The War of the World: History's Age of Hatred (104 page)

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. Victor Klemperer, survivor and philologist of the language of the Third Reich, as well as that of the Fourth (Soviet) Reich that succeeded it in Dresden.

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. Isaiah Berlin’s diplomatic pass, issued on September 15, 1945. It was in Moscow that Berlin had his celebrated encounter with the poet Anna Akhmatova.

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. Hershel Elenberg and his wife Rivka: just two of the victims of Jedwabne pogrom, murdered by their own Polish neighbours in July 1941.

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. Henryka Lappo (left) with a friend, before the former’s deportation from eastern Poland to the Soviet Union.

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. A Nazi wartime poster blaming atrocities on‘Jewish-Bolshevism’. As at Katyn, these bodies exhumed by the Germans at Vinnitsa in the Ukraine were indeed victims of the NKVD. But the SS lost no time in filling new mass graves with the bodies of the town’s Jews.

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. Having been forced to undress, these five Jewish women and girls are about to be shot. They were among 2,700 Jews murdered outside Liebau (Liepaja), in Latvia, by German police and Latvian auxiliaries in December 1941.

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. Victims of the Rape of Nanking, sexually assaulted and brutally murdered by Japanese troops at some point between December 1937 and February 1938.

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. Indiscriminate war: a man tends children wounded in a Japanese raid on Shanghai railway station, 1937.

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. Marja and Czeslawa Krajewski from Zamosc, murdered in medical experiments at Auschwitz in 1943.

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. The Axis powers as aliens: American wartime poster.

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. Tatars in the Red Army, which was not a Russian but a genuinely multinational Soviet force.

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. A shattered German soldier sits on the remains of a wrecked artillery piece in the wake of the Battle of Kursk in July 1943. The failure of the German Operation Citadel dealt a death blow to German hopes of stemming the Soviet tide on the Eastern Front.