A Rainbow of Blood: The Union in Peril an Alternate History (53 page)

6. Richard Aldous, The Lion and the Unicorn: Gladstone and Disraeli (New
York: W. W. Norton & Co., 2007),132.

7. Wilfrid Meynell, Benjamin Disraeli: An Unconventional Biography (New
York: D. Appleton, 1903), 146.

8. George Macaulay Trevelyan, The Life of John Bright (Boston: Houghton
Mifflin Company, 1913), 245.

9. Aldous, The Lion and the Unicorn, 127.

10. Hesketh Pearson, Dizzy: A Life of Benjamin Disraeli (New York: Penguin
Books, 2001), 161.

11. Trevelyan, The Life (f John Bright, 207.

12. Aldous, The Lion and the Unicorn, 138.

13. G. W. E. Russell, Collections and Recollections (New York: Harper and
Brothers Publishers, 1898) 224.

14. J. J. Colledge, Ships of the Royal Navy (London: Greenhill Books, 2003),
257. HMS Prince Albert, 3,687 tons, 240' x 48', four 9' MLR, 11.26 knots.

15. Meynell, Benjamin Disraeli, 405.

16. Richard Cobden (1804-1865), member for Rochdale in Parliament and
one of the great economists of the era.

17. *Lord Rowton, Disraeli: Recollections of a Private Secretary (London: Blackpool & Sons, 1888), 402-404. *Edward Bulwer-Lytton, A Friendship in
Letters: The Correspondence of John Bright and Richard Cobden (London:
Wynslow Publishers, 1890), 216-17. Although written from two very
different perspectives, these two accounts agree in the essentials of this
historic conversation at Hughenden.

18. Clair Hoy, Canadians in the Civil War (Toronto: MacArthur & Company,
2004), 190-91.

19. *Arthur W. Williams, The Life of Sir Charles Hastings Doyle (Montreal:
Mount Royal Press, 1922), 199.

20. Ellis Spear, With Chamberlain in the Portland Campaign (New York: D.
Appleton, 1885), 172-74.

21. *Nigel Wilkerson, The Siege of Portland (London: Blaekbriar & Sons,
1879),188-190.

22. William H. Roberts, Civil War Ironclads: The U.S. Navy and Industrial Mobilization (Baltimore: John Hopkins University Press, 2002), 159.

23. William Marvel, ed., The Monitor Chronicles: One Sailor's Account &
Today's Campaign to Recover the Civil War Wreck (New York: Simon &
Schuster, 2004), 22.

24. Ibid., 26-28. Roberts, 29.

25. Agnus Kostam, Duel of the Ironclads: USS Monitor and CSS Virginia at
Hampton Roads 1862 (London: Osprey Publishing, 2003) 94-95. The Dictator and Puritan were designed to he the largest, most powerful armed
and armored ships in the Navy and in the world. The Dictator was
designed at 4,438 tons, to do nine knots, and he armed with two fifteeninch Dahlgren guns in a single turret with twelve-inch armor. The Puritan was even more ambitious with two twenty-inch Dahlgren guns.

26. Roberts, Civil War Ironclads,105.

27. *David D. Porter, The French Navy in the Great War (Annapolis, MD: Naval Academy Press, 1877), 142-45.

28. *Richard Taylor, The Louisiana Campaign (Baton Rouge, LA: Dubois &
Sons, 1886), 176-78.

29. "Edmund Allen, Texas at the Gallop: The Brashear Raid, (Lexington, VA:
Washington and Lee University Press, 1905), 92.

CHAPTER FOUR: "WELL, THEY MIGHT HAVE STAYED TO SEE THE SHOOTING"

1. "Red Leg" is an old U.S. Army nickname for an artilleryman.

