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10
Sperber,
European Revolutions
, pp. 184-5.
11
AN, BB/30/333 (dossier 1: Avocat-général of Rennes to the Minister of Justice, 6 June 1848).
12
Siemann,
German Revolution
, pp. 103-4; Sperber,
European Revolutions
, p. 162.
13
Deme,
Radical Left
, pp. 53-4.
14
Pech,
Czech Revolution
, pp. 67-8.
15
S. Z. Pech, ‘Czech Peasantry in 1848', M. Rechcigl, Jr,
Czechoslovakia Past and Present
, 2 vols (The Hague and Paris: Mouton, 1968), ii, pp. 1280-3.
16
Quoted in Blum,
End of the Old Order
, p. 382.
17
Quoted in Pech, ‘Czech Peasantry', p. 1285.
18
Quoted in Blum,
End of the Old Order
, p. 402.
19
Rath,
Viennese Revolution
, p. 127.
20
Blum,
End of the Old Order
, pp. 389-90.
21
Quoted in Pech, ‘Czech Peasantry', p. 1289.
22
Deme,
Radical Left
, pp. 51-2.
23
Leiningen-Westerburg,
Letters and Journal
, pp. 73, 74-5.
24
Quoted in Himka,
Galician Villagers
, p. 27 n.
25
Price,
French Second Republic
, p. 118.
26
AN, BB/30/333, dossier 1.
27
Blum,
End of the Old Order
, p. 371.
28
W. J. Orr, Jr., ‘East Prussia and the Revolution of 1848',
Central European History
, vol. 13 (1980), pp. 303-31, p. 316.
29
Bismarck,
Reflections and Reminiscences
, i, p. 49.
30
P. Ginsborg, ‘Peasants and Revolutionaries in Venice and the Veneto',
Historical Journal
, vol. 17 (1974), pp. 503-50, p. 537.
31
Stiles,
Austria in 1848-49
, i, p. 172.
32
Ibid., ii, pp. 92-6; Rath,
Viennese Revolution
, pp. 324-6.
33
Stiles,
Austria in 1848-49
, ii, pp. 97-101; Rath,
Viennese Revolution
, pp. 326-9.
34
Stiles,
Austria in 1848-49
, ii, p. 110.
35
Hübner,
Une Année
, p. 342.
36
Rath,
Viennese Revolution
, pp. 331-4.
37
Ibid., p. 343.
38
Ibid., p. 345.
39
Hübner,
Une Année
, pp. 359-60.
40
Rath,
Viennese Revolution
, pp. 346-8.
41
Quoted in Deak,
Lawful Revolution
, p. 180.
42
Stiles,
Austria in 1848-49
, ii, p. 129.
43
Hübner,
Une Année
, p. 396.
44
Stiles,
Austria in 1848-49
, ii, p. 132.
45
A. Görgey,
My Life and Acts in Hungary in the Years 1848 and 1849
, 2 vols (London, 1852), i, p. 70.
46
Deak,
Lawful Revolution
, pp. 180-2. See also Görgey's account in
My Life and Acts
, i, pp. 78-92.
47
Hübner,
Une Année
, p. 396.
48
Ibid., p. 393.
49
Fröbel's testimony in Eyck,
Revolutions of 1848-49
, pp. 127-33.
50
Hübner,
Une Année
, pp. 434-5.
51
Sked,
Decline and Fall
, pp. 137-9.
52
Quoted in ibid., p. 133.
53
Hübner,
Une Année
, p. 451-2.
54
Rath,
Viennese Revolution
, p. 364.
55
Quoted in Siemann,
German Revolution
, p. 166.
56
Valentin,
1848
, pp. 340-1.
57
Gall,
Bismarck
, i, p. 50.
58
Siemann,
German Revolution
, pp. 105-7; Sperber,
European Revolutions
, p. 161.
59
Gall,
Bismarck
, i, pp. 46-51.
60
Quoted in Craig,
Politics of the Prussian Army
, p. 117.
61
Randers-Pehrson,
Germans and the Revolution
, pp. 424-9.
62
Quoted in Craig,
Politics of the Prussian Army
, p. 119.
