Read This Hallowed Ground Online
Authors: Bruce Catton
This Hallowed Ground (78 page)
1
Official Records
, Vol. XIX, Part 2, p. 505.
2
Reminiscences of the Civil War, from Diaries of Members of the 103rd Illinois Volunteer Infantry
, pp. 99, 133;
Story of the Service of Company E and of the 12th Wisconsin Regiment
, pp. 281-82.
3
Lewis, op. cit., pp. 357-58.
4
“Letters of C. C. Carpenter,” edited by Mildred Throne; from the
Iowa Journal of History
, January 1955, p. 84.
5
Reminiscences of the Civil War, from Diaries of Members of the 103rd Illinois Volunteer Infantry
, pp. 78, 95.
6
Lewis, op. cit., pp. 375-78.
7
Schofield, op. cit., pp. 131, 231-32.
8
The Life of Major General George H. Thomas
, pp. 243-45.
9
Lewis, op. cit., p. 386.
10
Manuscript letter of General Sherman to Emily Hoffman of Baltimore. Family tradition regarding Miss Hoffman’s receipt of the news of McPherson’s death, and her reaction to it, related by her grand-nephew, Mr. Walter Lord of New York.
11
Lewis, op. cit., p. 400.
1
For slavery as a race problem, see Allan Nevins and Henry Steele Commager,
America: The Story of a Free People
, pp. 214-15.
2
Abraham Lincoln
, by Benjamin P. Thomas, pp. 441-42.
3
Abraham Lincoln: The War Years
, Vol. III, p. 227.
4
Ibid., p. 218; Thomas, op. cit., p. 445.
5
B. & L.
, Vol. IV, pp. 379-400.
1
Lewis, op. cit., pp. 426, 430.
2
Ibid., p. 431.
3
B. & L.
, Vol. IV, p. 672;
History of the 104th Regiment of Illinois Volunteer Infantry
, pp. 252-53;
Reminiscences of the Civil War, from Diaries of Members of the 103rd Illinois Volunteer Infantry
, p. 147.
4
History of the 104th Regiment of Illinois Volunteer Infantry
, p. 252.
5
Manuscript letter, Sherman to Emily Hoffman;
Official Records
, Vol. XXX, Part 3, p. 698.
6
Reminiscences of the Civil War, from Diaries of Members of the 103rd Illinois Volunteer Infantry
, pp. 148, 149;
History of the 104th Regiment of Illinois Volunteer Infantry
, p. 278;
History of the 34th Regiment of Illinois Volunteer Infantry
, p. 106.
7
History of the 104th Regiment of Illinois Volunteer Infantry
, p. 263;
Footprints through Dixie
, p. 124.
8
Reminiscences of the Civil War, from Diaries of Members of the 103rd Illinois Volunteer Infantry
, p. 153.
9
Cox, op. cit., Vol. II, p. 234;
The History of the 104th Regiment of Illinois Volunteer
Infantry
, p. 279;
History of the 34th Regiment of Illinois Volunteer Infantry
, p. 173.
10
History of the 104th Regiment of Illinois Volunteer Infantry
, p. 258.
11
Reminiscences of the Civil War, from Diaries of Members of the 103rd Illinois Volunteer Infantry
, p. 164; Lewis, op. cit., p. 465; Cox, op. cit., Vol. II, p. 234.
12
Downing’s War Diary
, p. 237;
A History of the Sixth Iowa Infantry
, pp. 379-80, 384;
History of the 104th Regiment of Illinois Volunteer Infantry
, p. 279.
13
Lewis, op. cit., p. 471.
1
The most exhaustive discussion of Hood’s odd failure at Spring Hill, probably, is that of Stanley Horn in his excellent
Army of Tennessee
, pp. 384-95.
2
Footprints through Dixie
, pp. 136-37.
3
With the Rank and File
, pp. 18-19.
4
The Army of Tennessee
, pp. 399-404; Schofield, op. cit., pp. 177-79;
Opdycke Tigers
, pp. 339-53;
With the Rank and File
, pp. 16-17. Note that the youthful Colonel MacArthur of the 24th Wisconsin, who was wounded in this fight, later became the father of General Douglas MacArthur.
5
Footprints through Dixie
, pp. 142-43.
6
Manuscript diary of Henry Mortimer Hempstead.
