The Zero Marginal Cost Society: The Internet of Things, the Collaborative Commons, and the Eclipse of Capitalism (53 page)

BOOK: The Zero Marginal Cost Society: The Internet of Things, the Collaborative Commons, and the Eclipse of Capitalism
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48. “Tennessee Valley Authority,” United States History, http://www.u-s-history.com/pages/h1653
.html.

49. “Vote for Republican Congressmen,”
Chicago Tribune,
November 4, 1934, 46.

50. David E. Nye,
Electrifying America: Social Meanings of a New Technology, 1880–1940
(Cambridge, MA: MIT Press, 1991), 317.

51. Ibid., 318.

52. Ibid., 320.

53. Ibid., 322.

54. Ronald C. Tobey,
Technology as Freedom: The New Deal and the Electrical Modernization of the American Home
(Berkeley: University of California Press, 1996), 6.

55. Nye,
Electrifying America,
321.

56. “Path to Prosperity,” SEIU, January 2009, 9–10, http://www.seiu.org/images/pdfs/Path_to
_Prosperity.pdf.

57. “Rural Energy Savings Program: Frequently Asked Questions,”
Assistant Democratic Leader,
http://assistantdemocraticleader.house.gov/index.cfm?a=Files.Serve&File_id=c77509d5-0838
-4371-bc47-d7e20f509375 (accessed October 28, 2013).

58. “Rural Electric,” University of Wisconsin Center for Cooperatives, Research on the Economic Impact of Cooperatives, http://reic.uwcc.wisc.edu/electric/.

59. “Co-op Facts & Figures,” National Rural Electric Cooperative Association, 2013, http://www
.nreca.coop/members/Co-opFacts/Pages/default.aspx.

60. Ibid.

61. “Cooperative Principles and Values,” International Cooperative Alliance, 2011, http://www.cdi
.coop/icaprinciples.html.

62. Ibid.

63. “The Rochdale Principles,” Rochdale Pioneers Museum, http://www.rochdalepioneersmuseum
.coop/about-us/the-rochdale-principles.

64. “Cooperative Facts and Figures,” International Cooperative Alliance, http://ica.coop/en/whats
-co-op/co-operative-facts-figures (accessed September 4, 2013); “Cooperatives Around the World,” 2012 International Year of Cooperatives, 2012, http://usa2012.coop/about-co-ops
/cooperatives-around-world (accessed November 12, 2013).

65. Paul Hazen, “Remarks of Paul Hazen—White House Meeting, June 2, 2011,” National Cooperative Business Association, June 2, 2011, http://www.ncba.coop/component/content
/article/6-what-we-do/1087-remarks-of-paul-hazen-white-house-meeting-june-2-2011.

66. Joan Sanstadt, “Cooperatives Have Important Worldwide Role,”
Agri-View,
October 11, 2012, http://www.agriview.com/news/regional/cooperatives-have-important-worldwide-role/art
icle_09b0b020-13f1-11e2-ae03-001a4bcf887a.html.

67. Ibid.

68.

Welcome to Land O’Lakes, Inc.,” Land O’Lakes Inc., 2011, http://www.landolakesinc.com
/company/default.aspx (accessed June 19, 2013); “National Grape Cooperative,” Welch’s International, 2012, http://www.welchsinternational.com/resources/coop.shtml (accessed June 19, 2013).

69. “Profiles of a Movement: Co-operative Housing around the World,” CECODHAS Housing Europe, April 2012, http://www.housingeurope.eu/issue/2577.

70. David Rodgers, “Housing Co-Operative: Some Comparative Statistics,” Northern Ireland Co-operative Forum, May 9, 2012, nicoop-forum.co.uk/wp-content/ . . . /David-Rodgers-9th
-May-20121.ppt.

71. “Profiles of a Movement.”

72. Ibid.

73. Hans Groeneveld and August Sjauw-Koen-Fa, “Co-Operative Banks in the New Financial System,” Rabobank Group, October 2009, http://www.globalcube.net/clients/eacb/content/medias
/publications/external_studies/cb_financial_system_Rabobank_2009.pdf.

