A Crack in the Edge of the World (57 page)

cordilleran, 148–49

geological surveys (
see
geological surveys)

geological time scale, 401–3

glossary, 411–17

Eldridge Moores, ophiolite sequences, and plate tectonics, 149–56

of Mount Diablo and San Andreas Fault, 37–42

of Palmdale, California, road cutting, 191–92

plate tectonics and, 6–11, 63–64 (
see also
plate tectonics)

political boundaries and geological boundaries, 39

response of geologists to Great San Francisco Earthquake, 56, 320–21

Skaergaard Layered Igneous Intrusion, 71–73

space exploration, Gaia theory, and revolution in, 1–5 (
see also
New Geology)

geothermal energy plant, 198

German insurance companies, 301, 327, 329–30

geysers, Yellowstone National Park, 139, 382–85

Gieseke, Christy, 157–58

Gilbert, Grove Karl, 14, 18–19, 135, 143–44, 145, 172–74, 246–47

Girard House Fire, 292

Glenallen, Yukon, 377

glossary, 411–17

glossolalia (term), 337

gneiss, 414

Goerlitz, Ernest, 250

gold

as California state mineral, 35

discovery of, in California (
see
Gold Rush)

fraudulent, in Oklahoma, 105–6

geological surveys and, 137–38

in Iceland, 72

Golden Gate Park, 217

Golden State (term), 35

Gold Rush

California growth and, 121–26

Chinatown, Chinese immigrants, and, 217–18

creation of California and, 35–36

Great Western Surveys and, 137

San Francisco growth and, 206–11

Goldstein and Co., 296–97

Gonds people, 74

Gondwana, 83–84

Gondwanaland, 74

Good Friday Earthquake of 1964, 370–72

Gorda Plate, 59, 169

government, California

capital cities, 128

Earthquake Commission, 171, 182, 195, 256, 267, 269–71

Earthquake Fault Zoning Act of 1972, 411

Geological Survey of California, 136–37, 140, 161

governors, 128–31

Spanish and Mexican, 115–17

government, democratic Icelandic, 67–68

government, federal

acquisition of California, 113–15

Chinese Exclusion Act of 1882, 222–23, 344

Congress, President James Polk, and Great Western Surveys, 137–38

EarthScope, SAFOD project, and, 185–87

San Francisco's supremacy and President Teddy Roosevelt, 53–54

government, San Francisco

Chinese regulations and, 222

City Hall (
see
City Hall)

corruption of pre-earthquake, 223–25, 280

establishment of, 208–10

fire department, 212–13, 228–29

municipal report about damages, 317

response of, to Great San Francisco Earthquake, 307–13

graben (term), 414

Grace Church, 283

Gracie S
. (ship), 252

Grady, Michael, 245

Grand Banks Earthquake of 1929, 109

Grand Opera House, 233

granites (term), 77, 81, 85, 414

Grant, Ulysses S., 139, 234

granular dynamite, 312

graywacke (term), 414

Great Charleston Earthquake of 1886, 17, 86–96

Great Comet of 1811, 99

Great Fire of London of 1666, 292

Great San Francisco Earthquake of 1906

Alaska earthquakes and, 369–80

California history prior to, 113–31 (
see also
California)

casualties and physical damage caused by subsequent fire, 290–302

casualties and physical damage directly caused by, 274–87 (
see also
casualties; costs; physical damage)

casualties and physical damage indirectly caused by, 288–90

current lack of preparation for earthquakes like, 360–64

early estimates of effects of, 317–19, 331–33

effects of, on Chinatown, 330–31

effects of fires after, 290–302

epicenter of, 171–79

evening before, in San Francisco, 231–41

eyewitness accounts of (
see
eyewitness accounts, Great San Francisco Earthquake)

felt area of, 96, 258–61

glossary, 411–17

Great Western Surveys prior to, 133–49

human response to, 54–56, 302–17 (
see also
human response)

inaccurate accounts of, 419–21

insurance company response to, 324–30

loss of cultural creativity after, 351–56

magnitude of, 397

measurements of, 261–73, 387–403 (
see also
intensity, earthquake; magnitude, earthquake; seismographs; scales)

New Geology, plate tectonics, and, 1–11 (
see also
earthquakes; geology; Mount Diablo; New Geology; plate tectonics; San Andreas Fault)

paper people Chinese immigration after, 343–50 (
see also
Chinese immigrants)