63
Lewald,
Year of Revolutions
, p. 141; Stadelmann,
German Revolution
, p. 154.
64
Lewald,
Year of Revolutions
, pp. 145-6.
65
Craig,
Politics of the Prussian Army
, p. 120.
66
Lewald,
Year of Revolutions
, pp. 148-9.
67
Randers-Pehrson,
Germans and the Revolution
, pp. 431-6; Siemann,
German Revolution
, pp. 168-9; Stadelmann,
Social and Political History
, p. 155; Koch,
Constitutional History
, p. 71.
68
Quoted in Winkler,
Germany: The Long Road West
, i, p. 104.
69
Allen and Hughes,
German Parliamentary Debates
, p. 33.
70
Ibid., p. 92.
71
Ibid., p. 53.
72
Ibid., p. 57.
73
Ibid., p. 50.
74
Ibid., pp. 97-8; Winkler,
Germany: The Long Road West
, i, pp. 104-7.
75
German constitution in Eyck,
Revolutions of 1848-49
, pp. 149-60.
76
Quoted in Stiles,
Austria in 1848-49
, ii, p. 142.
77
Quoted in Hübner,
Une Année
, pp. 426-7.
78
Quoted in Eyck,
Revolutions of 1848-49
, p. 122.
79
Quoted in Sked,
Decline and Fall
, p. 125.
80
Spira,
Hungarian Count
, p. 275.
81
Quoted in Deme,
Radical Left
, p. 101.
82
Ibid., p. 105.
83
Quoted in Spira,
Hungarian Count
, pp. 284 (‘I am to be blamed'), 289 (‘Kossuth's name').
84
Spira,
Hungarian Count
, pp. 295-301.
85
Quoted in Deme,
Radical Left
, p. 109.
86
Deak,
Lawful Revolution
, pp. 171-2.
87
Ibid., p. 172.
88
Deme,
Radical Left
, pp. 112-13.
89
Deak,
Lawful Revolution
,
passim
, but especially p. 174.
90
Leiningen-Westerburg,
Letters and Journal
, pp. 92-5.
91
Ibid., pp. 99, 103.
92
Deak,
Lawful Revolution
, pp. 208-10; Hitchins,
The Romanians
, p. 259.
93
R. R. Florescu, ‘Debunking a Myth: The Magyar-Romanian National Struggle of 1848-1849',
Austrian History Yearbook
, vols 12-13 (1976), p. 82.
94
Leiningen-Westerburg,
Letters and Journal
, p. 112.
95
Hitchins,
The Romanians
, pp. 259-60.
96
Leiningen-Westerburg,
Letters and Journal
, pp. 94-5.
97
Ibid., p. 105.
98
Ibid., pp. 144, 154.
99
Stiles,
Austria in 1848-49
, ii, pp. 155-7.
100
Leiningen-Westerburg,
Letters and Journal
, pp. 207-8.
101
Görgey,
Life and Acts
, i, p. 2.
102
Deak,
Lawful Revolution
, p. 186; for Görgey's account of the court martial and his judgement, see
Life and Acts
, i, pp. 8-31.
103
Ibid., p. 54.
104
Deak,
Lawful Revolution
, pp. 182-7.
105
Görgey,
Life and Acts
, i, p. 109.
106
Ibid., p. 120.
107
Deak,
Lawful Revolution
, pp. 211-15
108
Quoted in Ginsborg,
Daniele Manin
, p. 296.
109
See Pepe's account in
Histoire
, pp. 185-8; Keates,
Siege of Venice
, pp. 270-2, 278-9, 284-6; Ginsborg,
Daniele Manin
, pp. 296-301; Trevelyan,
Manin
, p. 215; Bolton King,
History of Italian Unity
, i, pp. 342-3.
110
Quoted in Ginsborg,
Daniele Manin
, p. 278; see also Keates,
Siege of Venice
, pp. 256-7.
111
Ginsborg,
Daniele Manin
, pp. 279-89.
112
Quoted in ibid., p. 276.
113
Ibid., pp. 274-7.
114
Quoted in Berkeley and Berkeley,
Italy in the Making
, iii, p. 411.
115
Woolf,
History of Italy
, p. 392.