74. Giselle Weybrecht, “2012 International Year of Cooperatives and Management Education–
Introduction (part 1),”
Prime Time,
November 27, 2012, http://primetime.unprme.org/2012
/11/27/2012-international-year-of-cooperatives-and-management-education-introduction
-part-1/.

75. “International Co-operatives,”
Year Book Australia,
2012, http://www.abs.gov.au/ausstats/abs
@.nsf/Lookup/by%20Subject/1301.0~2012~Main%20Features~International%20co-opera
tives~291.

76. “Statement for the Record of the House Financial Services Committee Hearing on Financial Literacy and Education: The Effectiveness of Governmental and Private Sector Initiatives,” Credit Union National Association, April 15, 2008, http://ow.ly/mdE4I.

77. Catherine New, “Credit Union Deposits Outpaced Banks since WaMu Failure, Study,”
Huffington Post,
August 2, 2012, http://www.huffingtonpost.com/2012/08/02/credit-union-deposits
_n_1733448.html.

78. Credit Union Industry Assets Top $1 Trillion, National Credit Union Administration, March 2012, httpwww.ncua.govNewsPagesNW20120601AssetsTrillion.aspx (accessed November 13, 2013).

79. Clare Taylor, “Renewable Energy Cooperatives: Power to the People,”
The Energy Collective,
February 15, 2013, http://theenergycollective.com/claretaylor/186416/power-people-growth-renew
able-energy-cooperatives.

80. Bernward Janzing, “Energy Cooperatives Are Booming in Germany,”
DW,
July 6, 2012, http://www.dw.de/energy-cooperatives-are-booming-in-germany/a-16076317.

81. Jeevan Vasagar, “German Farmers Reap Benefits of Harvesting Renewable Energy,”
Financial Times,
December 2, 2013, http://www.ft.com/intl/cms/s/0/f2bc3958-58f4-11e3-9798-00144fe
abdc0.html#axzz2nMj6ILk2 (accessed December 13, 2013).

82. Janzing, “Energy Cooperatives Are Booming in Germany.”

83. “About Middelgrunden Wind Cooperative,” Middelgrundens Vindmollelaug Windfarm, 2003, http://www.middelgrunden.dk/middelgrunden/?q=en/node/35.

84. Peter Jacob Jørgensen, “Samsø: A Renewable Energy Island,”
PlanEnergi
(2007): 7, 50, http://sallan.org/pdf-docs/Samso.pdf.

85. Tildy Bayar, “Community Wind Arrives Stateside,”
Renewable Energy World,
July 5, 2012, http://www.renewableenergyworld.com/rea/news/article/2012/07/community-wind-arrives-stateside.

86. Megan McKoy, “Tackling Climate Change: Renewing Innovation,”
Rural Missouri,
May 2009, http://www.ruralmissouri.org/NRECAClimateChange/ClimateChange11.html.

87. Susan Kraemer, “Rural Electric Cooperative Completes $240 Million Wind Farm in 4 Months,”
Clean Technica,
January 1, 2010, http://cleantechnica.com/2010/01/01/rural-electric
-cooperative-completes-240-million-wind-farm-in-4-months/.

88. Ibid.

89. “Electric Cooperatives and Renewable Energy: Our Commitment to America,” National Rural Electric Cooperative Association, March 2012, http://www.touchstoneenergy.com/about
/Documents/RenewableEnergyBrochure.pdf.

90. Jakob Miller and Jens Rommel, “Is There a Future Role for Urban Electricity Cooperatives? A Case of Greenpeace Energy,” University of Berlin, http://academia.edu/603390/IS_THERE_A
_FUTURE_ROLE_FOR_URBAN_ELECTRICITY_COOPERATIVES_THE_CASE_OF
_GREENPEACE_ENERGY.

