Unholy Fury (54 page)

46
   Memoranda, Sonnenfeldt to Kissinger, 10 January 1973 and 25 May 1973, NSC Files, Country Files (Europe), Box 707, RNL.

47
   Memorandum of Conversation, Sir Burke Trend with Dr Kissinger, British Embassy, Washington, 16 January 1973, NSC Files, HAK Office Files, Country Files (Europe), RNL.

48
   Freudenberg,
A Certain Grandeur
, p. 259.

49
   EGW, quoted in
Nation Review
, 11–17 January 1974.

50
   Cairns, quoted in Strangio,
Keeper of the Faith
, p. 248.

51
   
Canberra Times
, 19 December 1972; Freudenberg,
A Figure of Speech
, p. 140.

52
   Outward Cablegram, ‘Relations with the United States', 18 December 1972, A1838/2, 250/9/1, Part 14, NAA.

53
   
Australian
, 20 December 1972;
Australian Financial Review
, 29 December 1972; Age, 22 December 1972.

54
   Cable, For Ambassador Rice from Assistant Secretary Green, 21 December 1972, NSC Files, Presidential Correspondence 1969–74, Box 748, RNL.

55
   Correspondence, Whitlam to Nixon, 20 December 1972, in Gough Whitlam,
The Whitlam Government
, pp. 42–3.

56
   Green's comments reported in
Nation Review
, 11–17 January 1974.

57
   Correspondence, Peters (British High Commission Canberra) to Hickman (FCO), 12 January 1973, FCO 24/1596, TNA.

58
   Memorandum, Secretary of State to the President, 22 December 1972, NSC Files, Presidential Correspondence 1969–1974, Box 748, RNL. Marshall Green summoned the Japanese ambassador in Washington to discuss the Whitlam plan, but, as Mungo Macallum reported in
Nation Review
in January 1974, the Japanese did not even know how Nixon had been approached by Australia and in what way Nixon had responded.

59
   Memorandum, John H Holdridge to Mr Kennedy, 22 December 1972, NSC Files, Presidential Correspondence 1969–1974, Box 748, RNL.

60
   Telcon, Kissinger and Roy Fernandez (Charge D'Affaires, Australian Embassy), 20 December 1972, NSC Files, Presidential Correspondence, 1969–74, Box 748, NARA.

61
   Draft Correspondence, Nixon to Whitlam, 20 December 1972, NSC Files, Presidential Correspondence 1969–1974, Box 748, RNL.

62
   Correspondence, Kirk to Nixon, 22 December 1972; Nixon to Kirk, 20 December 1972, Presidential Correspondence, 1969–74, Box 759, RNL.

63
   Correspondence, Peters to Hickman, 10 January 1973, FCO 24/1596, TNA.

64
   Ross Terrill, ‘The Case of the Shaky Ally: The US-Australia Cold War of 1972–73',
The Weekly Standard
, vol. 17, no. 39 (25 June 2012); Ross Terrill, Diary, 29 December 2012, shown to the author.

65
   Barbara Keys, ‘Henry Kissinger: The Emotional Statesman', p. 591.

66
   Record of Conversation, Sir Keith Waller with Mr Hugh Appling, 22 December 1972, Canberra, A1838, 250/9/1, Part 14, NAA.

67
   Record of Conversation, Sir Keith Waller with Mr Hugh Appling, 24 December 1972, Canberra, A1838, 250/9/1, Part 14, NAA.

68
   Telegram 6839, Canberra to Secretary of State, Conversation between Senator Percy and PM Whitlam, 24 December 1972, RG 59, SNF 1970–73, Box 2109, NARA.

69
   Paul Hasluck,
The Chance of Politics
(Melbourne: Text, 1997), p. 202.

70
   Record of Conversation, Prime Minister and Minister for Foreign Affairs with Sir Keith Waller, Sir James Plimsoll, Dr P Wilenski, Mr RS Laurie, Kirribilli House, Sydney, 28 December 1972, A1838, 250/9/1, Part 14, NAA.

71
   Telcon, Nixon and Kissinger, Camp David Study Table, 29 December 1972, 12:01–12:08pm, White House Tapes, Reference 158B, Conversation No. 158 15, RNL.

72
   Ibid. Speaking with British Prime Minister Heath in early February, Nixon confessed to finding it ‘hard to understand the Australian position. They should have an interest in keeping us there (i.e. in South East Asia). He wondered
whether Whitlam was an isolationist'. Memorandum of Conversation, Nixon and British Prime Minister Heath, Washington DC, 1 February 1973, NSC Files, HAK Office Files, Country Files (Europe) Box 7, RNL.

