Women Aviators (30 page)

polar flights,
186–187
,
188–189
,
191

Mystery Circus,
139

NASA,
199

NASA Vertical Motion Simulator,
71

Nassau Boulevard Aviation Meet,
21

National Aerobatic Championships,
157

National Negro Airmen Association of America,
93

National Women's Air Derby,
42–44
,
49
,
56–57
,
63–64
,
139

navigation,
47
,
106
,
162
,
163
,
187

Nicholas II, Tsar,
12–13

Nichols, Ruth Rowland,
172–178

accidents,
173
,
177

aviation records,
176–177

background,
175

military career,
168

Relief Wings,
172–173

Nichols family,
175

Night Witches,
122

Nikumaroro Island,
53

Ninety-Nines organization,
44
,
58
,
170–171

Noonan, Fred,
46–47

North Pole,
162

Norwegian Polar Institute,
164

Noyes, Blanche,
55–56
,
57
,
170

Odlum, Floyd,
105–106
,
107

Omlie, Phoebe,
57
,
59
,
170

Organization of Black Airline Pilots,
144

Ossipenko, Paulina,
119–121

P-51 airplanes,
115

Paneok, Ellen,
162

Panetta, Leon,
102

parachutes,
181

Park Kyung-won,
82

Payne, Betty,
94

Pedersen, Einar,
161–162
,
164

Pedersen, Ingrid,
161–165

background,
163–164

polar flights,
161–163
,
164
,
165

Penn School of Aeronautics,
59

Peruvian Air Force,
198

Pittman, Bessie.
See
Cochran, Jacqueline

poachers,
158

Polar First team,
188

polar navigation,
162
,
163
,
187

Post, Wiley,
182

postage stamps,
31
,
184

Pioneers of Aviation series stamps,
23–24

Power Puff Derby,
43
,
56–57

Purdue University,
52

pursuit pilots,
115

Putnam, George,
49

Quimby, Harriet,
16–24

achievements,
23–24

background,
18
,
20

English Channel flights,
16–18
,
20–22

first female pilot,
20

Quimby, Ursula,
18–19

Quimby, William,
18

racial discrimination,
92–93
,
94

Radio Service Station,
62

Raiche, Bessica,
7

Rainey, Barbara Allen,
101

Raskova, Marina,
119–123

refueling procedures,
64–65

Reims, France,
8

Reitsch, Hanna,
125–131

aviation records,
127–128
,
130

background,
126–127

military service,
125–126
,
129

Relief Wings,
59
,
172–173

Richey, Helen,
98
,
134
,
142
,
143

Ride, Sally,
152

Rimmerman, Rachel,
183

Rimmerman, Sara,
183

Rippelmeyer, Lynn,
134
,
142
,
145–146

rivets,
66

Robinson, John,
92

Rodgers, Lorraine,
100

Rogers, Harry,
175

Roosevelt, Eleanor,
103

Royal Canadian Air Cadets,
195

Ryan Flying School,
106

safety

early aviation,
12
,
19
,
38
,
57

FAA oversight,
150–151

Save the Children,
191

Schiller, Melitta,
126

Schumacher, Raoul,
88

Scott, Blanche,
7

seaplanes,
175

Shakhovskaya, Eugenie M.,
97

Silver, Gertrude Tompkins,
100

Skelton, Betty,
157

Sky My Kingdom, The (Reitsch),
126–127

Smith, Elinor,
67–71

aviation records,
63
,
70

awards/achievements,
69
,
70
,
71

background,
69

bridge flight,
67–69

refueling endurance flights,
64–65

Smith, Ida Van,
192–196

background,
193
,
194

flight clubs,
192–193
,
194

Smith, Tom,
69

Snook, Anita “Neta,”
32–39

background,
32–35

barnstorming,
36–37

Earhart and,
38

Kinner Field,
37

Snook family,
34

Society for Cooperation in Defense and Aviation-Chemical Development (OSOAVIAKhIM),
119

