This Hallowed Ground (75 page)
Read This Hallowed Ground Online
Authors: Bruce Catton
1
B. & L.
, Vol. I, pp. 632-33.
2
Ibid., p. 661 et seq.;
Official Records
, Vol. VI, p. 179.
3
Thomas, op. cit., p. 289.
4
For a pointed discussion of the ruinous effect of the habit of overestimating Confederate strength (written by a soldier by no means hostile to McClellan) see
Military Reminiscences of the Civil War
, by Jacob D. Cox, Vol. I, pp. 250-53.
5
The Wild Riders of the First Kentucky Cavalry
, p. 109.
6
Personal Recollections of Distinguished Generals
, by William F. G. Shanks, p. 258.
7
Official Records
, Vol. XVI, Part 1, p. 51.
8
Ibid., Vol. VII, pp. 530-31.
9
The Rise of U
. S.
Grant
, by A. L. Conger, p. 83 et seq.;
Personal Memoirs of U
. S.
Grant
, Vol. I, pp. 271-80.
10
Van Horne, Vol. I, pp. 50-58;
The Life of Major General George H. Thomas
, p. 50 ff;
History of the Tenth Regiment Indiana Volunteer Infantry
, by James Birney Shaw, p. 162;
B. & L.
, Vol. I, pp. 387-91.
1
Official Records
, Vol. VII, pp. 527, 532-33.
2
Ibid., p. 532.
3
Anyone interested in following this dreary exchange of messages can find them in
Official Records
, Vol. VII, pp. 573-74, 576, 578-80, 583-87.
4
Gosnell, op. cit., pp. 47-48.
5
Ibid., pp. 49-50.
6
B. & L.,
Vol. I, p. 358 ff.
7
Personal Memoirs of U
. S.
Grant
, Vol. I, p. 294.
8
Official Records
, Vol. VII, pp. 590-91.
9
B. & L.
, Vol. I, pp. 398-410, 430-436;
History of the Seventh Regiment Illinois Volunteer Infantry
, by D. Leib Ambrose, p. 32;
Personal Memoirs of U
. S.
Grant
, Vol. I, pp. 298-304.
10
Personal Memoirs of John H. Brinton
, p. 121.
11
Ibid., pp. 129-30;
Personal Memoirs of U
. S.
Grant
, pp. 308-12.
12
B. & L.
, Vol. I, p. 426;
The Army of Tennessee
, by Stanley Horn, p. 98.
1
The Army of Tennessee
, pp. 99-102; P. G. T.
Beauregard, Napoleon in Gray
, by T. Harry Williams, p. 119.
2
Official Records
, Vol. VI, pp. 398, 828; Vol. VII, p. 889.
3
Ibid., Vol. VI, p. 692.
4
Ibid., Vol. VII, pp. 640-41.
5
Ibid., pp. 627, 628, 632, 641, 648, 655.
6
Ibid., pp. 630, 640, 646, 652;
The Rise of
U. S.
Grant
, p. 192.
7
Personal Memoirs of John H. Brinton
, p. 133;
Official Records
, Vol. VII, pp. 637-38, 649.
8
Ormsby MacKnight Mitchel, Astronomer and General
, p. 255;
Official Records
, Vol. VII, p. 660.
9
Personal Memoirs of John H. Brinton
, p. 131;
Official Records
, Vol. VII, pp. 679-80, 682; Vol. X, Part 2, p. 3.
10
Ibid., Vol. VII, p. 683.
11
Ibid., p. 283; Vol. X, p. 32.
12
Personal Memoirs of John H. Brinton
, pp. 160-61.
13
Army Memoirs of Lucius W. Barber
, pp. 43, 47;
A History of the Sixth Iowa Infantry
, p. 57.
14
Official Records
, Vol. VII, p. 647.
15
Ibid., Vol. X, Part 2, p. 55.
16
Grant’s letters to Mrs. Grant; photostats of manuscript copies furnished by Ralph G. Newman of Chicago.
17
Downing’s Civil War Diary
, by Sgt. Alexander G. Downing, edited by Olynthus B. Clark, p. 39.
