1848 (71 page)

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Marx, Karl: Cologne; Cologne Workers' Association; Communist League;
Communist Manifesto
; National Assembly; Paris; Vienna
Mathy, Karl
Maximilian:
Mazzini, Giuseppe: career; exile; Milan; northern Italian kingdom; republican vision; Rome; war against Austria
Mazzoni, Giuseppe
Meagher, Thomas Francis
Messenhauser, Wenzel
Messina
Metternich, Klemens von: absolute monarchy; career; counter-revolutionary policies; fall of; Italy; national identity; Prussia; on revolution
middle classes
Middle European (
Mitteleuropäisch
) solution
Mieroslawski, Ludwik
Milan
Military Frontier
militias,
see also
National Guard
minority peoples: ethnic; Germany; Habsburg Empire; Hungary; nationalism
Mitchel, John
Mitteleuropäisch
(Middle European) solution
moderates
see
liberals
Móga, János
Mohl, Moritz
Moldavia
Moltke, Helmuth von
monarchies
Montagnards
seeémoc-socs
Montanelli, Giuseppe
Montecuccoli, Albert
Moravia
‘Mountain' (left of National Assembly)
Müller, Josef
Municipal Guard
mutiny
Namier, Lewis
Naples
Napoleon
see
Napoleon Bonaparte
Napoleon:
Napoleon
see
Bonaparte, Louis-Napoleon
Napoleon Bonaparte
Narváez, Ramón María
National Assembly (France): Cavaignac; conservatives; demonstration; dissolution; ‘Mountain'; National Workshops
National Guard: Austria; Czech; Hungary; Paris; Prague; Sicily; Vienna
national question
National Workshops
nationalism; authoritarian governments; Central Europe; Czechs; Eastern Europe; ethnic; ethnic conflict; France; Germany; Habsburg Empire; Hungary; internal divisions; Italy; Magyars; minority peoples; Poland; post-Napoleonic political system; Romanian; Slovak; southern Slav; Ukrainians
nationality, threshold principle of
Němcová, Božena
Netherlands
Neue Preussische Zeitung (Kreuzzeitung)
news, speed of relay
newspapers
Niboyet, Eugénie
Nicholas: Decembrist uprising; foreign policy; and Franz Joseph; Hungary; repression; role
Norway
Novara
Nugent, Laval
 
O'Brien, William Smith
O'Connor, Feargus
O'Donnell, Heinrich
Orléanists
Orléans, Duchess of, Hélène
Orsini, Felice
Oscar:
Osio, Carlo
Oudinot, Nicolas
 
Pákozd
Palacky, Frantisek
Palermo
Palffy, Aloys
Pannier-Lafontaine, Jean-François
Paolucci, Antonio
Papacy
Papal States,
see also
Rome
Paris: 1849 uprising ; June insurrection; revolution; revolutionary tradition; slums
Paris, Count of
parliamentary reform
parliaments
Paskevich, Ivan
paupers
see
poverty
peasantry; Austria; Bohemia; elections; emancipation; ethnic conflict; France; Galicia; Germany; Habsburg Empire; Hungary; Italy; newspapers; petitions; politicisation; Prussia; religion; revolutions; Slav; Slovak; Transylvania; urbarial peasants; Wallachia; and workers,
see also
serfdom
Pellico, Silvio
Pepe, Guglielmo
petitions: Austria; Berlin; Britain (Chartists); Czech (Saintáclav); Galicia; Germany; Hungary (Twelve Points); peasants; Romanian; standard demands
Petofi, Sándor; armed forces; death; elections; foreboding; government; petition; as symbol; workers
Petrashevskii, Mikhail
Petrashevtsy
Pfuel, Ernst von
Piedmont: Austria; constitution; constitutional monarchy; government; Lombardy; republicans
Pillersdorf, Franz
Pius: armed forces; demonstration; election; as figurehead; Gaeta; Galletti; leadership; restoration to Rome; Rossi; withdrawal from conflict
Pius Associations
pluralism
Poerio, Carlo
Poland: Congress of Vienna; exiles; Galicia; Germans; nationalism; restoration; revolution; stateless nation; uprisings
Poles
see
Poland
policing, secret
Polish Democratic Society
political freedom
political reform, demand for
population
Portugal
potatoes
poverty
Poznania (Posen)
Prague
Prittwitz, von
proletariat
see
workers
Proudhon, Pierre-Joseph
Prussia: absolute monarchy; armed forces; conservatives; constitution; constitutional reform; counter-revolution; demonstrations; Denmark; Diet; European conflict, avoidance of; Hungary; middle classes; peasants; Poland; revolution; Schleswig,
see also
Berlin
Prussia, Prince of
public opinion
Puchner, Anton von
Pujol, Louis
Putz, Franz
 
