A World on Fire: Britain's Crucial Role in the American Civil War (171 page)

21.
Matthew John Graham,
The Ninth Regiment New York Volunteers
(Lancaster, Ohio, 1997)
,
p. 420.

22.
Bruce Catton,
The Civil War
(New York, 2004), p. 130.

Chapter 20: The Key Is in the Lock

 
1.
Bernard Price,
Sussex: People, Places, Things
(London, 1975), p. 149.

 
2.
Robert Underwood Johnson and Clarence Clough Buel (eds.),
Battles and Leaders of the Civil War
, 4 vols. (Secaucus, N.J., 1985), vol. 3, p. 161.

 
3.
The Times
, June 11, 1863.

 
4.
William C. Davis (ed.),
The Civil War: A Historical Account of America’s War of Secession
(New York, 1996), p. 114.

 
5.
Jeffry D. Wert,
The Sword of Lincoln
(New York, 2006), p. 246.

 
6.
Henry Hore identified the raiders as belonging to Mosby’s Raiders, and, while there is no reason to doubt his word, it is worth noting that Mosby was at Warrenton Junction, Virginia, on May 3. See Jeffry D. Wert,
Mosby’s Rangers
(New York, 1990), pp. 57–58.

 
7.
Price,
Sussex
, p. 150.

 
8.
Geoffrey C. Ward, Ric Burns, and Ken Burns,
The Civil War
(New York, 1990), p. 210.

 
9.
W. C. Ford (ed.),
A Cycle of Adams Letters, 1861–1865
, 2 vols. (Boston, 1920), vol. 1, p. 294, Charles Francis Adams, Jr., to Charles Francis Adams, May 8, 1863.

10.
Hore returned to England after the war. He joined the Capital and Counties Bank in Chichester, eventually rising to bank manager. He died in 1887. Price,
Sussex
, p. 145.

11.
David Saville Muzzey,
The United States of America: Through the Civil War
(New York, 1931), p. 575.

12.
Allan Nevins,
The War for the Union
, 4 vols.; vol. 2:
War Becomes Revolution, 1862–1863
(New York, 1960), p. 453.

13.
The Times
, June 16, 1863.

14.
Winston S. Churchill,
The American Civil War
(New York, 1985), p. 100

15.
Ian F. W. Beckett,
The War Correspondents: The American Civil War
(London, 1997), p. 102.

16.
Illustrated London News
, August 8, 1863.

17.
Ibid., August 29, 1863.

18.
William L. Shea and Terrence J. Winschel,
Vicksburg Is the Key
(Lincoln, Nebr., 2003), p. 151.

19.
Illustrated London News
, August 29, 1863.

20.
Philip Tucker, “Confederate Secret Agent in Ireland: Father John B. Bannon and His Irish Mission, 1863–1864,”
Journal of Confederate History
, 5 (1990), p. 55.

21.
Francis Galton (ed.),
Vacation Tourists, 1862–1863
(London, 1864), p. 412.

22.
Ibid., p. 410.

23.
PRO FO 115/394, ff. 305–7, Mayo to Lyons, June 26, 1863.

24.
James G. Hollandsorth,
Pretense of Glory
(Baton Rouge, La., 1998), p. 120.

25.
Huguenot Historical Society, LeFevre/DuBois/Eltin Family Papers/NYUL58T-320–0057, Assistant Surgeon S. E. Hasbrouck to Sol, 133rd New York Volunteers, June 16, 1863.

26.
Arthur J. L. Fremantle,
Three Months in the Southern States
(Lincoln, Nebr., 1991), p. 120.

27.
Ibid., p. 7.

28.
Raphael Semmes,
Service Afloat: A Personal Memoir of My Cruises and Services
(1868; repr. Baltimore, 1987), p. 314.

29.
Fremantle,
Three Months in the Southern States
, p. 108.

30.
Ibid., p. 117.

31.
Frank L. Klement,
The Limits of Dissent
(New York, 1998), p. 168.

32.
The details of Colonel Grenfell’s life are taken from Stephen Z. Starr,
Colonel Grenfell’s Wars
(Baton Rouge, La., 1971), a brilliant piece of detective work on an extremely elusive figure.

33.
Fremantle,
Three Months in the Southern States
, p. 149.

34.
Ibid., pp. 149–50.

35.
Ibid., p. 164.

36.
Ibid., p. 180.

Chapter 21: The Eve of Battle

 
1.
Henry Vane,
Affair of State
(London, 2004), p. 65.

 
2.
Patrick Jackson,
The Last of the Whigs: A Political Biography of Lord Hartington, Later 8th Duke of Devonshire
(London, 1994), p. 33.