91. “Facts at a Glance,” Public Transportation Takes Us There, http://www.publictransportation
.org/news/facts/Pages/default.aspx; “Statistics,” International Association of Public Transport, http://www.uitp.org/knowledge/Statistics.cfm.

92. Benoit Montreuil, “Towards a Physical Internet: Meeting the Global Logistics Sustainability Grand Challenge,” CIRRELT, January 2011, 2, https://www.cirrelt.ca/DocumentsTravail/CIR
RELT-2011-03.pdf.

93. “Potential for Energy Efficiency Improvement beyond the Light-Duty-Vehicle Sector,” Office of Energy Efficiency and Renewable Energy, February 2013, http://www.nrel.gov/docs/fy13
osti/55637.pdf, 12, 13.

94. “Manufacturing and Trade Inventories and Sales—April 2013,”
U.S. Census Bureau News,
June 13, 2013, http://www.census.gov/mtis/www/data/pdf/mtis_current.pdf.

95. Montreuil, “Towards a Physical Internet,” 5.

96. Ibid., 2.

97. Ibid., 2.

98. “Path to Prosperity,” SEIU, 4, http://www.seiu.org/images/pdfs/Path_to_Prosperity.pdf.

99. Montreuil, “Towards a Physical Internet,” 2–5.

100. Ibid.

101. Ibid., 15.

102. Josie Garthwaite, “Smarter Trucking Saves Fuel over the Long Haul,”
National Geographic,
September 23, 2011, http://news.nationalgeographic.com/news/energy/2011/09/110923-fuel
-economy-for-trucks/.

Chapter 13

1. Amy Chozick, “As Young Lose Interest in Cars, G.M. Turns to MTV for Help,”
New York Times,
March 22, 2012, http://www.nytimes.com/2012/03/23/business/media/to-draw-reluc
tant-young-buyers-gm-turns-to-mtv.html?pagewanted=all (accessed May 29, 2013).

2. Stephanie Steinberg and Bill Vlasic, “Car-Sharing Services Grow, and Expand Options,”
New York Times,
January 25, 2013, http://www.nytimes.com/2013/01/26/business/car-sharing
-services-grow-and-expand-options.html?_r=0 (accessed May 29, 2013).

3. “Growing Awareness of Peer-to-Peer Car Sharing Will Boost Car Sharing Rentals in Less Populated Areas in Europe, Says Frost & Sullivan,” Frost & Sullivan, August 22, 2012, http://www
.frost.com/ (accessed May 29, 2013); “Car Sharing—Driving the Way to a Greener Future, Says Frost & Sullivan,” Frost & Sullivan, February 18, 2010, http://www.frost.com/prod/servlet
/press-release.pag?Src=RSS&docid=193331843 (accessed May 29, 2013); Danielle Sacks, “The Sharing Economy,”
Fast Company,
May 2011, http://www.fastcompany.com/1747551/sharing
-economy (accessed March 19, 2013).

4. Elliot Martin and Susan Shaheen, “The Impact of Carsharing on Household Vehicle Ownership,”
ACCESS
38 (Spring 2011): 24.

5. David Zhao, “Carsharing: A Sustainable and Innovative Personal Transport Solution with Great Potential and Huge Opportunities,” Frost & Sullivan, January 28, 2010, https://www.frost.com
/sublib/display-market-insight.do?id=190795176 (accessed May 29, 2013).

6. Elliot Martin and Susan Shaheen, “The Impact of Carsharing on Public Transit and Non-Motorized Travel: An Exploration of North American Carsharing Survey Data,”
Energies
4 (2011): 2094–2114.

7. Susan A. Shaheen et al., “Public Bikesharing in North America: Early Operator and User Understanding,” Mineta Transportation Institute, June 2012, 1.

8. Susan A. Shaheen et al., “Bikesharing in Europe, the Americas, and Asia: Past, Present, and Future,”
Transportation Research Record: Journal of the Transportation Research Board
2143 (October 2010): 159–167.