73
   
NewYork Times
, 8 January 1973.

74
   Correspondence, W Peters to JW Hickman, 12 January 1973, FCO 25/1596, TNA.

75
   Memorandum of Conversation, Nobuhiro Ushiba and Henry Kissinger, Washington, 4 January 1973, in
FRUS, 1969–1976
, vol. E-12 Documents on East and SouthEast Asia, 1973–76, Document 165.

Chapter 7: On Nixon's ‘Shit List': A ‘Downward Slide' in Relations

1
    Thus the Philippines, Indonesia, New Zealand and Singapore were also not mentioned. Memorandum from President Nixon to His Assistant (Haldeman), His Assistant for Domestic Affairs (Erlichman) and His Assistant for National Security Affairs (Kissinger), Washington, 2 March 1970, in
FRUS, 1969–1976
, vol. 1, pp. 204–05. See also Edward Keefer, ‘Nixon and Asia', p. 112.

2
    EGW,
The Whitlam Government
, p. 43.

3
    Marshall Green, quoted in
SMH
, 15 February 1988.

4
    Cairns,
Age
, 29 December 1972. The statement was issued with Victorian Labor Senator Bill Brown. See Strangio,
Keeper of the Faith
, pp. 249–50.

5
    Cameron, Age, 30 December 1972; Uren,
Australian
, 8 January 1973;
SMH
, 8 January 1973.

6
    Gietzelt,
Nation Review
, 11–17 January 1974.

7
    Gabriel Kolko,
Anatomy of a
Wjr—
Vietnam, the United States and the Modern Historical Experience
(The New Press: New York, 1985), pp. 439–44; see also Logevall, ‘The Swedish-American Conflict over Vietnam', pp. 421–45.

8
    Memorandum of Conversation, Nixon and Goodpaster, 15 February 1973, cited in Dallek,
Nixon and Kissinger
, p. 466.

9
    EGW,
CPD
, H of R, 27 February 1973, p. 25.

10
   See Malcolm Saunders, ‘The Trade Unions in Australia and Opposition to Vietnam Conscription, 1965–73',
Labour History
, no. 43 (November 1982), p. 76.

11
   On the background to the shipping ban see John Hurst in
Australian
, 5 January 1973.

12
   The following unions were involved: Seamen's; Storemen and Packers; Federated Ship Painters and Dockers; Federated Shipwrights; Waterside Workers Federation; Waterside Workers Federation Mechanical Branch; Firemen and Deckhands; Tugs and Lightermen's; Miscellaneous Workers.

13
   Saunders, ‘The Trade Unions in Australia and Opposition to Vietnam and Conscription, 1965–73', p. 77.

14
   
Australian
, 3 January 1973.

15
   Gallagher, quoted in
Australian
, 5 January 1973.

16
   
Australian
, 3 January 1973.

17
   AAP report, 3 January 1973, in A1838/2, 250/9/1, Part 14, NAA.

18
   This was revealed in
Nation Review
, 11–17 January 1974.

19
   Correspondence, Peters (British High Commission Canberra) to Hickman (FCO), 10 January 1973, FCO 24/1596, TNA.

20
   Cable, Australian Embassy Washington to Department of Foreign Affairs, 29 December 1972, quoted in Nation Review, 11–17 January 1974.

21
   Cable, Australian Embassy Washington to Department of Foreign Affairs, 2 January 1973, quoted in
Nation Review
, 11–17 January 1974.

22
   Gleason, quoted in
AAP/Reuters
Wire Report, 5 January 1973, in A1838, 250/9/1, Part 14, NAA.

23
   
Age
, 6 January 1973.

24
   
AAP/Reuters
Wire Report, 5 January 1973, in A1838, 250/9/1, Part 14, NAA.

25
   
Age
, 8 January 1973.

26
   
SMH
, 4 and 5 January 1973.

27
   Age, 4 January 1973;
Courier Mail
, 4 January 1973. The quote from Jefferson which adorned the masthead daily was ‘Our Liberty depends on the Freedom of the Press, and that cannot be limited without being lost'.

28
   
Australian
, 4 January 1973.

29
   Memorandum, Herbert G Klein to the President, 4 January 1973, Nixon Presidential Materials, White House Central Files, Subject Files, Country Office Files, Box 10 (Australia), RNL.

30
   Record of Conversation, Whitlam with Sir Laurence McIntyre, Dr Wilenski, Mr KCO Shann, Mr RS Laurie, Kirribilli House, 2 January 1973, A1838, 250/9/1, Part 14, NAA.

31
   Record of Telephone Conversation, the Prime Minister with Sir Keith Waller, 4 January 1973, A1838 250/9/1, Part 14, NAA.

