The War That Ended Peace: The Road to 1914 (132 page)

Europe

British fear of a single power dominating Europe
xxvii

economy
232
–33

emigration
7
,
233

growth of cities and towns
7

imports
7

interdependence
14
,
269

map (1914)
x
–xi

population
7
,
296

pre-war alliance systems
xxi
,
xxvi
,
xxix
,
22
,
33
,
50
,
145
–46,
187
,
217
,
220
,
221
–22,
312
,
496

strikes
233

war fatally undermines its dominance of the world
xxiii

weakened and poorer after Great War
xx

working conditions
233

European Union
270
,
293

evolution
246
,
268
,
269

F

Fabians
540

Falkenhayn, General Erich von
234
,
236
,
324
,
326
,
523
,
561
,
568
,
574
,
575
,
601

Fallodon estate
365
,
366
,
367
,
424

Far East

British naval presence in
48

imperialism in
39

Russian interests in
172
,
174

fascism, fascists
247
,
600

fashion
10
–11

Fashoda (now Kodok), South Sudan
135

crisis in
131
,
133
–36,
145
,
147
,
148
,
150
,
157
,
357

Faure, Felix
136
,
140
,
142

Ferdinand I, Emperor of Austria
204

Ferdinand I, Tsar of Bulgaria
379
,
388
,
397
,
404
,
442
,
444
,
445
,
449
,
469
,
506
,
598
–99,
603

Ferry, Abel
582

Fez, Morocco
358
,
359
,
361
,
415

Finland
180

Finns
164

First Balkan War (1912) P1.
28

First International
284

Fischer, Fritz
xxxi
,
527

Fisher, Admiral John (Jacky)
108
–13,
273
,
303
, P1.
9

appearance
109
–10

background
109

belief in God and country
110

on the British Empire
104
–5

character
109
,
110

committee
112
–13,
117

and the first Hague Peace Conference
281

Reval meeting
394

Royal Navy reforms
109
,
110
–12

succeeded by Wilson
373

suggests taking out the German fleet
119

and the Tangier incident
360

war plans
373
–74

Wilhelm on his ‘entirely crazy Dreadnought policy’
118

Fiske, John
269

Flaubert, Gustave
140

Foch, Supreme Allied Commander Ferdinand

friendship with Henry Wilson
376

and the offensive
308

food

cheap
32
,
233

prices
11

scarcity of
106

stockpiling supplies
106

foreign correspondents
102

Foreign Ministry (Austria-Hungary)
399
,
452
,
532
,
534

Foreign Ministry (France)
143
,
348
,
422
,
484

Foreign Ministry (Germany)
125
,
158
,
411
,
412

Foreign Ministry (Prussia)
68

Foreign Ministry (Russian)
147

Foreign Office (Austria-Hungary)
211
,
484

Foreign Office (Belgian)
586

Foreign Office (Britain)
42
,
48
,
53
,
115
,
126
,
154
,
182
,
192
,
195
,
253
,
360
,
399
,
406
,
423
–24,
458
,
543
,
555
,
587
,
590
–91

Foreign Office (Germany)
65
,
69
,
74
,
188
,
190
,
279
,
317
,
323
,
328
,
353
,
419
,
520
,
525

press section
102
,
369
–70

Foreign Office (Russian)
174
,
195
,
403

France

aftermath of Franco-Prussian War
261

agreement with Spain over Morocco
358
,
361

air show accident (1911)
422

alliance with Russia (from 1894)
xxvi
,
xxix
,
22
,
137
,
145
–48,
149
,
158
,
162
,
175
,
185
–86,
192
,
318
,
356
,
370
,
400
,
485
–86,
496
,
497
,
524
,
546
,
547
,
548
,
561
–62

anti-militaristic tradition
261
,
262

birth rate
244

and Bismarck
137
–38,
145
,
146

Boulanger’s attempted coup (1889)
139
,
262

and British control of Egypt
131
–32

colonies
149
–50,
500

devastation of north of
xix

divisions in French society
140
,
142
,
144
,
261
,
262
,
330
,
483

Dreyfus affair divides France
134

economy
254

Fashoda crisis
131
,
134

fear of Germany
xxvii

and the first Hague Peace Conference
280

First Republic
140

French influence in Ottoman Empire
149

German invasion of
xviii

imports and exports
270

influence in Morocco
138
,
150
–51,
156
,
157
,
413

loans to Serbia
409

memories of past glories and past humiliations
136
–37

nationalism
262
,
351

occupation and large indemnity
137

patriotism in education
250

peace movement
275
,
280

Poincarë’s state visit to Russia
546
–49

population
xxv
–xxvi,
67
,
146
,
254
,
481
,
547

post-war German indemnity
137

pre-war desire for revenge
xxi
,
139
,
306

the press
144
,
415
,
482

pretensions to lead European civilisation
21
–22

Provisional Government
140

relations with Austria-Hungary
145
,
224

relations with Britain
xxix
,
4
,
37
,
38
,
44
,
51
,
75
,
79
,
101
,
103
,
113
,
125
,
129
,
130
,
134
–36,
148
,
152
,
283
,
321
,
355
,
356
,
361
,
377
,
471

relations with Germany
6
,
51
,
52
,
126
,
145
,
252
,
253
–55,
312
,
333
,
357
,
364
,
415
,
477
–78,
492

relations with Italy
145
,
221
–22,
332
,
357

relations with Russia
38
,
224
,
283
,
362

relations with Spain
145
,
150

republicanism and anti-clericalism
147

revitalisation
477

and second Hague Peace Conference
283

secret military agreement with Russia (1894)
74

short-lived
bataillons scolaires
261
–62

strikes in
262
,
599

surrender of
594

terrorism in
241

Third Republic
140
,
141
,
143
,
144
,
148
,
224
,
254
,
262
,
345
,
415
,
481
,
484

Three Year Law
481
,
502

trade unions
8

Triple Entente
150
,
196
,
198
,
312

and Tunisia
34

Franco-British Exhibition (1908)
370

Franco-Prussian War (1870–71)
xxiii
,
4
,
5
–6,
13
,
48
,
137
,
138
,
139
,
148
,
149
,
253
,
261
,
274
,
287
,
296
,
306
,
327
,
357
,
358
,
376
,
471
,
547
,
594
,
595

Frankfurt, Treaty of (1871)
138

Franz, Emperor of Austria
204

Franz Ferdinand, Archduke of Austria (1863–1914)
339
,
452

anti-Hungarian
477

appearance
213

assassinated in Sarajevo
xix
,
xxii
,
xxiii
,
xxvii
,
238
,
430
,
492
,
510
,
511
,
512
,
513
,
515
–18,
519
,
532
,
533
,
541
,
542
,
543
,
545
,
542
,
559
,
601
, P1.
27
, P1.
29

and Bosnia-Herzegovina annexation
399

character
213
,
214

and Conrad
218
,
220
,
458
,
467

foreign policy views
214
–15