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1848 (71 page)

BOOK: 1848

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Marx, Karl: Cologne; Cologne Workers' Association; Communist League;
Communist Manifesto
; National Assembly; Paris; Vienna

Mathy, Karl

Maximilian:

Mazzini, Giuseppe: career; exile; Milan; northern Italian kingdom; republican vision; Rome; war against Austria

Mazzoni, Giuseppe

Meagher, Thomas Francis

Messenhauser, Wenzel

Messina

Metternich, Klemens von: absolute monarchy; career; counter-revolutionary policies; fall of; Italy; national identity; Prussia; on revolution

middle classes

Middle European (
MitteleuropÃ¤isch
) solution

Mieroslawski, Ludwik

Milan

Military Frontier

militias,
see also
National Guard

minority peoples: ethnic; Germany; Habsburg Empire; Hungary; nationalism

Mitchel, John

MitteleuropÃ¤isch
(Middle European) solution

moderates
see
liberals

MÃ³ga, JÃ¡nos

Mohl, Moritz

Moldavia

Moltke, Helmuth von

monarchies

Montagnards
seeÃ©moc-socs

Montanelli, Giuseppe

Montecuccoli, Albert

Moravia

âMountain' (left of National Assembly)

MÃ¼ller, Josef

Municipal Guard

mutiny

Namier, Lewis

Naples

Napoleon
see
Napoleon Bonaparte

Napoleon:

Napoleon
see
Bonaparte, Louis-Napoleon

Napoleon Bonaparte

NarvÃ¡ez, RamÃ³n MarÃa

National Assembly (France): Cavaignac; conservatives; demonstration; dissolution; âMountain'; National Workshops

National Guard: Austria; Czech; Hungary; Paris; Prague; Sicily; Vienna

national question

National Workshops

nationalism; authoritarian governments; Central Europe; Czechs; Eastern Europe; ethnic; ethnic conflict; France; Germany; Habsburg Empire; Hungary; internal divisions; Italy; Magyars; minority peoples; Poland; post-Napoleonic political system; Romanian; Slovak; southern Slav; Ukrainians

nationality, threshold principle of

NÄmcovÃ¡, BoÅ¾ena

Netherlands

Neue Preussische Zeitung (Kreuzzeitung)

news, speed of relay

newspapers

Niboyet, EugÃ©nie

Nicholas: Decembrist uprising; foreign policy; and Franz Joseph; Hungary; repression; role

Norway

Novara

Nugent, Laval

O'Brien, William Smith

O'Connor, Feargus

O'Donnell, Heinrich

OrlÃ©anists

OrlÃ©ans, Duchess of, HÃ©lÃ¨ne

Orsini, Felice

Oscar:

Osio, Carlo

Oudinot, Nicolas

PÃ¡kozd

Palacky, Frantisek

Palermo

Palffy, Aloys

Pannier-Lafontaine, Jean-FranÃ§ois

Paolucci, Antonio

Papacy

Papal States,
see also
Rome

Paris: 1849 uprising ; June insurrection; revolution; revolutionary tradition; slums

Paris, Count of

parliamentary reform

parliaments

Paskevich, Ivan

paupers
see
poverty

peasantry; Austria; Bohemia; elections; emancipation; ethnic conflict; France; Galicia; Germany; Habsburg Empire; Hungary; Italy; newspapers; petitions; politicisation; Prussia; religion; revolutions; Slav; Slovak; Transylvania; urbarial peasants; Wallachia; and workers,
see also
serfdom

Pellico, Silvio

Pepe, Guglielmo

petitions: Austria; Berlin; Britain (Chartists); Czech (SaintÃ¡clav); Galicia; Germany; Hungary (Twelve Points); peasants; Romanian; standard demands

Petofi, SÃ¡ndor; armed forces; death; elections; foreboding; government; petition; as symbol; workers

Petrashevskii, Mikhail

Petrashevtsy

Pfuel, Ernst von

Piedmont: Austria; constitution; constitutional monarchy; government; Lombardy; republicans

Pillersdorf, Franz

Pius: armed forces; demonstration; election; as figurehead; Gaeta; Galletti; leadership; restoration to Rome; Rossi; withdrawal from conflict

Pius Associations

pluralism

Poerio, Carlo

Poland: Congress of Vienna; exiles; Galicia; Germans; nationalism; restoration; revolution; stateless nation; uprisings

Poles
see
Poland

policing, secret

Polish Democratic Society

political freedom

political reform, demand for

population

Portugal

potatoes

poverty

Poznania (Posen)

Prague

Prittwitz, von

proletariat
see
workers

Proudhon, Pierre-Joseph

Prussia: absolute monarchy; armed forces; conservatives; constitution; constitutional reform; counter-revolution; demonstrations; Denmark; Diet; European conflict, avoidance of; Hungary; middle classes; peasants; Poland; revolution; Schleswig,
see also
Berlin

Prussia, Prince of

public opinion

Puchner, Anton von

Pujol, Louis

Putz, Franz

Radetzky, Joseph: armed forces; and Jelacic; Milan revolution; tobacco boycott; war in Italy