Pentecostal Movement after, 335–42

pictures of, 287, 295–301 (
see also
photography)

public-relations campaign to minimize effects of, 319–24

rejection of urban planning after, 356–59

San Francisco and (
see
San Francisco, California)

San Francisco's loss of supremacy to Los Angeles due to, 331–33

science, technology, politics, and culture of United States in 1906, 49–56

seismic events of 1906 and, 23–28

this book about, 4–5

timing of, 12–18, 253, 267–71

view of, from space, 11–13

Yellowstone National Park geysers and, 380–85

Great Western Surveys, 138–49.
See also
geological surveys

cordilleran geology as legacy of, 148–49

by Ferdinand Hayden, 138–39

by Clarence King, 139–43

by John Wesley Powell, 144–48

by Wheeler and Grove Karl Gilbert, 143–44

Great Yokohama Earthquake of 1880, 263

greed, Gold Rush, 125–26

Greely, Major General Adolphus Washington, 304, 306, 309

Greenland, North American Plate rocks in, 69–73, 79–81, 85

Green River, 145

Greenwich meridian and Greenwich Mean Time, 79, 177

Gregori-Hosgri Fault, 167

ground displacement

by aseismic creep, 182–84

by Chiayi or Meishan Earthquake of 1906, 26

by Great San Francisco Earthquake of 1906, 171–74

by San Francisco earthquake of 1989, 360–61

ground waves, 399

Gunn, Mrs. Lewis, 126–27

Haines Junction, Yukon, 376

Hall of Justice Building, 285, 307, 311

Ham and Eggs Fire, 292

Hamburg-Bremen Company, 329–30

handbills, anti-looting, 308–9

Hansen, Gladys, 323

Harbor View Camp, 313

Harding, President Warren G., 234

Harte, Bret, 34, 36, 351

Havasupai Indians, 147

Hay, John, 142

Hayden, Ferdinand, 138–39

Hayes Valley Fire, 292–93

Hayward, California, 232

Hayward Fault, 200, 232, 363

health, post-earthquake, 313

Hearst, William Randolph, 236

Heath, Cuthbert Eden, 326

Hecker, Dr., 264

Hekla volcano, 66

Helena, Montana, 314

hematite, 70

Heng, Zhang, 261

Herbert, Victor, 238

Hermann Safe Company, 285–86

Hertz, Alfred, 250

Hewitt, Fred, 14, 20

highbinders (term), 222

highways

Alaska Highway, 369, 372–77

displacement of Sir Francis Drake Highway, 173–74

first official California state, 128

Gold Rush routes and, 124

Holiness churches, 335–42

homeless, 302, 313.
See also
refugees

Hong Kong, 361

hoodlum (term), 214

Hopkins, Mark, 128–29, 225–27

Hopper, James Marie, 240

horizontal cut, insurance companies and, 328–29

horses, 240, 249

horsts (term), 414

hospital patients, 280

Hotaling, A. P., 286

Hotel Nymphomania, 224

hotels, San Francisco, 225

housing, refugee, 313, 315–16, 330

Hudson Bay, Canada, 73, 79–82

Hudsonland, 83

Hulbert, Archer Butler, 125

human response, 302–33.
See also
fire department, San Francisco; military; police

by banks and U. S. Mint, 316–17

by city government and Mayor Eugene Schmitz, 307–13

coping strategies, 295–96

disaster recovery of cities, 302–4

financial relief, 314

to fire, 299–300

firefighters, 300

food and medicine relief, 310

military response, 300, 304–13

modern culture, science, and rational, 54–56

by U. S. Post Office, 314–16

human scale, earthquake intensity scales as, 391

Hunter's Point, California, 330

Huntington, Collis, 128–29, 225

hydraulic elevators, 233

hydraulic mining, 18, 36–37

hydrogaphy, 387

hypocenters, earthquake, 159

Iceland, 63–73

igneous geologists, 72

immigration

Chinese (
see
Chinese immigrants)