2. Eleanor Ruggles, The Prince of Players: Edwin Booth (New York: W. W.
Norton & Company, 1953), 93, 156.

3. Raymond Lamont Brown, Carnegie: The Richest Man in the World (London: Sutton Publishing, 2005) 35, 44.

4. Anthony Smith, Machine Gun: The Story of the Men and the Weapon That
Changed the Face of War (Waterville, ME: Thorndyke Press, 2002), 119.

5. Ibid., 118.

6. Robert V. Bruce, Lincoln and the Tools of War (Indianapolis: Bohhs-Merrill
Company, 1956), 114.

7. Michael Burlingame, ed., Inside the White House in War Times: Memoirs
and Reports of Lincoln's Secretary (Lincoln, NE: Bison Books, 2000), 21-23.

8. David Nasaw, Andrew Carnegie (New York: Penguin Press, 2006), 46-47.

CHAPTER FIVE: HONEY, VINEGAR, AND GUNCOTTON

1. Thomas Curson Hansard, Hansard's Parliamentary Debates by Great Britain. Parliament, http://hansard.millbanksystems.com/commons/1863/
feb/ 23/ the-navy-estimates.

2. HMS Prince Albert, launched May 1864, 3,880 tons, 144' x 48' 1" x 20' 5",
four 9" rifled muzzle-loaders (RML). HMS Royal Sovereign, launched
April 1957, a wooden ship-of-the-line, converted into ironclad August 1864, 5,080 tons, 240' 6: x 62' x 25', five 10.5" MLR. HMS Wivern,
launched August 1863 as CSS Mississippi, seized by British government
after war is declared and commissioned in the Royal Navy, 2,750 tons,
244' 6" x 421 6" x 17", four 9 RML. The launched date was simply the
date the ship was dropped into the water; months and often years were
required to ready the ship for active service in peacetime.

3. The American Method was the combination of mass production, specialized labor, and interchangeable parts.

4. David Pam. The Royal Small Arms Factory, Enfield and Its Workers (selfpublished, 1998), 50-58. Between 1859 and 1864, the factory produced
365,779 rifled muskets of the 1853 pattern. Private British arms manufacturers quickly followed the mass production model at Enfield.

5. Ibid., 58-59.

6. Thomas Boaz, Guns for Cotton: England Arms the Confederacy (Shippensburg, PA: Burd Street Press, 1996).

7. Robert V. Bruce, Lincoln and the Tools of War (Indianapolis: The Bobhs-
Merrill Company, 1956), 196.

CHAPTER SIX: "BECAUSE I CAN'T FLY!"

1. *John H. Robson, "The Great Sortie," Military Journal, vol. 20, no. 7, June
23,1912,32-33.

2. *Joshua Lawrence Chamberlain, The Defense of Portland (New York: D.
Appleton, 1880), 111-15.

3. *Edward Coddington-James, Capt. Cowper Coles and the Royal Navy (London: St. James Publishers, 1934), 83.

4. *"The Queen Asks Hard Questions of the Navy," London Times, October
25,1863,1.

5. *Fran(;ois Achille Bazaine, Le Victoire de Vermillionville (Paris: LeCroix et
Fils, 1870), 299.

6. Peter F. Stevens, The Voyage of the Catalpa: A Perilous Journey and Six Irish
Rebels' Escape to Freedom (New York: Carroll & Graf Publishers, 2002), 5.

7. Maj. Gen. George G. Meade, "Organization of the Army of the Potomac," vol. 29, part I, 226, October 10, 1863. Peter G. Tsouras, Britannia's Fist: Civil War to World War (Washington: Potomac Books, 2008).
Sixth Corps was minus its original three Maine regiments (5th, 6th, 7th),
which had been sent home on an ostensible recruiting mission.

8. *"Sedgwick Killed at Kennebunk," New York Herald, October 26,1863, 1.

9. William H. Collins, The Life of General Horatio Wright (Philadelphia: L. B.
Lippincott, 1897), 183.

10. *William Norquist, Wisconsin in the Civil War and the Great War (Madison: Wisconsin Historical Society, 1922), 119. Ulysses S. Grant once remarked that he would rather have one Wisconsin regiment than three
from any other state.

11. J. J. Colledge, Ships of the Royal Navy: The Complete Record of All Fighting
Ships of the Royal Navy from the Fifteenth Century to the Present (London:
Greenhill Books, 2003), 48. HMS Bacchante was launched in 1859 and
measured 235 by 50.5 feet. She carried thirty 8-inch rifles, one 68-pounder, and twenty 32-pounders.

12. *James Hope Grant, The Maine Campaign in the Great War (London:
Blackstone, 1872), 188. The rescue of Hope Grant's army at Kennebunk
by the daring of HMS Bacchante did much to restore the morale of the
Royal Navy, badly shaken earlier that month by its disastrous defeat at
the Third Battle of Charleston.

CHAPTER SEVEN: "LEE IS COMING!"

1. *Michael R. Hathaway, From San Francisco Bay to Mount Vernon: My War
Years with General Washington (San Francisco: Knob Hill Publishing Company, 1905), 92.

2. Charles M. Evans, War of the Aeronauts: A History of Ballooning in the Civil
War (Mechanicsburg, PA: Stackpole Books, 2002), 299-303.

3. Field Marshal Viscount Wolseley, The American Civil War: An English
View (Mechanicsburg, PA: Stackpole Books, 2002), 35.

4. F. Stansbury Haydon, Military Ballooning during the Early Civil War (Baltimore: Johns Hopkins University Press, 2000), 238.

5. http://www.colonialwargames.org.uk/Miscenllany/Warships/Iron-
clads/EIroncladsRN.htm. The draft of the Warrior-class ships (Warrior and Black Prince) was 26 feet and that of the Defence-class (Defence and
Resistance) 25 feet.

6. "Chapter V: The Fortification System," Civil War Defenses of Washington:
Historic Resource Study, National Park Service, http://www.cr.nps.gov/
history/online_hooks/ civilwar/ hrsl-5. htm.

7. Richard M. Lee, Mr. Lincoln's City: An Illustrated Guide to the Civil War
Sites of Washington (McLean, VA: EPM Publications, Inc., 1981), 14. The
Navy Yard still occupies the northern half of its original site; the southern half was turned over to the General Services Administration (GSA)
and designated the Southeast Government Center.

8. The Eastern Branch was renamed the Anacostia River.

9. Lee, Mr. Lincoln's City, 14-16. Stephen M. Forman, A Guide to Civil War
Washington (Washington: Elliott & Clark Publishing, 1995), 77-80. Foggy
Bottom is now occupied by the Kennedy Center for the Performing Arts,
The Watergate, George Washington University, and the State Department's Truman Building.

10. Robert V. Bruce, Lincoln and the Tools of War (Indianapolis: The BohhsMerrill Company, Inc., 1956), 89-92.

11. Margaret Leech, Reveille in Washington (New York: Harper Brothers,
1941),11.

12. Ibid., 10.

13. Peter R. Penzcer, Washington, DC: Past & Present (Arlington, VA: Oneonta Press, 1998), 24-28.

14. The National Park Service, The Civil War Defenses of Washington: Historic
Resource Study, part I, chapter V: The Fortification System, http://www.
cr.nps.gov-The Civil War Defenses of Washington.

15. *Frederick R. Priestly, To Assassinate the President (New York: St. John's
Press, 1948), 82.

16. *Edwin McGregor, The Trial of John Wilkes Booth (Philadelphia: D. Appleton, 173), 277.

17. Thomas J. Carrier, Washington, D.C., A Historical Walking Tour (New
York: Arcadia Publishing, 1999), 72. "In 1853, this became the first equestrian statute cast in the United States. The sculptor, Clark Mills, melted
the British cannons captured by Jackson at the Battle of New Orleans
during the War of 1812 for the statue."

