The War That Ended Peace: The Road to 1914 (128 page)

Berlin
(cruiser)
411
,
412

Berlin, Treaty of (1911)
427
,
428
,
429

Berlin-to-Baghdad railway
457
,
494
,
507

Bernhardi, General Friedrich von
236
,
251

Germany and the Next War
247

Bernhardt, Sarah
1

Bertie, Sir Francis
114
,
158
,
253
,
361
,
363

Bethmann-Hollweg, Martha
527

Bethmann-Hollweg, Theobald von (Chancellor of Germany)
230
,
256
,
416
,
435
,
456
,
522
,
523
,
569
,
570
, P1.
34

addresses parliament
590

anxious to avoid war
478
,
570

appearance
416

background
418

Bülow on
417
–18

character
416
–17

civil service
416

death
604

denies German responsibility for the war
603
–4

and ending the naval race
406

fatalistic contemplation of the outbreak of war
xxx
,
505
,
527

forced out of office
603

on Germany’s need for its place in the sun
252

harangues Goschen
590

hopes for British neutrality in the event of war
458
,
526

on lack of a war council
323

marriage
418

opposes Tirpitz’s ship-building
430

and second Moroccan crisis
412
,
419
,
429

talks with Haldane
508
,
509

on two-front war
323

views on foreign policy
419
–20

Zabern incident
264

Beyens, Baron
60
,
63
,
92

Biliński, Leon von
466
–67

Birmingham
43
,
48

birth control
244

birth rate
244
–45

Bismarck, Herbert von
79

Bismarck, Prince Otto von
222
,
322
,
333
,
522
, P1.
10

anti-socialist laws
286

authoritarian and anti-liberal regime
275

and Bülow
76

and colonies
82

dismissed
52
,
73
,
137
,
223

does not allow war to be forced upon him
529

on Edward VII’s attitude to the Kaiser
86

and France
137
–38,
145
,
146

and German political system
68

League of the Three Emperors
221

loses control of the Reichstag
69

pioneers the modern welfare state
9

relations with Wilhelm as crown prince
65

and socialist movement
69

and Tirpitz
97

tries to keep on good terms with other powers
74

and unification of Germany
2
,
51
–52,
52
, P1.
4

warns against alliance
196

Björkö agreement (1905)
189
–91

Black Hand
439
,
463

Black Sea, and Russia
38
,
75
,
181
,
342
,
394
,
448

Blavatsky, Madame Helena
239
,
325

Blenheim Palace
490

Bloch, Ivan (Jean de)
270
–72,
281
,
294
,
305
,
312
,
594
, P1.
7

Bloody Sunday (22 January 1905)
167
,
177
, P1.
12

Blucher, Prince
53

Board of Education (Britain)
250

Boer War, Second (1899–1902)
3
,
23
,
45
–46,
50
,
57
,
61
,
98
,
103
,
107
,
108
,
125
,
135
–36,
145
,
150
,
151
,
225
,
258
,
306
,
307
,
310
,
330
,
359
,
372
,
471

Bohemia
210
,
211
,
213
,
293

Bolsheviks
598
,
602

attempt to seize Moscow
166
,
167

cancellation of foreign debts
147

domination of unions
164

influence of
475

murder of Russian royal family
601
, P1.
11

power seized in Russia
xx
,
13

rigid and doctrinaire policies
13

workers’ seats in Duma
164

Bonnard, Pierre
229

Booth, Charles
107

Borodino, Battle of (1812)
250

Bosnia-Herzegovina
201
,
516
,
598

annexation of
see under
Bosnian crisis

Balkan League troops in
455

crises of 1911–13
220

Hungarian forces in
226

Paris Universal Exposition
2

plot to assassinate Franz Joseph
440

rebellions of 1870s
219

Bosnian crisis (1908–9)

Aehrenthal-Izvolsky discussions
393
–94,
395
–96,
602

Aehrenthal’s proposed railway
392
–93

Austria-Hungary allowed to occupy and administer Bosnia-Herzegovina
382

Bosnia-Herzegovina annexation (1908)
226
,
292
,
326
,
389
–90,
392
–97,
432
,
440
,
441
,
541

Bulgaria
387
–88

concerns over preparedness for war
406

emerging nations
385
–86

Franz Ferdinand stops Conrad’s dash towards war
402
–3

responses to the annexation
397
–401

Rumania
386
–87

Russia and Austria-Hungary’s agreement (1897)
382
–83,
385
,
393

Russia’s agreement not to oppose annexation
403
–4

Russia’s continued meddling in the Balkans after the crisis
409
–10

Serbia
388
–91,
401
,
404
,
405
–6,
536

status quo weakened by 1907
385

strengthens the Dual Alliance
408

Bosnian crisis (1908–9)
xxiv
,
xxix
,
120
,
126
,
197
,
219
,
236
,
414
,
471
,
519
,
605
, P1.
24

Boulanger, General Georges
139
,
141
,
262

Bourdon, Georges
254
,
258

Bournville model town
277

Boxer Rebellion (1897–1901)
46
–47,
49
,
64
,
81
,
161
–62,
182
,
433

Boy Scouts
260
,
272

Boys and Church Lads Brigade
260

Braque, Georges
165
,
230

Brest naval base
135
,
364

Britain

1906 election
107

Anglo-Japanese Alliance
48
–50

competes with Germany
34
,
59
,
129

control of Egypt
35
,
131
,
149
,
151
,
157

declares war on Germany
590
–91

defence spending
107
–8

dispute with Venezuela
17
,
37
,
41
–42

emigration
233

enters the war against Germany
xviii
,
xxv

ethnic nationalism
xxvii

family values
245

Fashoda stand-off
131
,
134

fear of a single power dominating Europe
xxvii
,
116

fears as a declining nation
xxi

and the first Hague Peace Conference
280

first Opium War
14

growth of British society
165

growth rates
12
–13

imperial over-stretch
37

imports and exports
105
,
269
–70

industries being overtaken
37
–38,
55

intervention in conflicts
54

irritates other European powers
54

isolation
36
,
44
,
114
,
136

looks for allies
23
–24

Mahan’s theories
88
–89

militarism
260

offers Germany Portugal’s African colonies
507

Paris Universal Exposition
4

patriotism in education
250

peace movement
274
,
275

population
67

prefers to be detached from the Continent
23

relations with Austria-Hungary
35
,
75
,
224
–25,
392
,
404

relations with France
xxix
,
4
,
37
,
38
,
40
,
44
,
51
,
75
,
79
,
101
,
103
,
113
,
125
,
129
,
130
,
134
–36,
145
,
148
,
152
,
252
,
283
,
321
,
355
,
356
,
361
,
376
,
471

relations with Germany
35
,
44
–45,
47
,
50
,
51
–59,
52
,
75
,
78
,
79
,
83
–84,
99
,
103
–4,
113
,
114
–15,
120
,
122
,
124
,
129
,
130
,
151
,
158
,
252
,
253
,
312
,
315
,
321
,
367
,
375
,
423
,
436
,
458
,
479
,
492

relations with Italy
35
,
75
,
145
,
332

relations with Ottoman Empire
38
,
39