Civil War, Reconstruction Era, and, 127–28

European, 346

Gold Rush and, 35, 121–27

Indian Plate, 39

Indians.
See
Native Americans

Indio, California, 197

indirect earthquake effects, 288–90

instruments, earthquake-detecting, 161–62.
See also
seismographs

insurance companies

earthquake damage and, 274–75, 288, 301

fire danger and, 229, 239

response of, to earthquake damage claims, 324–30

stock market decline and, 321–22

intensity, earthquake, 25, 192, 388–96, 401

International Commission on Stratigraphy, 403

International Latitude Station, 270

intraplate earthquakes, North American Plate, 108–12

intrusions (term), 414–13

Inyo earthquake of 1872, 19

Iranian earthquake of 2004, 28

Iraq War, 106

iridium, 415

iron safes, 285–86

Iroquois Theater fire, 326

Irwin, Will, 227

Islamic movement, 342

Isla Robinson Crusoe, 165

Isthmus of Panama route to California, 124

Isua Formation, 73

Italy, Vesuvius eruption in, 26–27, 234

Ives, Joseph, 147

Jackson, William Henry, 139

Jackson Brewing Company, 285

jails, 317

James, William, 295–96, 310

Jefferson, Thomas, 114

Jesuits, seismographs and, 265–67

Jet Propulsion Lab, 161

John A. Campbell
(ship), 252

Juan de Fuca Plate, 59, 169

Juan Fernandez Islands, 165

Judson, Clarence, 20–22, 247

Jurassic Period, 39–42, 415

Kalakaua, King of Hawaii, 234

Keith, William, 352

Kenora, Canada, 81–82

Kenoran Orogeny, 81

Kenorland, 81–82

Kern River, 193

King, Clarence, 139–43

Kingston, Maxine Hong, 345

Klamath Mountains, 169

Kluane Fault, 376

Kluane National Park, 376

Krakatoa eruption

elephants and, 240

Islamic movement after, 342

Krakatoa: The Day the World Exploded–August 27, 1883
(book), 71

K-T boundary event, 7, 415

Kula Plate, 59

Lafayette Park, San Francisco, 15, 270

Lake Tahoe Wagon Road, 128

Lamont-Doherty Earth Observatory, 176

lamp-shells (term), 412

landfills, 361, 417

Land's End, San Francisco, 226

La Pérouse, Jean-François, 116

Larkin Street, San Francisco, 14, 19–20

latitude stations, 270

latrine-emptying wagons, 313

Laurasia, 74

Laurentia, 83–84

lavas, 150, 154.
See also
basalt rock

law, martial, 308

Lawrence Livermore Laboratories, 364

Lawson, Andrew, 164, 182, 195, 256, 267, 269–71

leadership, 303–4.
See also
human response

Lee, Owen, 338–39

Leese, Jacob, 204–5

Leese, Rosalie, 205

Legler, Mr., 253

Lengfeld's Pharmacy, 296–97

letter mail delivery, post-earthquake, 314–16

library damage report, 317

Lick Observatory, 257, 270

Lincoln, President Abraham, 97

Lisbon Earthquake of 1755, 55–56

lithosphere, 76

Livermore, Jesse, 321

Liverpool London (company), 329

Lloyd, B. E., 220

Lloyd's (company), 324–27

Lobos Square Camp, 313

Loma Prieta Earthquake of 1989, 360–62

London, Jack, 294, 351

looting, 307–10

López de Cárdenas, García, 147

Lopez y Arballo, Francisco, 121

Los Angeles, California

early population of, 127

rise of Pentecostal Movement in, 335–42

supremacy of, after Great San Francisco Earthquake, 331–33

Vesuvius eruption, Great San Francisco Earthquake, and, 229–30

Los Angeles River, 193

Los Gatos, California, 255

Louisiana Purchase, 114

Lovelock, James, 4–5, 413–14

Love Waves, 175

Ma
(million years before present), 78

McAdie, Alexander George, 14, 16–18

MacDonald, Jeanette, 292, 351

McKinley, Carl, 91–92

McKinley, William, 53

McPhee, John, 152–53

made-ground areas, 361, 417

magnetism, 70–71

magnitude, earthquake.
See also
seismographs

Bam and Sumatran earthquakes and, 90

Chilean earthquake of 1906 and, 27

Ecuadoran-Columbian Earthquake of 1906 and, 24–25

Great San Francisco Earthquake of 1906 and, 397

intraplate earthquakes, 95

Loma Prieta earthquake of 1989, 360