Radical Democrat

radicals

Raspail, Alexandre

Rastatt

Raveaux, Franz

referendums

La RÃ©forme

refugees

regular troops
see
armed forces

religion

religious minorities

repression

republicans: Austria; divisions; France; Germany; Italy; and socialists

ârepublicans of the day after'

revolutionaries

revolutions; 1989:; consensus, lack of; consequences of; European phenomenon; French Revolution of 1789:; as inspiration; internal divisions; leadership; as missed opportunity; national differences in; peasantry; political polarisation; power; as âseed-plot of history'; social question; social unity; underlying factors; women

Rhineland

Ricasoli, Bettino

Ridolfi, Cosimo

Riesser, Gabriel

robot

Rogier, Charles

Romanian nationalism; Golescu; Hungary; Islaz Constitution; Magyars; radical form; stateless nation

Romanians: Banat; revolution; Transylvanian; unification,
see also
Bucharest

Rome: French attack; papacy; patriotic enthusiasm; Pius:; political polarisation; republic; revolution

Rossi, Pellegrino

Rouen

Ruge, Arnold

Russia: absolute monarchy; Decembrist uprising; European conflict, avoidance of; expansionism; foreign policy; Hungary; repression; Transylvania

Ruthenians
see
Ukrainians

Saffi, Aurelio

Saguna, Andreiu

Sand, George

Sardinia

Savoy

Saxony

Schleswig

Schmerling, Anton von

Schoder, Adolf

Schoelcher, Victor

Schurz, Carl

Schwarzenberg, Felix zu

Second Republic

secret police

Sedlnitzky, Josef von

Serbs: Banat; Jelacic; Military Frontier; resistance to Hungarians; Voivodina

serfdom: abolition of; Galicia; Poland; Prussia; Romanian; Russia,
see also
peasantry

Settimo, Ruggero

Sicily

Sigel, Franz

Silesia

Simson, Eduard

Slav Congress

slavery, abolition of

Slavs: Austro-Slavism; nationalism; peasants; Slav Congress; southern Slav nationalism

Slovaks

slums

Smaller German (
Kleindeutsch
) solution

social distress

social fear

social justice

social order

social question

social reform

social unity

socialism, emergence of

socialists,
see alsoÃ©moc-socs

Society for Equality

Society of the Rights of Man

Society of Seasons

Society of Ten

Sonderweg

southern Slav nationalism

sovereigns
see
monarchies

Spain

Speshnev, Nikolai

âSpringtime of Peoples' (
VÃ¶lkerfrÃ¼hling
)

Stadelmann, Rudolph

Stadion, Franz

Stadion, Rudolf

stateless nations

Stephen, Archduke

Sterbini, Pietro

Stiles, William

Strauss, David

street-fighting
see
fighting

Struve, Gustav

students: Paris; Prague; Vienna

StÃºr, L'udovÃt

Sturdza, Mihail

Stuttgart

Suleiman Pasha

Sweden

Switzerland

Szeged

Szemere, Bertalan

TÃ¡ncsics, MihÃ¡ly

Taschereau, Jules

taxes

Teleki, AdÃ¡m

Teleki, LÃ¡szlo

territorial boundaries

Thiers, Adolphe

Third Republic

Third Section

Thorbecke, Johan

Thouret, Antoine

Thrane, Marcus

threshold principle of nationality

tobacco boycott

Tocqueville, Alexis de: class conflict; foreign minister; Italy; president; revolution; social fear; warns of revolution

Tommaseo, NicolÃ²

Transylvania: counter-revolution; Hungary; Kossuth; peasants; Romanians; Russia

troops
see
armed forces

Turin

Turks

Tuscany: constitution; Garibaldi; Guerrazzi; Leopold's return; loyalties; Piedmont; reaction to Custozza; republic

Twelfth Legion

Ukrainians: Galicia; nationalism

unemployment

unification; Germany; Romanian,
see also
Italian unification

urbarial peasants

Uvarov, Sergei

VasvÃ¡ri, PÃ¡l

Vay, MiklÃ³s

Venetia: Habsburg Empire; loyalties; martial law; peasants; war against Austria

Venice: counter-revolution; Habsburg Empire; Hungary; Manin; revolution; war against Austria

Verdi, Giuseppe

Verona

Vicenza

Victor Emmanuel:

Vienna: counter-revolution; Habsburg Empire; Hungary; industrialisation; Jews; reaction against revolution; revolution,
see also
Austria; Habsburg Empire

Vincke, Georg von

Voivodina

VÃ¶lkerfrÃ¼hling
(âSpringtime of Peoples')

Wagner, Richard

Waldeck, Benedikt

Wallachia

Weitling, Wilhelm

Wessenberg, Johann Philipp von

Wichmann, Wilhelm

Wilhelm, King

William, Prince

William:

WindischgrÃ¤tz, Alfred: armed forces; Hungary; Prague; Vienna

women

workers: Austria; Britain; clubs; Czech; German; Hungary; Milan; militancy; and peasants; politicisation; poverty; Prague; uprisings; urban revolutions,
see also
artisans

Workers' Newspaper

working-class
see
workers

Wrangel, Friedrich von

Young Europe

Young Ireland

Young Italy

Zambianchi, Callimaco

Zichy, Eugene

Zichy, Ferdinand

Zitz, Franz

Zitz-Halein, Kathinka

Zucchi, Carlo

First published in the United States in 2009 by Basic Books,
A Member of the Perseus Books Group

Published in Great Britain in 2008 by Little, Brown

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eISBN : 978-0-786-74368-1

LCCN: 2008937785

BOOK: 1848

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