After the Sheikhs: The Coming Collapse of the Gulf Monarchies (50 page)

148
. Lord Eric Avebury.

149
. See Nolan, May 2011. The 1979 riots were in Qatif and Al-Hasa.

150
. See Nolan, May 2011.

151
.
Al-Riyadh
.

152
.
Associated Press
, 18 December 2010.

153
.
Al-Jazeera English
, 22 September 2010.

154
.
Jadaliyya
, 26 March 2011.

155
.
Gulf News
, 5 July 2011.

156
. Agence France Presse, 1 October 2009.

157
. Reporters without Borders January 2012. Citing the ‘World Press Freedom Index 2012’.

158
. Doha Debates press release, 25 June 2011.

159
. Muhannad Abu Zeitoun.

160
. Bahrain Center for Human Rights press release, 27 August 2010.

161
. Ali Abdulemam.

162
.
Foreign Policy
, 21 October 2010.

163
.
Gulf News
, 29 December 2010.

164
. Nahyan bin Mubarak Al-Nahyan.

165
. The author’s personal account.

166
. The author’s personal account.

167
.
Gulf News
, 21 October 2004.

168
.
Emirates 24/7
, 15 August 2010.

169
. Human Rights Watch, 13 April 2009.

170
.
WAM
, 28 April 2009.

171
.
Electronic Frontier Foundation
, 13 August 2010;
New York Times
, 13 August 2010.

172
.
Slate Magazine
, 27 August 2010.

173
. UAE Telecommunications Regulatory Authority, 24 September 2006. The document was entitled ‘Internet Content Filtering Policy and Procedure’.

174
.
The Independent
, 7 April 2009. The article was entitled ‘The Dark Side of Dubai’.

175
.
7 Days
, 10 April 2009.

176
.
The Sunday Times
, 29 November 2009.

177
.
ITP Net
, 14 July 2009.

178
.
Foreign Policy
, 10 August 2010. ‘As the UAE was consumed along with the rest of the world by the World Cup fever in June, a leaked document surfaced and was distributed amongst Emiratis on BlackBerry Messenger. The document appeared to be an official request from the secretary general of the UAE’s parliament… requesting that the Dubai Traffic Department waive the traffic fines of the parliament speaker…’

179
. Reporters without Borders press release, 29 July 2010.

180
.
The National
, 25 July 2010.

181
. Reporters without Borders press release, 29 July 2010.

182
.
E.g.
Abdul Hamid Al-Kumaiti.

183
.
Asharq Al-Awsat
, 4 August 2010.

184
.
Arab Times
, 14 December 2009.

185
.
Gulf News
, 20 October 2010.

186
.
Kipp Report
, 7 April 2010.

187
. Agence France Presse, 7 December 2010.

188
. Agence France Presse, 3 July 2009.

189
. Agence France Press, 19 December 2010.

190
.
The Guardian
, 2 January 2011. Referencing Brian Whittaker’s blog.

191
. Muhammad Al-Abdulkarim.

192
. Agence France Presse, 6 December 2010.

193
. As Fromherz describes ‘[the ruler] can support initiatives such as press freedom through [his wife] while distancing himself somewhat from the risks associated with such ventures’. See Fromherz, Allen J.,
Qatar: A Modern History
(London: IB Tauris, 2012), p. 27.

194
.
The Economist
, 14 May 2009.

195
.
Financial Times
, 24 June 2009.

196
. Doha Centre for Media Freedom press release, 23 June 2009. Since taken offline.

5. MOUNTING EXTERNAL PRESSURES

1
. Davidson, Christopher M.,
Dubai: The Vulnerability of Success
(London: Hurst, 2008), chapter 2.

2
. Foreign Office 370/109814.

3
.
Financial Times
, 3 January 2011.

4
.
Arabian Business
, 19 January 2011.

5
.
Financial Times
, 3 January 2011.

6
.
The Guardian
, 19 December 2010.

7
.
Gulf News
, 1 September 2006.

8
.
E.g.
the ‘Dirham Savings Scheme’ offered by the UAE’s National Bonds Corporation.

9
.
Financial Times
, 27 August 2007.

10
. AME Info, 14 April 2008.

11
.
Construction Week
, 4 March 2010;
The National
, 6 June 2011. The Abu Dhabi MGM resort will, however, be a non-gambling resort.

