Wallach's Interpretation of Diagnostic Tests: Pathways to Arriving at a Clinical Diagnosis (82 page)

   Hydrocephalus

   Hypoxia

   Decreased blood O
₂
content and tension (e.g., lung disease, high altitude) (see eBook Figure 4-8)

   Decreased blood O
₂
content with normal tension (e.g., anemia, carbon monoxide poisoning, methemoglobinemia)

   Infection (e.g., meningitis, encephalitis)

   Postictal state

   Vascular abnormalities (e.g., subarachnoid hemorrhage, hypertensive encephalopathy [see eBook Figure 4-9], shock, acute myocardial infarction, aortic stenosis, Adams-Stokes disease, tachycardias)

   Metabolic abnormalities, such as hyponatremia with central pontine myelinolysis (see eBook Figure 4-10)

   Acid–base imbalance (acidosis, alkalosis)

   Electrolyte imbalance (increased or decreased sodium, potassium, calcium, magnesium)

   Porphyrias

   Aminoacidurias

   Uremia

   Hepatic encephalopathy