 
3.
“Bow down ye ignoble hard-working members!,” the Earl of Kimberley wrote sarcastically in his diary, who thought the position should have gone to him.
Journal of John Wodehouse, First Earl of Kimberley
(Cambridge, 1997), April 20, 1863. When Lawley heard the news of Hartington’s promotion he sent him the official report on the U.S. attack on Charleston on April 7. “A printed copy of it was handed to me as a favour, and I was told that I might make any use of it in Europe which I tried, short of its publication.”

 
4.
Frances Leigh Williams,
Matthew Fontaine Maury
(Piscataway, N.J., 1963), p. 409. Maury learned of his son’s disappearance on April 8, 1863.

 
5.
Merseyside Maritime Museum, Fraser, Trenholm MSS, B/FT box 1/7, Bulloch to Prioleau, April 20, 1863.

 
6.
MHS, Adams MSS, Diary of Charles Francis Adams, April 7, 1863.

 
7.
Martin Duberman,
Charles Francis Adams
, p. 305.

 
8.
W. C. Ford (ed.),
A Cycle of Adams Letters, 1861–1865
, 2 vols. (Boston, 1920), vol. 1, p. 275, Henry Adams to Charles Francis Adams, Jr., April 23, 1863.

 
9.
The inscription on the plaque reads: “Presented by English gentlemen, as a tribute of admiration for the soldier and patriot, Thomas J. Jackson, and gratefully accepted by Virginia in the name of the Southern people. Done
A. D.
1875, in the hundredth year of the commonwealth. ‘Look! There is Jackson, Standing like a Stone-Wall.’ ” The Beresford Hope quotation is from his
The Results of the American Disruption
(London, 1862), p. 44.

10.
Charles P. Cullop, “English Reaction to Stonewall Jackson’s Death,”
West Virginia History
, 29/1 (Oct. 1967), pp. 1–5.

11.
James M. Morgan,
Recollections of a Rebel Reefer
(Boston, 1917), p. 126.

12.
Library of Congress, Mason Papers, James Spence to Mason, June 16, 1863.

13.
Harriet Martineau: Selected Letters
, ed. Valerie Sanders (Oxford, 1990), p. 201, Martineau to Henry Bright, May 3, 1863.

14.
Brian Jenkins,
Britain and the War for the Union
, 2 vols. (Montreal, 1974, 1980), vol. 2, p. 50.

15.
Joyce Miank Lierley (ed.),
Affectionately Yours: Three English Immigrants, the American Civil War and a Michigan Family Saga
(Omaha, Nebr., 1998), p.166, Mary Ann Rutter to brother, September 24, 1863.

16.
John Bailey (ed.),
Diary of Lady Frederick Cavendish
, 2 vols. (New York, 1927), vol. 1, p. 161. The future Lady Frederick was also Gladstone’s niece, which no doubt played a role in her early political education.

17.
Wilbur Devereux Jones, “The Confederate Rams at Birkenhead,”
Confederate Centennial Studies
, 19 (Wilmington, N.C., 2000), p. 47.

18.
Sarah Agnes Wallace and Frances Elma Gillespie (eds.),
The Journal of Benjamin Moran, 1857–1865
, 2 vols. (Chicago, 1948, 1949), vol. 2, p. 1178, June 27, 1863.

19.
F. L. Owsley,
King Cotton Diplomacy
(2nd ed., Chicago, 1959), p. 450.

20.
Ibid., p. 461.

21.
Herman Ausubel,
John Bright: Victorian Reformer
(New York, 1966), p. 136.

22.
Ibid.

23.
Henry Adams,
The Education of Henry Adams
, ed. Ernest Samuels (repr. Boston, 1973), p. 187.

24.
Emory M. Thomas,
Bold Dragoon: The Life of J.E.B. Stuart
(Norman, Okla., 1999), p. 226.

25.
Devonshire MSS, Chatsworth, 2nd series (340.195), Lawley to Hartington, June 14, 1863.

26.
Edward G. Longacre,
Jersey Cavaliers
(Hightstown, N.J., 1992), p. 144.

27.
OR, ser. 1, vol. 27/1, doc. 39, p. 966, June 10, 1863.

28.
OR, ser. 1, vol. 27/1, doc. 43, p. 1054, June 10, 1863.

29.
Ford (ed.),
A Cycle of Adams Letters
, vol. 2, p. 32, Charles Francis Adams, Jr., to Henry Adams, June 14, 1863.

30.
Thomas,
Bold Dragoon
, p. 226.

31.
British Library of Political and Economic Science, LSE, Farr MSS, GB 0097 Farr/vol. 10, Add. 2, ff. 5–25.

32.
PRO FO282/10/d.211, ff. 104–11, Archibald to Lyons, July 8, 1863.

33.
PRO FO 114/402, f. 1038, Lyons to Revd. W. E. Hoskins, December 3, 1863. Lyons also passed on two letters from his brother officers, testimonials to how bravely Hoskins fought and died.