7
The whole sequence of events is set forth in complete detail in Gen. James H. Wilson’s
Under the Old Flag
, Vol. II, pp. 64-93; see also
B. & L.,
Vol. IV, pp. 455-56.
8
Manuscript diary of Henry Mortimer Hempstead.
9
History of the 51st Indiana Veteran Volunteer Infantry
, p. 259;
History of the Fourteenth Illinois Cavalry
, p. 284.
10
Under the Old Flag
, Vol. II, pp. 122-23, 126.
11
Ibid., p. 95.
TWILIGHT AND VICTORY
Reap the Whirlwind
1
History of the 34th Regiment Illinois Volunteer Infantry
, pp. 179, 191.
2
Lewis, op. cit., p. 490.
3
History of the 83rd Regiment Indiana Volunteer Infantry
, p. 71;
History of the 34th Regiment Illinois Volunteer Infantry
, p. 354.
4
History of the 83rd Regiment Indiana Volunteer Infantry
, p. 77;
History of the 53rd Regiment Ohio Volunteer Infantry
, p. 176;
Reminiscences of the Civil War, from Diaries of Members of the 103rd Illinois Volunteer Infantry
, p. 176;
History of Fuller’s Ohio Brigade
, p. 265;
History of the 104th Regiment Illinois Volunteer Infantry
, pp. 309-10.
5
Echoes of the Civil War as I Hear Them
, pp. 268-69.
6
History of the 104th Regiment Illinois Volunteer Infantry
, p. 287.
7
Downing’s War Diary
, pp. 251, 259.
8
History of the Seventh Regiment Illinois Volunteer Infantry
, p. 297;
Reminiscences of the Civil War, from Diaries of Members of the 103rd Illinois Volunteer Infantry
, p. 183;
Story of the Service of Company E and of the 12th Wisconsin Regiment
, p. 407;
History of the Sixth Iowa Infantry
, pp. 411-14.
9
Lewis, op. cit., pp. 506-7.
10
B. & L.
, Vol. IV, p. 686.
11
Downing’s War Diary
, p. 260;
History of the 104th Regiment of Illinois Volunteer Infantry
, p. 309; Lewis, op. cit., p. 509.
1
Manuscript diary of Capt. Lot Abraham, 4th Iowa Cavalry.
2
Manuscript letters of Lewis Bissell, 2nd Connecticut Heavy Artillery.
3
Manuscript letters of David Carpenter, Massachusetts agent for the Christian Commission; Cox, op. cit., Vol. II, p. 397.
4
Official Records
, Series 4, Vol. III, p. 1131.
5
Ibid., pp. 1067-70.
6
Ibid., pp. 1161-62.
1
Personal Memoirs of U
. S.
Grant
, Vol. II, p. 489. Grant’s own account of the surrender proceedings and the version given by Col. Horace Porter in B. &
L.
, Vol. IV, pp. 729-46, have been followed here.
2
B. & L.
, Vol. IV, p. 744.
3
Lewis, op. cit., pp. 534-35.
4
Reminiscences of the Civil War, from Diaries of Members of the 103rd Illinois Volunteer Infantry
, p. 208. A similar note was sounded by an Ohio soldier, who said that “the country will just be riddled and burnt over,” adding wistfully: “I only wish that it was in some other state as there are a great many Union folks in N. C., but they will not escape.” (Manuscript letters of Frank O. Weary, 29th Ohio Infantry.)
5
The terms are summarized from Lewis, op. cit., pp. 540-41.
6
B. & L.
, Vol. IV, p. 757.
1
The Living Lincoln
, pp. 600, 638-40.
2
Abraham Lincoln: The War Years
, Vol. IV, pp. 319-21.
3
The Story of a Cavalry Regiment
, pp. 509, 522.
4
History of the Third Regiment of Wisconsin Veteran Volunteer Infantry
, pp. 331-32.
5
A History of the Sixth Iowa Infantry
, p. 463.
6
History of the 51st Indiana Veteran Volunteer Infantry
, p. 303; Manuscript diary of Capt. Lot Abraham.
7
Under the Maltese Cross, Antietam to Appomattox, narrated by the Rank and File
, pp. 382-83; New York
Herald
, May 24, 1865.
This book could hardly have been written without the help which was provided by a large number of very generous people. Manuscript sources dealing with the lives and thoughts of Civil War soldiers are widely scattered; to get at them a writer is bound to rely on the kindness of those who own them. He thereby incurs a debt which can hardly be repaid but which can at least be gratefully acknowledged.