A LONG WAR AHEAD
Hardtack in an Empty Hand
1
Lewis, op. cit., p. 217;
Official Records
, Vol. X, Part 1, pp. 252, 262, 288, 290, 411.
2
Ibid., Vol. X, Part 2, p. 91. This may be as good a place as any to point out that Shiloh is exhaustively covered in
B. & L.,
Vol. I, in articles that extend from p. 465 to 610, that there is an excellent account of the battle in Stanley Horn’s
The Army of Tennessee
, pp. 122-43, and that T. Harry Williams discusses it in his
P
. G.
T. Beauregard, Napoleon in Gray
, pp. 133-149. One of the most moving descriptions is in Lloyd Lewis’s
Sherman: Fighting Prophet
, pp. 219-31.
3
Army Memoirs of Lucius W. Barber
, p. 48;
Downing’s Civil War Diary
, p. 40.
4
Official Records
, Vol. X, Part 2, p. 94.
5
It might be noted that Confederate reports in the
Official Records
do not bear out the rumors that Federal troops were surprised in their tents. Uniformly, the Confederate accounts describe very stiff resistance from the beginning; General Hardee tells of Federal attacks on his skirmishers at dawn, before the main attack got rolling. See
Official Records
, Vol. X, Part 1, pp. 513, 514, 532, 536, 541, 548, 568, 573, 581.
6
Ibid., p. 331; report of Col. Jacob Ammen.
7
Lew Wallace: An Autobiography
, Vol. II, p. 505.
8
Ohio at Shiloh: Report of the Commission
, by T. J. Lindley, pp. 37-38;
Official Records
, Vol. X, Part 1, pp. 264-65;
History of the 53rd Regiment Ohio Volunteer Infantry
, pp. 27-48.
9
Official Records
, Vol. X, Part 1, p. 133.
10
Ulysses S. Grant and the Period of National Preservation and Reconstruction
, p. 135;
Official Records
, Vol. X, Part 1, p. 288;
History of the 15th Regiment Iowa Veteran Volunteer Infantry
, by William W. Belknap, pp. 84-85.
11
Lew Wallace: An Autobiography
, Vol. II, p. 524;
History of the 53rd Regiment Ohio Volunteer Infantry
, p. 49;
Army Memoirs of Lucius W. Barber
, p. 53;
Official Records
, Vol. X, Part 1, p. 226;
Downing’s Civil War Diary
, p. 41.
12
History of the 53rd Regiment Ohio Volunteer Infantry
, p. 55.
13
Ulysses
S.
Grant and the Period of National Preservation and Reconstruction
, p. 135;
Official Records
, Vol. X, Part 1, p. 158;
A History of the Sixth Iowa Infantry
, p. 80;
History of the 15th Regiment Iowa Veteran Volunteer Infantry
, pp. 83, 110-11.
14
History of the 53rd Regiment Ohio Volunteer Infantry
, p. 51.
15
A History of the Sixth Iowa Infantry
, p. 89.
16
Official Records
, Vol. X, Part 1, p. 375.
17
Memoirs of the War
, by Capt. Ephraim A. Wilson, p. 112;
Downing’s Civil War Diary
, p. 43.
1
Official Records
, Vol. X, Part 1, p. 396.
2
Ibid., Vol. VI, p. 432.
3
Ibid., p. 832.
4
B. & L.
, Vol. II, pp. 25-29.
5
Official Records
, Vol. VI, p. 889.
6
There are excellent accounts of the running of the forts in
B. & L.
, Vol. II, pp. 33-91.
7
B. & L.
, Vol. II, p. 20.
8
Ohio at Shiloh: Report of the Commission
, pp. 79-80.
9
The Sherman Letters: Correspondence between General and Senator Sherman from 1837 to 1891
, pp. 143-45.
10
Army Memoirs of Lucius W. Barber
, pp. 62-63.
11
History of the Sixth Regiment Indiana Volunteer Infantry, by
C. C. Briant, pp. 130-31.
12
Ibid., p. 138.
13
Official Records
, Vol. X, Part 2, pp. 166, 172, 214.
14
Ibid., p. 548.
15
Ibid., p. 252.
