Wallach's Interpretation of Diagnostic Tests: Pathways to Arriving at a Clinical Diagnosis (798 page)

   WBC count >1 × 10
⁹
/L with lymphocytes >50%: TB, cancer, lymphoma, CLL

   WBC count >1 × 10
¹⁰
/L with approximately 80% neutrophils: effusions associated with bacterial pneumonia

   WBC with eosinophilia: postpneumothorax, trauma, hypersensitivity reactions, CHF, fungal and parasitic infections, SLE, Hodgkin lymphoma

   Pericardial fluid

   Appearance

   Bloody: pericarditis, status postmyocardial infarction, TB, RA, SLE, carcinoma, aspiration of blood from the cardiac cavity

   Cell counts and differential

   WBC count 1 × 10
⁹
/L with increased lymphocytes: pericardial tuberculosis

   WBC count 1 × 10
⁹
/L with increased neutrophils: bacterial or viral pericarditis

   Peritoneal fluid

   Appearance

   Cloudy or turbid: appendicitis, pancreatitis, intestinal volvulus, ruptured bowel, sepsis

   Bile-stained: perforated duodenal ulcer, perforated intestine, gallbladder disease or perforation, acute pancreatitis