In preparing this book, the following manuscript sources were used:
Letters of George L. Lang, of the 12th Wisconsin; loaned by Stanley Barnett, of Cleveland.
Letters of Abram S. Funk, of the 35th Iowa; loaned by Mrs. Erie M. Funk, of Long Beach, Calif.
Letters of Isaac Jackson, of the 83rd Ohio; loaned by J. O. Jackson, of Detroit.
Letters of Frank 0. Weary, drummer boy in the 29th Ohio Veteran Volunteers; loaned by G. H. Lohr, of Cuyahoga Falls, O.
Memoirs of Elmer J. Barker, of the 5th New York Cavalry; loaned by Dr. E. Eugene Barker, of Albany, N. Y.
Diary of Sgt. John P. Beech, of the 4th New Jersey; loaned by Albert C. Lambert, of Trenton, N. J.
Letters of James Gillette, of the 71st New York State Militia, later of the 4th Maryland Volunteers; loaned by Mrs. Amy G. Bassett, of Huletts Landing, N. Y.
Diary of Henry Mortimer Hempstead, of the 2nd Michigan Cavalry; loaned by Miss Helen Hempstead, of Saginaw, Mich.
Diary of Bowman Garrison, of the 7th Pennsylvania Reserves; loaned by Mrs. Charles Haskell Danforth, of Stanford University, Calif.
Diary of Corp. Loring N. Hayden, of the 24th Massachusetts; loaned by Mrs. Genevieve Hayden Berry, of Wollaston, Mass.
Letters of General William T. Sherman to Emily Hoffman of Baltimore; loaned by Walter Lord, of New York.
Diary of Capt. Lot Abraham, of the 4th Iowa Cavalry; loaned by John D. Adams, of Newark, N. J.
Letters of David Carpenter, Massachusetts agent for the Christian Commission; loaned by Mrs. Olive L. Sawyer, of New York.
Letters of John W. Chase, of the 1st Massachusetts Artillery; loaned by Mrs. Margaret J. Collier, of Arlington, Va.
Letters of Lewis Bissell, of the 2nd Connecticut Heavy Artillery; loaned by Carl H. Bissell, of Syracuse, N. Y.
Correspondence of Senator Charles Sumner during the summer of 1864; loaned by Mrs. Mary Reeve, of Clearfield, Pa.
Letter of General Francis Barlow; loaned by his daughter, Mrs. Pierre Jay, of New York.
Letters of General U. S. Grant to Mrs. Grant; photostatic copies provided by Ralph Newman, of Chicago.
Other people to whom thanks for assistance are due include the following:
E. B. Long and Earl Schenck Miers read the book in manuscript and made many helpful suggestions. (It should go without saying, of course, that neither of these gentlemen is responsible for any opinions expressed in this book or for any factual errors which may be found in the text.)
Clifford Dowdey generously sacrificed a weekend to guide me about the fascinating but confusing battlefields of the Seven Days’ fighting and shared with me his encyclopedic knowledge of that campaign.
L. Van Loan Naisawald of New York made available the findings of his extensive study of Civil War artillery.
Frank Warner, of Mineola, N.Y., kindly checked the facts in connection with the writing and first singing of the song “Year of Jubilo.”
Donald H. Richards, of Durham, N.H., gave me a copy of his excellent manuscript study of the 5th New Hampshire Volunteers.
Lewis Gannett, editor of the Mainstream of America Series, and Walter I. Bradbury, managing editor of Doubleday & Company, performed their editorial functions in a way that made my task much more pleasant and easy.
To the historians and other staff members of the National Park Service at many Civil War battlefield parks I am very deeply indebted. Without exception, these men have had both the will and the knowledge to be of most substantial assistance.
I am particularly grateful to Mrs. Donna Whiteman, of New York, for speedy and competent typing of this manuscript.
General Works
A principal reliance in the preparation of this book has of course been the indispensable
War of the Rebellion: a Compilation of the Official Records of the Union and Confederate Armies
, published by the War Department in 1902. It is cited here as
Official Records;
unless otherwise noted, volumes cited are from Series I. Use also has been made of the
Dictionary of American Biography
, edited by Dumas Malone. In addition, the following works were consulted: