The War That Ended Peace: The Road to 1914 (126 page)

proposed railway
392
–93

and second Moroccan crisis
425

talks with Izvolsky
393
–94,
395
–96,
602

Afghanistan
40
,
183
,
519

Anglo-Russian Convention
192
,
194

Africa

gold in southern Africa
44

imperialism in
39
,
103
,
131

Paris Universal Exposition
5

sculpture
21

Afrikaners

defeat of
23

harsh treatment of
3
,
23
,
48

Jameson Raid
56

Agadir, Morocco
411
,
412
,
419
,
422
,
425

Agrarian League:
If I Were Kaiser
473

agriculture

becomes less important and less profitable in Europe
32

decrease in number of workers
7

depression in prices
81

drop in land values
32

farming improvements
11

incomes in
32

increased output
7

land ownership
28

opening up of new agricultural lands
11

Russia shifts from agriculture to industry
12

aircraft
232
,
502

Alabama
(Confederacy ship)
278

Albania
226
,
380
,
441
,
533

Austria-Hungary wants a strong Albania
227

borders
459
,
463

and independence
391
,
453
,
454
,
462

nature and shape of
459

ports
222

rebellions in
431
,
444

revolutionaries
441

rivalry of Italy and Austria-Hungary
493

and Scutari
460

Serbs and Montenegrins occupy
446

Albert, Prince Consort
26
,
53

Albert I, King of Belgium
329
,
586
–87

Alexander, King of Serbia
388

Alexander, Prince Regent of Serbia (later King of Yugoslavia)
515
,
536

Alexander I, Tsar
147
,
179

Alexander II, Tsar
170

Alexander III, Tsar
22
,
147
,
169
,
171
,
175
,
183
,
387

Alexandra, Princess of Wales (later Queen)
25
,
86
,
171

Alexandra Feodorovna, Tsarina (Alix of Hesse)
494
,
581
, P1.
2
, P1.
11

background
175

carrier of haemophilia gene
176

character
175
–76

hates the British
508
–9

health
176
,
542

marriage to the Tsar
174
–75

murdered by the Bolsheviks
601
, P1.
11

and Rasputin
474

and religion
175

Alexei Nikolaevich, Tsarevich of Russia childhood
177

haemophilia
176
,
474
,
542
, P1.
11

murdered by the Bolsheviks
601
, P1.
11

Alfonso, King of Spain
241

Algeciras Conference (1906)
355
,
356
,
363
,
364
–65,
367
–68,
369
,
391

Algeciras, Treaty of (1906)
414

Algeria
132
,
150
,
415
,
428

alliance system
22
,
24

Alsace (Elsass)
137
,
138
,
139
,
149
,
253
,
280
,
293
,
319
,
327
,
357
,
482
,
485
,
546
,
583
,
603
, P1.
36

American Civil War (1861–5)
5
,
15
,
34
,
305
–6,
307

Amery, Leo
45
–46

anarchism
241
,
242
,
244

Anastasia Nikolaevna, Grand Duchess of Russia, murdered by the Bolsheviks
601
, P1.
11

Andler, Charles
293

Andrassy, Julius
226

Angell, Norman
272
–73,
294

Europe’s Optical Illusion
272

The Great Illusion
272
,
273
,
594

Angellism
273

Anglo-French naval agreement (1913)
428

Anglo-German Agreement (1890)
93

Anglo-German Friendship Committee
267
,
277

Anglo-Irish gentry
309
,
375

Anglo-Japanese Alliance (1902)
48
–50,
125
,
195

renewed (1905)
192

Anglo-Russian Convention (1907)
191
–96,
225
,
372
,
376
–77,
555

Angola
45
,
421

anti-clericals
xxii
,
142
,
224
,
483

Anti-Dreyfusards
142

anti-militarism
139
,
261
,
262

anti-Semitism
142
,
182
,
201
,
232
,
248
,
475

aristocracy

landed
32

Lloyd George on
128
–29

wealth
31
–32

Armenia
380

Armenian massacres (mid 1890s)
38
,
39

arms race
xxi
,
xxv
,
xxvi
,
101
,
183
,
196
,
217
,
256
,
268
,
270
,
276
,
279
,
291
,
297
,
352
,
468
,
470
,
502
,
503
,
504

see also
naval race
under
German navy; Royal Navy

Arthur, William
46

Asquith, Herbert
487
,
540
,
573
,
579
, P1.
26

and army talks
428

background
487

Committee of Imperial Defence
374

and a deeply divided Cabinet
127

education
487

and Franz Ferdinand’s assassination
543

and German colonial demands
424

on Germany’s aggression against Belgium
587

and growing European crisis
544

on Ireland
588

and Irish Home Rule
491

letter from Bonar Law
584

loathed by Henry Wilson
491

in love with Venetia Stanley
492
,
543

marriages
487
–88

and naval estimates
488

naval race compromise
130

naval spending
498

and People’s Budget
129

resignation
603

Asquith, Margot (née Tennant)
488
,
489

Association of Austrian Artists
230

Association to Promote an Official Enquiry into our Food Supply in Time of War
106

Ataturk, Mustafa Kemal
495
,
599

Augusta Victoria, Duchess (Dona), Queen Consort of Prussia
62
–63,
64
,
71
,
85
,
176

Australia, and financing of Royal Navy
114

Austria
201
,
293
,
598

absorbed into the Third German Reich
603

bureaucracy
211

fall of government (1895)
210

Habsburg territories
207

universal male suffrage
202

Austria-Hungary

alliance with Germany (1879)
221
,
394
,
466

alliance with Italy
496

annexes Bosnia and Herzegovina
see under
Bosnian crisis

at the mercy of its nationalities
203

Black Friday (1873)
233

bureaucracy
211
–12

Common Ministerial Council
208
,
392
,
453
,
455
,
463
–65,
530

declares war on Russia
580

declares war on Serbia
xxiv
,
xxvii
,
464
,
512
,
539
,
545
,
555
,
562
,
563
,
568

defensive alliances
220
–21

determined to destroy Serbia
xxiv
,
xxxi

diminishing and troubled Empire P1.
5

Dreikaiserbund
137

economy
201
,
476

ethnic nationalism
xxvii

falls to pieces (1918)
598

and first Hague Peace Conference
280

geography of
200
–201,
334

in Great War
597

imports and exports
202

involvement in Balkan crisis
451
–58

loss of Empire
xix
,
xx
,
391

many nationalities in
13
,
343

military expenditure
202
,
212

and nationalism
165
,
203
,
209
–11,
215
–16,
232
,
248
–49,
476

naval building programme
128

Neutrality Treaty with Russia
227

Paris Universal Exposition
2
–3

peace movement
275

‘Pig War’
389

political parties
211

population
201
,
210
,
336
,
431

and Redl’s treachery
336
–37

relations with Britain
35
,
75
,
224
–25,
392
,
404

relations with France
145
,
224

relations with Germany
xxxi
,
22
,
197
,
198
,
200
,
202
–3,
214
,
220
,
222
–24,
225
,
334
,
425