A World on Fire: Britain's Crucial Role in the American Civil War (174 page)

29.
Blackman,
Wild Rose,
p. 271.

30.
PRO 30/22/26, Argyll to Russell, October 17, 1863.

31.
Philip Guedalla (ed.),
Gladstone and Palmerston, Being the Correspondence of Lord Palmerston with Mr. Gladstone, 1851–1865
(London, 1928), pp. 264–66, Palmerston to Gladstone, October 9, 1863; Gladstone to Palmerston, October 8, 1863.

32.
BDOFA
, part 1, ser. C, vol. 6, doc. 348, Captain Inglefield to Lord Paget, November 1, 1863; Inglefield to Vice-Admiral Grey, October 25, 1863.

33.
James M. Morgan,
Recollections of a Rebel Reefer
(Boston, 1917), p. 164.

34.
University of Rochester, Rochester, N.Y., Rush Rhees Library, A.W39 Thurlow Weed MSS, Currie to Weed, September 15, 1863.

35.
Some of James Horrocks’s letters were deposited in the Lancashire Record Office in Preston; the rest are in the Blackburn Museum. In 1982, the curator of the Blackburn Museum, A. S. Lewis, collated the two collections and published them under the title
My Dear Parents
. The combination of Lewis’s scholarship and Horrocks’s engaging style makes the book one of the most important eyewitness accounts of Civil War life by an English volunteer. Horrocks’s father owned a cotton mill and had suffered hard during the cotton famine. Horrocks was forced to abandon his studies at the Wesleyan teachers’ training college in London and return home to Bolton. The pregnancy of Martha Jane Hammer had added another financial burden. She successfully sued him for financial support. He ran away to America rather than submit to the court, leaving his family with the embarrassment of the unpaid support.

36.
A. S. Lewis (ed.),
My Dear Parents
(New York, 1982), p. 23, Horrocks to parents, September 5, 1863.

37.
Ibid.

38.
Daniel B. Lucas,
Memoir of John Yates Beall
(Montreal, 1865), p. 265.

39.
W. W. Baker, “Memoirs of Service” (property of Mr. Jack Beall), p. 21.

40.
Jeffry D. Wert,
Mosby’s Rangers
(New York, 1990), p. 98.

41.
Jeffry D. Wert,
The Sword of Lincoln
(New York, 2006)
,
p. 313.

42.
Frank E. Vandiver (ed.),
The Civil War Diary of Josiah Gorgas
(Tuscaloosa, Ala., 1947), p. 55.

43.
Sam Watkins,
Company Aytch
(New York, 1999), p. 74.

Chapter 25: River of Death

 
1.
Robert L. Kincaid,
The Wilderness Road
(Middlesboro, Ky., 1966)
,
pp. 268–69.

 
2.
Ibid., pp. 263–65.

 
3.
OR, ser. 1, vol. 30, doc. 52, p. 435, De Courcy to Brigadier General Potter, September 7, 1863.

 
4.
William Marvel,
Burnside
(Chapel Hill, N.C., 1991), p. 278. For example, De Courcy wrote to Brigadier General Potter on September 7, 1863: “My sick are filling the houses in my rear, and I have no surgeons or medicines to leave with them. Dr. Wilson can inform you that I foretold this and some of the other disasters which must take place on this line of operations unless commissary, quartermaster’s, and medical departments work in a different fashion from what they are now doing.” OR, ser. 1, vol. 30, doc. 52, p. 435.

 
5.
Kincaid,
The Wilderness Road,
p. 271.

 
6.
Ibid.

 
7.
Ibid.

 
8.
Frank E. Vandiver (ed.),
The Civil War Diary of Josiah Gorgas
(Tuscaloosa, Ala., 1947), p. 62, September 17, 1863.

 
9.
NARA, M552, roll 26, Compiled Military Service Record, De Courcy to Colonel Richmond, September 18, 1863.

10.
http://www.mkwe.com/ohio/pages/linn-03.htm
, 16th Ohio Volunteers, Diary and Letters of Thomas Buchannan Linn, September 21, 1863.

11.
NARA, RG9, Loring to Burnside, September 18, 1863.

12.
OR, ser. 1, vol. 30/3, doc. 52, p. 943, General Field Orders No. 15.

13.
Hudson Strode,
Jefferson Davis: Confederate President
, 3 vols. (New York, 1959), vol. 2, p. 475.

14.
Francis W. Dawson,
Reminiscences of Confederate Service, 1861–1865
, ed. Bell I. Wiley (Baton Rouge, La., 1980), p. 100.