32
   
Australian
, 9 January 1973;
Sun-Herald
, 7 January 1973; Age, 8 January 1973;
Courier-Mail
, 5 January 1973.

33
   
Australian
, 5 January 1973.

34
   ‘Whitlam's First Test',
Bulletin
, 13 January 1973.

35
   Telegram 90, Canberra to Secretary of State, Conversation with Australian Ambassador, 4 January 1973, SNF 1970–73, Box 2109, RG 59, NARA.

36
   The ANZUS Council meetings were held annually and attended by high-level officials from the three countries. Telegram 4170, Secretary of State to Canberra, 9 January 1973, SNF 1970–73, Box 2109, RG 59, NARA.

37
   Telegram, RJ Hawke, President, ACTU to Elliot, 8 January 1972, in RH13/18/F183, Bob Hawke Prime Ministerial Library, Adelaide (BHPML).

38
   Saunders, ‘The Trade Unions in Australia and Opposition to Vietnam Conscription, 1965–73', p. 78.

39
   Resolution from Seamen's Union, 9 January 1973, RH 13/18/F183, BHPML.

40
   Record of Conversation, Prime Minister Whitlam with US Ambassador Walter Rice, Canberra, 9 January 1973, A1838, 250/9/1, Part 14, NAA; see also the US record of this discussion in Records of the American Embassy, Canberra, Classified Central Subject Files, Box 70, RG 84, NARA.

41
   Although Uren had made his remarks during a speech at a peace rally, Cairns and Cameron had no such pre-existing arrangements to deliver their comments. They were delivered ex tempore to the press.

42
   The Prime Minister's Press Conference at Parliament House, Canberra, 9 January 1973, transcript, WI, accessed 10 August 2013.

43
   SMH, 11 January 1973.

44
   EGW, Address to the Opening of the Australian Institute of Political Science Summer School (AIPPSS), Canberra, 27 January 1973, in
Australian Foreign Affairs Record
, vol. 44, no. 1 (January 1973).

45
   Memorandum, Holdridge (NSC) to Kissinger, 1 February 1973,
FRUS, 1969–1976
, vol. E-12, Document 26,
https://history.state.gov/historicaldocuments/frus1969–76ve12
, accessed July 2011.

46
   EGW, Address to Opening of AIPSSS, 27 January 1973.

47
   Memorandum, Holdridge to Kissinger, 1 February 1973.

48
   Ibid.

49
   Correspondence, Nixon to Whitlam, 20 February 1973; also Memorandum, John A Froebe to Kissinger, 20 February 1973, both in NSC Files, Presidential Correspondence 1969–1974, Box 748, RNL.

50
   The American ambassador had been instructed by the White House to say that because of ‘diminishing interest in the Coral Sea Anniversary' in Australia, a presidential representative might be sent only once every five years, and since the thirtieth anniversary had fallen in 1972, the next representative would not be sent until 1977. I am grateful to Matthew Graves for this reference, which is based on several ‘Notes for File' held in the National Archives of Australia penned by the Secretary of the Department of Prime Minister and Cabinet, EJ Bunting, in March 1973 after his discussions with Walter Rice.

51
   Minutes of a Washington Special Actions Group Meeting, 24 January 1973, in
FRUS, 1969–1976
, vol. IX, Vietnam: October 1972-January 1973, Document 334.

52
   Minute, HA Overton to Mr Unwin, ‘Statements about the US and Vietnam', 24 January 1973, FCO24/1596, TNA.

53
   Memorandum of Conversation, Washington, 2 May 1973, Peter Wilenski and Dr Kissinger, in
FRUS, 1969–1976
, vol. E-12, Documents on East and SouthEast Asia, 1973–1976, Document 30.

54
   Memorandum of Conversation, William Rogers and Lee Kuan Yew, Washington, 6 April 1973, NSC Files, VIP Visits, Box 938, RNL.

55
   Memorandum of Conversation, The President and Prime Minister Heath, Washington, 1 February 1973, NSC Files, HAK Office Files, Country Files (Europe), RNL.

56
   See James Curran and Stuart Ward,
The Unknown Nation: Australia After Empire
,
Chapter 5
.

57
   Memorandum of Conversation, Heath and Nixon, Washington, 1 February 1973, PREM 15/1978, TNA.

58
   Memorandum of Conversation, The President and Prime Minister Heath, Washington, 1 February 1973, NSC Files, HAK Office Files, Country Files (Europe), RNL.

59
   Memorandum of Conversation, The President and Former Prime Minister Sato, 31 January 1973, NSC Files, VIP Visits, Box 927, RNL.