Wallach's Interpretation of Diagnostic Tests: Pathways to Arriving at a Clinical Diagnosis (1278 page)

   (Negative) absence of cells identified with numeric chromosomal aberrations associated with urothelial carcinoma

   (Positive) presence of cells identified with numeric chromosomal aberrations associated with urothelial carcinoma

   Use

   The UroVysion™ FISH test is intended to be used in conjunction with standard diagnostic procedures for the primary diagnosis of bladder cancer in patients with hematuria and in subsequent monitoring for tumor recurrence.

   Interpretation

   Limitations

   Mutations or genetic defects other than amplification of chromosomes 3, 7, or 17; or other than deletion of the 9p21 locus, will not be detected.

   Minimum specimen volume ≥35 mL.

   Specimens are stable to 72 hours only if fixed with Saccomanno or PreservCyt
^®
fixative.

VANILLYLMANDELIC ACID (VMA), URINE

   Definition

   Major metabolite of catecholamine, historically has been used to screen pheochromocytoma. The current recommended test now is fractionated plasma free metanephrines.

   Other names: 3-methoxy-4-hydroxymandelic acid and 4-hydroxy-3- methoxymandelic acid.