Tudors (History of England Vol 2) (73 page)

Carew, Sir Peter,
ref 1

Carey, Sir Robert,
ref 1
,
ref 2

Carlisle: Mary Stuart flees to,
ref 1

Carlos, Don, prince of Asturias,
ref 1

Carthusian friars: refuse oath upon Act of Succession,
ref 1
; executed,
ref 1
,
ref 2
; properties destroyed,
ref 1
; emigrate to continent during Edward VI’s reign,
ref 1

Cartwright, Thomas,
ref 1

‘casket letters’,
ref 1

Castle Acre priory, Norfolk,
ref 1
,
ref 2

cathedrals: survive after dissolution of monasteries,
ref 1

Catherine de Medici, regent of France,
ref 1
,
ref 2
,
ref 3
,
ref 4

Catholic Church: flourishes in England,
ref 1
; calls for reform,
ref 1
,
ref 2
; and heretics,
ref 1
,
ref 2
; and king’s jurisdiction,
ref 1
; and anti-clericalism,
ref 1
,
ref 2
,
ref 3
; reforms,
ref 1
,
ref 2
; Wolsey controls in England,
ref 1
; attacked in parliament,
ref 1
; and Henry’s claims to supremacy,
ref 1
; Commons petition against,
ref 1
; offers concession to Henry,
ref 1
; and transubstantiation,
ref 1
; Henry wishes for reform,
ref 1
; members emigrate during Edward VI’s reign,
ref 1
; seasonal festivities silenced under Edward VI,
ref 1
; revival under Mary Tudor,
ref 1
,
ref 2
,
ref 3
; and persecution of Protestants,
ref 1
; followers persecuted under Elizabeth,
ref 1
,
ref 2
; subordinated under Elizabeth,
ref 1
,
ref 2
,
ref 3
; popular following,
ref 1
; and excommunication of Elizabeth,
ref 1
; discredited by St Bartholomew’s Day massacre,
ref 1
; extremism in France,
ref 1
; seminarians in England,
ref 1
; English statutes against,
ref 1
; members restricted in movement,
ref 1
; Hooker on,
ref 1
; and Protestant reformation,
ref 1
; rituals abolished,
ref 1
;
see also
religion

Catholic League,
ref 1

Cavendish, George,
ref 1
,
ref 2

Cecil, Sir Robert (
later
earl of Salisbury): career and appearance,
ref 1
; rivalry with Essex,
ref 1
,
ref 2
,
ref 3
,
ref 4
; supports Lopez,
ref 1
; appointed secretary of state,
ref 1
; Essex abuses,
ref 1
; as master of Court of Wards,
ref 1
; questions Essex on conduct in Ireland,
ref 1
; heads court faction,
ref 1
; imprisoned by Essex,
ref 1
; informed of Essex’s rebellion plan,
ref 1
; in negotiations with James VI of Scotland over succession,
ref 1
; Elizabeth rebukes for personal advice,
ref 1

Cecil, William
see
Burghley, Sir William Cecil, baron

Chancery, court of,
ref 1

chantry foundations,
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Charles V, Holy Roman Emperor: succeeds Ferdinand as king of Spain,
ref 1
; conflicts with Francis I,
ref 1
; succeeds as emperor,
ref 1
; Wolsey negotiates with,
ref 1
; meets Henry in England,
ref 1
; Pavia victory,
ref 1
; Mary Tudor betrothed to,
ref 1
; Henry makes treaty against Francis I,
ref 1
; released from betrothal to Mary,
ref 1
; and Henry’s seeking divorce from Katherine of Aragon,
ref 1
,
ref 2
; sacks Rome and imprisons pope,
ref 1
; Henry’s breach with,
ref 1
; as potential threat to Henry,
ref 1
; Henry warns of Cardinal Pole,
ref 1
; invasion threat to England,
ref 1
; proposes duchess of Milan as wife for Henry,
ref 1
; fails to form alliance with France,
ref 1
; Henry forms alliance against France,
ref 1
,
ref 2
; relations with papacy,
ref 1
; treaty with France (1544),
ref 1
; persecutes Protestants,
ref 1
,
ref 2
; and plot to depose Somerset,
ref 1
; supports Mary Tudor,
ref 1
,
ref 2
; prospective war with,
ref 1
; and Mary Tudor’s prospective marriage,
ref 1
; intends to abdicate,
ref 1