116
Quoted in Berkeley and Berkeley,
Italy in the Making
, iii, p. 401.
117
Bolton King,
History of Italian Unity
, i, p. 288.
118
Quoted in Berkeley and Berkeley,
Italy in the Making
, iii, p. 425.
119
Quoted in Beales and Biagini,
Risorgimento
, p. 245.
120
Quoted in Berkeley and Berkeley,
Italy in the Making
, iii, p. 434.
121
Quoted in G. M. Trevelyan,
Garibaldi's Defence of the Roman Republic 1848-9
(London: Longman, 1988), p. 88.
122
Berkeley and Berkeley,
Italy in the Making
, iii, pp. 440-1.
123
Details on Rossi's ministry, his murder and the November revolution in Rome in ibid., pp. 395-463; Bolton King,
History of Italian Unity
, i, pp. 280-5.
124
Quoted in Trevelyan,
Garibaldi's Defence
, p. 78.
125
Quoted in Woolf,
History of Italy
, p. 396.
126
Quoted in Hibbert,
Garibaldi and his Enemies
, p. 33.
127
Garibaldi,
My Life
, p. 16.
128
Ibid., p. 17.
129
Quoted in Trevelyan,
Garibaldi's Defence
, p. 85.
130
Garibaldi,
My Life
, p. 19.
131
Ibid., p. 21.
132
Ibid., p. 20.
133
Woolf,
History of Italy
, pp. 397-9.
134
Quoted in J. F. Macmillan,
Napoleon III
(Harlow: Longman, 1991), p. 13.
135
Quoted in Tombs,
France
, p. 398.
136
Details on Louis-Napoleon's early life in Macmillan,
Napoleon III
, pp. 7-17; Stern,
Histoire
, pp. 556-65.
137
Macmillan,
Napoleon III
, p. 28.
138
Quoted in Stern,
Histoire
, p. 568.
139
AN, W/574, pc. 17 (minutes of the Club de la Révolution de 1793-1848, 17 June)
140
Lamartine,
History
, ii, p. 259.
141
Stern,
Histoire
, p. 567.
142
Quoted in ibid., p. 582.
143
Ibid., p. 583.
144
AN, BB/18/1465A (letter to the Minister of Justice, 2 July 1848).
145
Stern,
Histoire
, p. 578.
146
Tocqueville,
Souvenirs
, pp. 236-7.
147
De Luna,
French Republic
, pp. 366-7.
148
Quoted in ibid., p. 369.
149
Stern,
Histoire
, p. 572.
150
Agulhon,
1848
, pp. 97, 100-101.
 
 
CHAPTER 6
1
Eyck,
Revolutions of 1848-49
, pp. 156-9; Koch,
Constitutional History
, p. 65; ‘every state and every community', quoted in Randers-Pehrson,
Germans and the Revolution
, p. 446.
2
Eyck,
Revolutions of 1848-49
, pp. 159-60; Koch,
Constitutional History
, pp. 65-6.
3
Bismarck,
Reflections and Reminiscences
, i, p. 63.
4
Valentin,
1848
, p. 373.
5
Quoted in Siemann,
German Revolution
, p. 200.
6
Quoted in Randers-Pehrson,
Germans and the Revolution
, p. 463.
7
Quoted in Valentin,
1848
, p. 407.
8
Quoted in Sperber,
Rhineland Radicals
, p. 360.
9
Schurz,
Reminscences
, i, p. 170.
10
Quoted in Sperber,
Rhineland Radicals
, p. 364.
11
For a detailed account and analysis on the revolution in the Rhineland, see Sperber,
Rhineland Radicals
, pp. 349-465.
12
This was the ill-fated ‘May Conspiracy' in Prague, described by Stanley Pech,
Czech Revolution
, pp. 237-60.
13
E. Newman,
The Life of Richard Wagner
, 4 vols (New York: Knopf, 1968), ii, p. 80.
14
Siemann,
German Revolution
, p. 205.
15
Schurz,
Reminiscences
, i, pp. 195-6.
16
Stadelmann,
Social and Political History
, p. 188.
17
Schurz,
Reminiscences
, i, pp. 195-6.

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