15.
Mary Boykin Chesnut,
A Diary from Dixie,
ed. Isabella D. Martin and Myrta Lockett Avary (New York, 1906), p. 241.

16.
Brian Holden Reid,
The American Civil War
, p. 132.

17.
Sam Watkins,
Company Aytch
(New York, 1999), p. 88.

18.
Ibid., p. 89.

19.
Illustrated London News
, December 26, 1863.

20.
Dawson,
Reminiscences,
p. 102.

21.
Edward Porter Alexander,
Fighting for the Confederacy: The Personal Recollections of General Edward Porter Alexander
, ed. Gary Gallagher (Chapel Hill, N.C., 1989), p. 301. Vizetelly’s brother claimed that he offered to deliver a message for Longstreet during the battle, since all the other couriers had been picked off by Federal sharpshooters. “Upon his return to the General’s headquarters, Longstreet commissioned him an ‘honorary captain’ in the Confederate States Army.” William Stanley Hoole, p. 104. It is possible that Vizetelly delivered messages, but not during a battle that he missed.

22.
Dawson,
Reminiscences,
p. 102.

23.
Emory University, Gregory MSS, Lawley to Gregory, September 16, 1863.

24.
Julia Miele Rodas, “More Than a Civil (War) Friendship: Anthony Trollope and Frank Lawley,”
Princeton University Library Chronicle
, 60/1 (1998), pp. 39–60, at p. 48, Morris to Lawley, September 24, 1863.

25.
Emory University, Gregory MSS, box 24, Lawley to Gregory, September 16, 1863.

26.
Doris Kearns Goodwin,
Team of Rivals
(New York, 2005), p. 556.

27.
Michael Burlingame and John R. Turner Ettlinger (eds.),
Inside Lincoln’s White House: The Complete War Diary of John Hay
(Carbondale, Ill., 1997), p. 84, September 11, 1863.

28.
Frederic William Maitland,
Life and Letters of Leslie Stephen
(New York, 1906), p. 119.

29.
It should be noted that Seward already suspected that the ships had been detained. Leslie Stephen dismissed Seward as a lightweight after he confused John Stuart Mill with Richard Monckton Milnes. Yet Seward was not so different than the MP who remarked to an American visitor that Lee would presumably follow up his Gettysburg victory by taking Washington and New Orleans, since “New Orleans is about 100 miles from Washington, I think?” J. G. Randall,
Lincoln the President
, 4 vols.; vol. 3:
Midstream
(New York, 1953), p. 317.

30.
Maitland,
Life and Letters of Leslie Stephen
, p. 122.

31.
An Englishman in the American Civil War: The Diaries of Henry Yates Thompson, 1863
, ed. Sir Christopher Chancellor (New York, 1971), p. 86.

32.
Ibid., p. 98.

33.
Randall,
Lincoln the President
, p. 370.

34.
James J. Barnes and Patience P. Barnes (eds.),
Private and Confidential: Letters from British Ministers in Washington to the Foreign Secretaries
(Selinsgrove, Pa., 1993), p. 335.

35.
Philip Van Doren Stern,
When the Guns Roared: World Aspects of the American Civil War
(New York, 1965), p. 234.

36.
“I never was in such a town or place in all my life,” Milne wrote admiringly. He believed that below the surface of hostility was a deep bond between the two countries that it was his duty to nurture. Somerset RO, Somerset MSS, D/RA/A/2a/34/32, Milne to Somerset, October 18, 1863.

37.
Ibid.

38.
New York Albion
, October 17, 1863.

39.
PRO 30/22/37, ff. 203–7, Lyons to Russell, October 16, 1863.

40.
PRO 30/22/37, ff. 219–26, Lyons to Russell, October 26, 1863.

41.
PRO 30/22/37, ff. 203–7, Lyons to Russell, October 16, 1863.

42.
PRO FO5/895, ff. 69–71, d. 758, Lyons to Russell, October 23, 1863.

43.
Eugene H. Berwanger,
The British Foreign Service and the American Civil War
(Lexington, Ky., 1994), p. 119.

44.
William Watson,
The Civil War Adventures of a Blockade Runner
(College Station, Tex., 2001), pp. 50, 56.

45.
PRO FO5/909, ff. 361–62, Lynn to Magruder, October 3, 1863.

46.
Watson,
The Civil War Adventures of a Blockade Runner,
pp. 50, 58.

47.
PRO FO5/896, f. 40, Lyons to Russell, November 6, 1863. “My Lord, I have much to say regarding the barbarous manner in which British subjects are treated in the Southern Confederacy,” wrote Mr. McIntyre from Alabama on October 3, 1863. His friend James Maloney applied for a British passport in 1861 and started for home. The provost marshal arrested him anyway and sent him to General Bragg’s army, sneering at “his dammed English protection.” “I do not know whether your Lordship is acquainted with these facts or not. But if you are … it is very strange that something cannot be done to secure for British Subjects that protection which they seek.” In January 1864, the legation had to return the Southern consuls’ pay receipts to London, explaining that Lord Lyons “has no means of sending these letters to their destination, nor does he know whether the Consular officers to whom they are addressed are still at their posts.” The source for the quotation in the footnote on this page is PRO FO5/948, f. 57, Lyons to Russell, April 19, 1864.