9. Susan A. Shaheen et al., “Public Bikesharing in North America,” 27.

10. Ibid., 16.

11. Anita Hamilton, “Will Car-Sharing Networks Change the Way We Travel?,”
Time,
February 7, 2012, http://www.time.com/time/specials/packages/article/0,28804,2094921_2094923_21061
41,00.html (accessed May 29, 2013).

12. Adam Cohen, Susan Shaheen, and Ryan McKenzie, “Carsharing: A Guide for Local Planners,”
PAS Memo
(2008), http://pubs.its.ucdavis.edu/download_pdf.php?id=1240 (accessed February 3, 2014).

13. “Autolib’ Brings Intelligent Car-Sharing to the Streets of Paris and Suburbs,” Microsoft News Center, February 12, 2013, http://www.microsoft.com/en-us/news/Features/2013/Feb13/02-12
autolib.aspx (accessed May 29, 2013).

14. Dave Zhao, “Carsharing: A Sustainable and Innovative Personal Transport Solution with Great Potential and Huge Opportunities,” Frost and Sullivan, January 28, 2010, http://www.frost
.com/prod/servlet/market-insight-print.pag?docid=190795176 (accessed November 12, 2013).

15. Jeff Cobb, “GM Partners on Ground Floor Opportunity with RelayRides Carsharing,” GM-Volt.com, October 10, 2011, http://gm-volt.com/2011/10/10/gm-partners-on-ground-floor-opportu
nity-with-relayrides-carsharing/ (accessed May 29, 2013).

16. “GM Enters Carsharing Business; Teams Up with RelayRides,” GM News, October 5, 2011, http://media.gm.com/media/us/en/gm/news.detail.html/content/Pages/news/us/en/2011
/Oct/1005_relay.html (accessed May 29, 2013).

17. Lawrence Burns, “A Vision of Our Transport Future,”
Nature
497 (May 9, 2013): 181–82.

18. Ibid.

19. Joann Muller, “With Driverless Cars, Once Again It Is California Leading the Way,”
Forbes,
September 26, 2012, http://www.forbes.com/sites/joannmuller/2012/09/26/with-driverless-cars
-once-again-it-is-california-leading-the-way/ (accessed June 2, 2013).

20. Chris Urmson, “The Self-Driving Car Logs More Miles on New Wheels,”
Google Blog,
August 7, 2012, http://googleblog.blogspot.com/2012/08/the-self-driving-car-logs-more-miles-on.html (accessed June 2, 2013).

21. Mary Slosson, “Google Gets First Self-Driven Car License in Nevada,” Reuters, May 8, 2012, http://www.reuters.com/article/2012/05/08/uk-usa-nevada-google-idUSLNE84701320120508 (accessed June 3, 2013).

22. Alex Hudson, “Will Driverless Cars Mean Computer Crashes?,” BBC News, October 1, 2012, http://news.bbc.co.uk/2/hi/programmes/9755210.stm (accessed June 2, 2013).

23. John Markoff, “Google Cars Drive Themselves, in Traffic,”
New York Times,
October 9, 2010, http://www.nytimes.com/2010/10/10/science/10google.html?pagewanted=all&_r=0 (accessed June 2, 2013).

24. “2012 U.S. Automotive Emerging Technologies Study,” J.D. Power and Associates,
April 26, 2012, http://autos.jdpower.com/content/press-release/gGOwCnW/2012-u-s-automotive-emerg
ing-technologies-study.htm (accessed June 3, 2013).

25. Jack Ewing, “A Benz with a Virtual Chauffeur,”
New York Times,
May 16, 2013, http://www.ny
times.com/2013/05/19/automobiles/a-benz-with-a-virtual-chauffeur.html?pagewanted=all&
_r=0 (accessed May 28, 2013).

26. Emi Kolawole, “A Win For Google’s Driverless Car: Calif. Governor Signs a Bill Regulating Autonomous Vehicles,”
Washington Post,
September 25, 2012, http://www.washingtonpost.com (accessed June 2, 2013).

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