16
For a discussion of this point, see Van Horne, Vol. I, p. 129.
1
Mr. Lincoln’s Army
, pp. 109-12.
2
B. & L.
, Vol. I, pp. 693-700. Americans often speak of
Merrimac
as the world’s first ironclad warship; actually when
Merrimac
was rebuilt the British navy had two ironclads in commission and the French had one.
3
Ibid., pp. 701-3, 719-50.
4
The point is stressed by Col. John Taylor Wood, CSA, in
B. & L.
, Vol. I, p. 711.
5
By all odds the best account of the whole valley operation is the one contained in Col. G. F. R. Henderson’s classic biography,
Stonewall Jackson and the American Civil War
.
1
The point is discussed in detail in
Mr. Lincoln’s Army
, pp. 131-33.
2
Cox, op. cit., Vol. I, p. 253;
Official Records
, Vol. XI, Part 3, p. 340.
3
Ibid., pp. 250-51.
4
B. & L.,
Vol. II, p. 337.
5
Official Records
, Vol. XI, Part 3, p. 266.
6
B. & L.,
Vol. III, pp. 394-95.
TURNING POINT
Kill, Confiscate or Destroy
1
Ormsby MacKnight Mitchel, Astronomer and General
, pp. 284-88, 315; Van Horne, Vol. I, pp. 130-32.
2
Ormsby MacKnight Mitchel, pp. 306-14, 330.
3
The Nineteenth Illinois
, by J. Henry Haynie, pp. 131-39, 144-46, 159, 165, 167;
Three Years with the Armies of the Ohio and the Cumberland
, by Angus L. Waddle, p. 17; Cox, op. cit., Vol. I, p. 436;
Official Records
, Vol. X, Part 2, pp. 212-13. Details about Turchin’s court-martial can be found in
Official Records
, Vol. XVI, Part 2, pp. 273-78.
4
The Nineteenth Illinois
, p. 171.
5
Army Life of an Illinois Soldier: Letters and Diary of the Late Charles W. Wills
, pp. 132, 134.
6
Ibid., p. 74.
7
Official Records
, Vol. XVII, Part 2, p. 81;
The History of Fuller’s Ohio Brigade
, p. 50.
8
History of the 51st Indiana Veteran Volunteer Infantry
, pp. 26-27, 31;
Letters from the Army
, by B. F. Stevenson, p. 247;
With the Rank and File
, by Thomas J. Ford, p. 120. Some mention should be made of the Union brigadier in Louisiana who solemnly warned his troops not to catch any chickens or geese in such a clumsy way as to get bitten
(History of the 77th Illinois Volunteer Infantry)
.
9
Official Records
, Vol. XVI, Part 1, p. 640. Perfectly typical of the Union soldier’s attitude is the blunt remark, “We thought anything belonging to a secessionist was for plunder,” in the manuscript letters of Elmer J. Barker, 5th New York Cavalry.
10
Story of the Service of Company E and of the 12th Wisconsin Regiment
, pp. 125-26.
11
Official Records
, Vol. XVI, Part 1, p. 644.
12
Letters of Ulysses S. Grant to His Father and Youngest Sister
, edited by Jesse Grant Cramer, pp. 69, 88;
General Grant’s Letters to a Friend
, with Introduction and Notes by James Grant Wilson, p. 27.
13
Ormsby MacKnight Mitchel
, pp. 317-19;
Memoirs of a Volunteer
, pp. 96, 103.
14
Mr. Lincoln’s Army
, pp. 155-56.
1
Official Records
, Vol. XI, Part 3, pp. 337-38.
2
Pope’s weird account of this campaign and battle is in
B. & L.
, Vol. II, pp. 449-94.
3
The Living Lincoln
, pp. 492, 493-94.
4
Mr. Lincoln’s Army
, pp. 51-54.
1
Official Records
, Vol. XVI, Part 2, p. 497. For a similar query sent by Lincoln to Gen. Horatio G. Wright at Cincinnati, see p. 496; Buell’s reply is p. 500.
2
Ibid., p. 421.
3
Ibid., Vol. XVII, Part 2, p. 222.