18. Julia Taft Bayne, Tad Lincoln's Father (Lincoln: University of Nebraska
Press, 2001), 30.

19. *Michael D. Wilmoth, Memories of Lincoln (Indianapolis: Hoosier Press,
1888),130.

20. *Henry J. Hunt, The Artillery Revolution in the Great Wqr (D. Appleton,
1876), 312. Hunt's enthusiasm for balloon-observed indirect fire ensured
the full cooperation of the artillery establishment in the U.S. Army.

21. Abraham Lincoln, "Speech at the Republican Banquet," Chicago, IL,
December 10, 1860, in Collected Works of Abraham Lincoln, vol. 3 (Rutgers
University Press, 1953, 1990), 550.

22. "Sharpe, Conversations with Abraham Lincoln, 216-18.

23. Walter H. Taylor, I Served With Lee (Lexington, VA: Washington and Lee
University Press, 1880), 324.

24. `Hooker and Meagher Cheered in Wild Display," Kingston Gazette, October 12, 1863, 1. Two bronze statues face each other in the town square.
One is of Hooker to commemorate his visit and role in the subsequent
campaign. The other is of George H. Sharpe, famous son of Kingston.

25. *"Wild Parade of the Irish," New York Herald, October 12, 1863, 1. "Victory at Cold Spring: Redcoats down Wall Street," New York Tribune, October 12, 1863, 1.

26. *Field Marshal Viscount Wolseley, The Great War in North America (London: Longmans, Green, 1890), 97. Wolseley was at pains to describe his
strategic appraisal of the situation in this opening stage of the war as it
would have a critical effect on subsequent operations.

27. With normal dredging operations interrupted by the war, the depth
over the bar was reduced to 16 feet. The French ironclads had a draft of
26 feet.

CHAPTER EIGHT: FATEFUL NIGHT

1. James I. Robertson, Jr., Stonewall Jackson: The Man, the Soldier, the Legend
(New York: Macmillan Publishing Company, 1997), 573.

2. The War of the Rebellion: Official Records of the Union and Confederate
Armies, vol. 29, part 1 (Washington: Government Printing Office, 1899),
401.

3. Regis Courtemanche, No Need for Glory: The British Navy in American
Waters 1860-1864 (Annapolis, MD: Naval Institute Press, 1977), 203-204.
Greyhound had been recently remodeled as a heavier armed corvette.
The rest of the sloops had four to 11 guns. *Arthur Ramseur, "Preparations for the Raid on Washington," International Naval Journal, October
24,1997,142.

4. `The Meeting of Milne and Lee," Blackwood's Magazine, December 1863,
92. It was obvious by this meeting that the British government's policy
of no cooperation with the Confederacy had gone by the wayside. Milne
was acting on his own authority to support his military operations. The
Government acquiesced as the no-cooperation policy was made obviously unrealistic by the exigencies of the expanding war.

5. "Civil War Defenses of Washington: Fort Foote," National Park Service,
htLp://www.nps.gov/archive/fowa/foote.htm.

6. Milne to the Lord Commissioners of the Admiralty, October 10, 1863.
Milne's private conversation with Lee is the only detailed record of the
historic meeting as Lee never wrote his memoirs. His report to President
Davis of the meeting was brief and essentially a summary, whereas
Milne's letter included a deft character analysis of Lee as well a verbatim
account of their conversation taken by his stenographer.

7. Fred Albert Shannon, The Organization and Administration of the Union Army 1861-1865, vol. 1 (Cleveland: Arthur H. Clark Company, 1928),
265-67.

8. *Paulet to John C. Wilkinson, October 8, 1863, The Papers of Lord Frederick
Paulet (London: Bartleby, 1882), 236. Paulet's letters and the recollections
of his subordinates are the only source of his thinking that led to the
battle of Hudson. Among his subordinates, the recollections of his aide,
Captain Seymour, also a Coldstream Guardsman, were particularly revealing.