SOS Children's Villages,
186

sound barrier,
108
,
140

Southern, William Curtiss (son),
38

Southern, William (father),
38

Soviet pilots,
118
,
122

Spirit of Columbus,
51

Stinson, Eddie,
175

Stinson, Katherine,
73
,
74–75

Stinson, Marjorie,
73
,
74–75

Stinson School for Aviation,
75

Stultz, Wilmer,
49

stunt pilots,
134
,
136–137
,
158

Sullivan, Patrick,
71

Summer Flight Academy,
195

Sunset Oil Company,
63

Surnachevskaya, Raisa,
122

T-3 ice island,
162–163

tanker flying,
159

Tereshkova, Valentina,
152

Thaden, Herbert von,
58

Thaden, Louise McPhetridge,
55–60

aviation records,
58

background,
58

Bendix Transcontinental Air Race,
55–56

military career,
59

National Women's Air Derby,
43
,
56–57

publicity activities,
58–59

Thomas, B. Douglas,
36

Thomas, W. E. “Tommy,”
62

Thunderbirds jet team,
102

Thurn, Violet Clara.
See
Cowden, Violet “Vi”

Tiburzi, Bonnie,
144–145

TIGHAR (The International Group for Historic Aircraft Recovery),
53

Time magazine,
100

Titanic disaster,
22

Transportation Security Administration (TSA),
151

Travel Air,
58

Trout, Evelyn “Bobbi,”
61–66

aviation records,
59
,
63
,
70

awards/achievements,
62
,
65
,
66

background,
61–62

refueling endurance flights,
64–65

Women's Air Reserve,
139

Trout family,
62

Truman, Harry,
168

Tuskegee Airmen,
31
,
93

20 Hrs.,
40
Min. (Earhart),
49

US Aerobatic Team,
155

US Jenny (World War I surplus US Army Curtiss JN-4),
29
,
36

US Naval Flight Training School,
101

Vacher, Polly,
165

velocipedes,
9

Vinokourova, Natalia,
120

Voisin, Charles,
11–12
,
13

Voisin, Gabriel,
11

von Greim, Robert Ritter,
125–126

Wagstaff, Bob,
156

Wagstaff, Patty,
155–160

aerobatics,
155
,
156–158

background,
156

firefighting career,
158–160

Walker, Jimmy,
68

Warner, Emily,
144

Waters, Enoch,
91

Wells, Fay Gillis,
179–185

accidents,
180–181

background,
181–182

journalism career,
182
,
183

Wells, Linton,
182

West with the Night (Markham),
88–89

Whirly-Girls,
128

Whyte, Edna Gardner,
72–78

aerobatics,
74
,
76

awards/achievements,
75
,
77

background,
72–73

nursing career,
73
,
76

Whyte, George,
77

Will, William,
30

Willard, William,
22–23

Williams, Eleanor,
94

Wings of Silver (documentary),
116

Women's Air Derby,
42–44
,
49
,
56–57
,
63–64
,
139

Women's Airforce Service Pilots (WASPs),
115

overview,
99–101
,
105

accident rates,
100
,
107–108

cancellation of program,
100
,
108

military status,
101
,
116

racial discrimination,
93

sabotage,
100

training program,
112–113

Women's Air Reserve (WAR),
139

Women's Auxiliary Ferrying Squadron (WAFS),
104

Women's Flying Training Detachment (WFTD),
104

Women's International Air Race,
77

Woolfolk, Sally D.,
101

World War I,
14
,
35

World War II,
97–98
,
99
,
115
,
121
,
125

Wright, Katherine,
1–2

Wright, Orville,
1–2
,
11
,
58
,
69
,
138

Wright, Wilbur,
1–2
,
10–11

Yeager, Chuck,
108
,
140

youth organizations,
170–171
,
195

KAREN BUSH GIBSON
is the author of three dozen books for young readers, including
Women in Space
and
Native American History for Kids.

Jacket design: Sarah Olson Front cover photos:
(top)
Nancy Love (National Archives);
(bottom, from left to right)
Bessie Coleman (San Diego Air and Space Museum); Neta Snook (Ames Historical Society); Hazel Ying Lee (Courtesy of Texas Women's University Women's Collection); Willa Brown (National Archives)

Printed in the United States of America