Radetzky, Joseph: armed forces; and Jelacic; Milan revolution; tobacco boycott; war in Italy
Radical Democrat
radicals
Raspail, Alexandre
Rastatt
Raveaux, Franz
referendums
La Réforme
refugees
regular troops
see
armed forces
religion
religious minorities
repression
republicans: Austria; divisions; France; Germany; Italy; and socialists
‘republicans of the day after'
revolutionaries
revolutions; 1989:; consensus, lack of; consequences of; European phenomenon; French Revolution of 1789:; as inspiration; internal divisions; leadership; as missed opportunity; national differences in; peasantry; political polarisation; power; as ‘seed-plot of history'; social question; social unity; underlying factors; women
Rhineland
Ricasoli, Bettino
Ridolfi, Cosimo
Riesser, Gabriel
robot
Rogier, Charles
Romanian nationalism; Golescu; Hungary; Islaz Constitution; Magyars; radical form; stateless nation
Romanians: Banat; revolution; Transylvanian; unification,
see also
Bucharest
Rome: French attack; papacy; patriotic enthusiasm; Pius:; political polarisation; republic; revolution
Rossi, Pellegrino
Rouen
Ruge, Arnold
Russia: absolute monarchy; Decembrist uprising; European conflict, avoidance of; expansionism; foreign policy; Hungary; repression; Transylvania
Ruthenians
see
Ukrainians
 
Saffi, Aurelio
Saguna, Andreiu
Sand, George
Sardinia
Savoy
Saxony
Schleswig
Schmerling, Anton von
Schoder, Adolf
Schoelcher, Victor
Schurz, Carl
Schwarzenberg, Felix zu
Second Republic
secret police
Sedlnitzky, Josef von
Serbs: Banat; Jelacic; Military Frontier; resistance to Hungarians; Voivodina
serfdom: abolition of; Galicia; Poland; Prussia; Romanian; Russia,
see also
peasantry
Settimo, Ruggero
Sicily
Sigel, Franz
Silesia
Simson, Eduard
Slav Congress
slavery, abolition of
Slavs: Austro-Slavism; nationalism; peasants; Slav Congress; southern Slav nationalism
Slovaks
slums
Smaller German (
Kleindeutsch
) solution
social distress
social fear
social justice
social order
social question
social reform
social unity
socialism, emergence of
socialists,
see alsoémoc-socs
Society for Equality
Society of the Rights of Man
Society of Seasons
Society of Ten
Sonderweg
southern Slav nationalism
sovereigns
see
monarchies
Spain
Speshnev, Nikolai
‘Springtime of Peoples' (
Völkerfrühling
)
Stadelmann, Rudolph
Stadion, Franz
Stadion, Rudolf
stateless nations
Stephen, Archduke
Sterbini, Pietro
Stiles, William
Strauss, David
street-fighting
see
fighting
Struve, Gustav
students: Paris; Prague; Vienna
Stúr, L'udovít
Sturdza, Mihail
Stuttgart
Suleiman Pasha
Sweden
Switzerland
Széchenyi, Istvan
Szeged
Szemere, Bertalan
 
Táncsics, Mihály
Taschereau, Jules
taxes
Teleki, Adám
Teleki, Lászlo
territorial boundaries
Thiers, Adolphe
Third Republic
Third Section
Thorbecke, Johan
Thouret, Antoine
Thrane, Marcus
threshold principle of nationality
tobacco boycott
Tocqueville, Alexis de: class conflict; foreign minister; Italy; president; revolution; social fear; warns of revolution
Tommaseo, Nicolò
Transylvania: counter-revolution; Hungary; Kossuth; peasants; Romanians; Russia
troops
see
armed forces
Turin
Turks
Tuscany: constitution; Garibaldi; Guerrazzi; Leopold's return; loyalties; Piedmont; reaction to Custozza; republic
Twelfth Legion
 
Ukrainians: Galicia; nationalism
unemployment
unification; Germany; Romanian,
see also
Italian unification
urbarial peasants
Uvarov, Sergei
 
Vasvári, Pál
Vay, Miklós
Venetia: Habsburg Empire; loyalties; martial law; peasants; war against Austria
Venice: counter-revolution; Habsburg Empire; Hungary; Manin; revolution; war against Austria
Verdi, Giuseppe
Verona
Vicenza
Victor Emmanuel:
Vienna: counter-revolution; Habsburg Empire; Hungary; industrialisation; Jews; reaction against revolution; revolution,
see also
Austria; Habsburg Empire
Vincke, Georg von
Voivodina
Völkerfrühling
(‘Springtime of Peoples')
 
Wagner, Richard
Waldeck, Benedikt
Wallachia
Weitling, Wilhelm
Wessenberg, Johann Philipp von
Wichmann, Wilhelm
Wilhelm, King
William, Prince
William:
Windischgrätz, Alfred: armed forces; Hungary; Prague; Vienna
women
workers: Austria; Britain; clubs; Czech; German; Hungary; Milan; militancy; and peasants; politicisation; poverty; Prague; uprisings; urban revolutions,
see also
artisans
Workers' Newspaper
working-class
see
workers
Wrangel, Friedrich von
 
Young Europe
Young Ireland
Young Italy
 
Zambianchi, Callimaco
Zichy, Eugene
Zichy, Ferdinand
Zitz, Franz
Zitz-Halein, Kathinka
Zucchi, Carlo
Copyright © 2008 by Mike Rapport
 
First published in the United States in 2009 by Basic Books,
A Member of the Perseus Books Group
 
Published in Great Britain in 2008 by Little, Brown
 
All rights reserved.
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A CIP catalog record for this book is available from the Library of Congress.
 
eISBN : 978-0-786-74368-1
LCCN: 2008937785
 
 

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