Charles IX, king of France: minority,
ref 1
; as prospective husband for Mary Stuart and Elizabeth,
ref 1
; and religious wars,
ref 1
; protests at bull excommunicating Elizabeth,
ref 1
; and prospective war against Spain,
ref 1

Charles, archduke of Austria, prospective marriage to Elizabeth,
ref 1
,
ref 2
,
ref 3
,
ref 4
,
ref 5

Charterhouse
see
Carthusians

Chartley Manor,
ref 1

Chaseabout Raid (Scotland, 1565),
ref 1

Chaucer, Geoffrey,
ref 1

Cheapside Cross: destroyed,
ref 1

Cheke, John,
ref 1
,
ref 2

Christ’s Hospital (school and orphanage),
ref 1
,
ref 2
,
ref 3

Church of England: Henry declared supreme head of,
ref 1
; survey of worth (1535),
ref 1
; Ten Articles (of faith),
ref 1
,
ref 2
; bishops’ statement of faith,
ref 1
; and Act of Uniformity (1549),
ref 1
; liturgy and practices,
ref 1
,
ref 2
,
ref 3
,
ref 4
,
ref 5
; use of English language,
ref 1
; orders of clergy,
ref 1
; statues and images limited,
ref 1
; plate and possessions expropriated,
ref 1
; compulsory attendance,
ref 1
; ecclesiastical laws,
ref 1
; and Thirty-Nine Articles,
ref 1
,
ref 2
; Mary heads,
ref 1
; convocation (1563),
ref 1
; doctrine of faith established,
ref 1
; named Anglican,
ref 1
; rules under Whitgift,
ref 1
; and Puritan criticism,
ref 1
; conformity to,
ref 1
; and Hooker’s policies,
ref 1
; reformation,
ref 1
;
see also
Book of Common Prayer

Churchyard, Thomas,
ref 1

Clement VII, pope: and annulment of Henry’s marriage to Katherine of Aragon,
ref 1
,
ref 2
,
ref 3
; and Henry’s marriage to Anne Boleyn,
ref 1
,
ref 2
; Henry’s campaign against,
ref 1
; and Henry’s pose as defender of the faith,
ref 1
; confirms Cranmer as archbishop,
ref 1
; threatens bishop of London,
ref 1
; declares Henry’s marriage to Katherine still valid,
ref 1
; bull of interdict and deposition against Henry,
ref 1

clergy: character of,
ref 1
; and heretics,
ref 1
; under law,
ref 1
; hostility to,
ref 1
,
ref 2
; attacked in parliament,
ref 1
; charged with
praemunire
,
ref 1
; repudiate Commons petition against grievances,
ref 1
; submit to Henry,
ref 1
,
ref 2
; self-indulgent and immoral behaviour,
ref 1
,
ref 2
; executed after rebellion,
ref 1
; move on dissolution of monasteries,
ref 1
; punished and executed after dissolution,
ref 1
,
ref 2
; in Church of England,
ref 1
; shortage of reformed,
ref 1
; obliged by Whitgift to assent to articles,
ref 1
;
see also
benefit of clergy

