups

Ruskin, John
122

129–30

Russia
5, 54, 57, 58–61, 118

Red Wharf Bay (Anglesey)

83–4

Redknap, Mark
83

S

reindeer
18, 37

Saami people
16, 18, 21, 35

religion
20–4, 115

sacrifice
23, 24, 56, 57, 72,

religious offerings
34

85

religious sites
30, 38

sacrificial groves
23

Repton war cemetery, Mercia

saga literature
4, 53, 70, 73,

71–2, 73, 132

104

Reykjavik (Iceland)
99

Faroes
98

Ribbledale (Lancashire)
53,

Iceland
99–100

66

Orkney
90, 91, 94

Ribe, Jutland
34, 40

Victorians and
121

Rimbert, Bishop
25

Vinland
108–9, 111, 113

ritual murder
73

Sagabook
(periodical)
121

road building
45, 83

Samsø, island of (Denmark)
12

Rognvald, Earl
90

Sawyer, Birgit
27

Rollo (Norseman)
47

Sawyer, Peter
5

149

Scandinavia
2, 3, 4, 8–18

specialized settlements on

Aryan culture
124

30

boats
47–52

Trelleborg fortification on

Christianization
24–8

14, 15

colonization by
52–116

Skåne, island of (Denmark)
9,

pre-Christian belief
20–4

30, 50

settlement patterns
29–46

Skyre, Dagfynn
43

Viking revivalism
118–19,

slave trade
22, 49, 54, 78, 90

see also
individual

Slavs
57, 58, 61

countries

soapstone
36, 40, 92, 98

Scotland
6, 66, 77, 90, 100,

Socialist League
121

122, 131

sorcery
21

Scott, Sir Walter,
The Pirate
4,

South Uist, island of

122

(Hebrides)
89

sealing
104, 107

Spain
5

seiôr
21

spinning
31, 36

settlement patterns
29–38

Stamford Bridge, battle of

England
66

(1066)
6

s

Greenland
106–7

Staraja Ladoga (Russia)
60

g

Hebrides
89

Stefansson, Jon
122

kinVi

Iceland
102–3

Stockholm (Sweden)
45

Russia
60

Stolpe, Hjalmar
41, 42

sexual equality
26, 128

Sturluson, Snorri
104

shamanism
21, 120

Svear (Sweden)
17, 25

Sharples, Niall
90

Svein Forkbeard, king of

Sheehan, John
81

Denmark
13, 14

sheep herding
104

Sweden
5, 8, 17–18

Shetland
94–6, 122, 132

Christianization
24–5,

shipbuilding
50–1, 80

26–7

ships,
see
boats; longships

Eastern expansion
57–62

Sigtuna settlement (Sweden)

geography of
17

44–5

grave goods in 12th century

Sigurd (Siegfried)
86, 120