Wallach's Interpretation of Diagnostic Tests: Pathways to Arriving at a Clinical Diagnosis (1064 page)

   Starvation with metabolic acidosis

   Kwashiorkor, protein–calorie malnutrition

   Endocrine

   Hyperthyroidism

   Aldosteronism (primary and secondary)

   Hyperparathyroidism and other causes of hypercalcemia

   Hypoparathyroidism

   DM (in ≤39% of patients; caused by osmotic diuresis)

   Metabolic

   Excessive lactation

   Third trimester of pregnancy

   Insulin treatment of diabetic coma

   Other

   Toxemia of pregnancy or eclampsia