Clyst St Mary, Devon,
ref 1

coach: introduced to England,
ref 1

Cobbett, William,
ref 1

Cobbler, Captain,
ref 1

Cobham, Henry Brooke, 11th baron,
ref 1

Cobham, William Brooke, 10th baron,
ref 1

coinage: debased,
ref 1
,
ref 2
,
ref 3
; debasement reversed,
ref 1

Colchester abbey,
ref 1

Colet, John,
ref 1
,
ref 2

Coligny, Gaspard de,
ref 1

Collectanea satis copiosa
,
ref 1

Commons, House of
see
parliament

Company of the Mines Royal,
ref 1

Condé, Louis, prince of,
ref 1
,
ref 2

Confession of Augsburg,
ref 1

consubstantiation,
ref 1

convents: dissolved,
ref 1

Corunna,
ref 1

countryside: changes and decay,
ref 1

Courtenay, Lord Edward (
later
earl of Devonshire),
ref 1
,
ref 2

Coventry cathedral,
ref 1

Coverdale, Miles,
ref 1
,
ref 2
,
ref 3

Cox, Richard,
ref 1

Cranmer, Thomas, archbishop of Canterbury: meets at White Horse tavern,
ref 1
; supports Henry in divorce negotiations,
ref 1
; and relations between king and pope,
ref 1
,
ref 2
; sees portent in sky,
ref 1
; on Elizabeth Barton,
ref 1
,
ref 2
; appointed archbishop,
ref 1
; and constitutional changes,
ref 1
; crowns Anne Boleyn,
ref 1
; and More’s refusal to take oath,
ref 1
; on reformation,
ref 1
,
ref 2
; doubts over Anne Boleyn’s guilt,
ref 1
; draws up articles of faith,
ref 1
; and Pilgrimage of Grace,
ref 1
; on Henry’s triumph over enemies of reform,
ref 1
; proposes collegiate school at Canterbury,
ref 1
; supervises Henry’s corrected statement of belief,
ref 1
; letter from Melanchthon,
ref 1
; and religious reforms,
ref 1
,
ref 2
,
ref 3
,
ref 4
,
ref 5
; sends family into exile,
ref 1
; on Six Articles,
ref 1
; supports Cromwell,
ref 1
; as senior counsellor,
ref 1
; investigates Katherine Howard’s infidelities,
ref 1
; supports reform and accused of heresy,
ref 1
; modifies beliefs,
ref 1
; and death of Henry,
ref 1
; grows beard,
ref 1
; Latimer lives with,
ref 1
; frames Act of Uniformity,
ref 1
,
ref 2
; turns against Somerset,
ref 1
; advises Edward VI to appoint reformers to council,
ref 1
,
ref 2
; detained and tried,
ref 1
; celebrates burning of Joan Bocher,
ref 1
; degraded,
ref 1
; recantations,
ref 1
; burnt and denies recantations,
ref 1
;
Book of Homilies
,
ref 1
,
ref 2
;
A Code of Ecclesiastical Constitutions
,
ref 1
;
A Collection of the Articles of Religion
,
ref 1

crime: increase in 1590s,
ref 1

Cromwell, Oliver,
ref 1

Cromwell, Thomas: on affairs of parliament,
ref 1
; background and career,
ref 1
; opposes invasion of France,
ref 1
; devotion to Wolsey,
ref 1
; rise to power,
ref 1
,
ref 2
; and Norfolk’s threat to Wolsey,
ref 1
; and constitutional changes,
ref 1
; and secrecy of Dunstable ecclesiastical court,
ref 1
; investigates Elizabeth Barton,
ref 1
; recruits Latimer,
ref 1
; system of supervision and control,
ref 1
; and More’s refusal to take oath,
ref 1
; appointed viceregent,
ref 1
; supervises collection of Church revenues,
ref 1
; and fate of Fisher and More,
ref 1
; on visitation of monasteries,
ref 1
; religious reforms,
ref 1
,
ref 2
,
ref 3
,
ref 4
; and Henry’s infidelities,
ref 1
; on commission into treason,
ref 1
; disagreements with Henry,
ref 1
; and Anne Boleyn’s downfall,
ref 1
; warns Mary Tudor,
ref 1
; orders dissolution of monasteries,
ref 1
,
ref 2
,
ref 3
; and rebellions in North,
ref 1
,
ref 2
,
ref 3
,
ref 4
,
ref 5
,
ref 6
; Aske attacks,
ref 1
; appropriates monastic lands and possessions,
ref 1
; threatens defiant friar,
ref 1
; and burning of John Forrest,
ref 1
; decrees possession of English Bible in every church,
ref 1
; introduces parish registers,
ref 1
; military preparations against papal threat,
ref 1
; supports Anne of Cleves as wife for Henry,
ref 1
,
ref 2
; arrested and charged with treason,
ref 1
; created earl of Essex,
ref 1
; beheaded,
ref 1

Crowley, Robert:
The Way to Wealth
,
ref 1

Culpeper, Thomas,
ref 1

custom: replaced by law,
ref 1