12
. See for example Mahdavi, Parvis,
Gridlock: Labor, Migration, and Human Trafficking in Dubai
(Palo Alto: Stanford University Press, 2011).

13
. SINA News Agency press release, May 2004, translated by the Women’s Forum Against Fundamentalism in Iran.

14
.
Washington Post
, 30 April 2006.

15
. BBC News, 5 July 2012. The authorities seem unwilling to take action, likely concerned that any enforcement of dress code will be viewed as a concession to Islamist groups in the country.

16
. Dahi Khalfan Al-Tamim.

17
.
Gulf News
, 26 December 2010.

18
.
Gulf News
, 26 September 2001.

19
.
Arabian Business
, 15 January 2012.

20
. Council on Tall Buildings and Urban Habitat press release, February 2012.

21
.
New York Times
, 29 December 2010.

22
.
Globalsecurity.org
Special report on Al-Udeid Air Base, Qatar.

23
. Davidson, Christopher M.,
The Persian Gulf and Pacific Asia: From Indifference to Interdependence
(London: Hurst, 2010), chapter 7.

24
. The other dry docks being in Bahrain.

25
. Davidson (2010), chapter 7.

26
. One company being British, one Danish, and the other Norwegian.

27
.
Workers World
, 17 May 2007.

28
. Davidson (2008), chapter 8.

29
.
International Herald Tribune
, 22 June 2005.

30
.
Jane’s Defence Weekly
, 7 February 2007.

31
.
Express Tribune Pakistan
, 4 July 2011.

32
. For a full discussion see Davidson, Christopher M.,
The United Arab Emirates: A Study in Survival
(Boulder: Lynne Rienner, 2005), chapter 1.

33
. Davidson (2010), chapter 7.

34
.
Washington Post
, 27 May 2009.

35
.
The National
, 25 May 2009.

36
.
The National
, 25 May 2009.

37
. Reuters, 10 October 2010.

38
.
CBC News
, 14 October 2010.

39
. General David Petraeus.

40
.
New York Times
, 31 January 2010.

41
. World Bank 2011 data derived from Stockholm International Peace Research Institute, Military Expenditure Database.

42
.
The National
, 2 January 2010.

43
.
Foreign Policy in Focus
, 10 June 2011.

44
.
Al-Arabiya
, 26 December 2010.

45
.
New York Times
, 29 December 2011.

46
.
Foreign Policy in Focus
, 10 June 2011.

47
.
Al-Jazeera English
, 2 February 2012.

48
. Reuters, 11 May 2012.

49
.
The Independent
, 8 July 2011.

50
. For dependency theory in the context of the Arab world see for example Amin, Samir,
Unequal Development: An Essay on the Social Formations of Peripheral Capitalism
(New York: Monthly Review Press, 1976).

51
. Filiu, Jean-Pierre,
The Arab Revolution: Ten Lessons from the Democratic Uprising
(London: Hurst, 2011), p. 145.

52
. Reuters, 29 November 2010.

53
. Reuters, 7 December 2011.

54
. Saud bin Faisal Al-Saud.

55
.
The Guardian
, 7 December 2010.

56
. Reuters, 29 November 2010.

57
. Agence France Presse, 24 March 2011.

58
. Reuters, 29 November 2010.

59
.
New York Times
, 28 November 2010.

60
.
Foreign Policy
, 17 December 2009.

61
. Yousef Al-Otaiba.

62
.
The Atlantic
, 6 July 2010.

63
. The consortium comprising the Korea Electric Power Company (KEPCO), Samsung, Hyundai, Doosan, and Westinghouse.

64
.
The National
, 29 December 2010.

65
.
Associated Press
, 21 June 2009.

66
. Agence France Presse, 30 July 2011.

67
. The consortium comprising General Electrics and Hitachi.

68
.
The Guardian
, 28 November 2010.

69
.
Arabian Oil and Gas Magazine
, 2 January 2012.

70
. Wikileaks, US Embassy Muscat, 1 March 2008.

71
.
Dow Jones Newswire
, 14 July 2011.

72
. Reuters, 7 December 2011.

73
. Roy, Olivier,
The Politics of Chaos in the Middle East
(London: Hurst, 2008), p. 96.

74
. Filiu, p. 133.

75
. See Hall, Marjorie J.,
Business Laws of the United Arab Emirates
(London: Jacobs, 1987).

76
. The suffix: .IL.

77
. In practice it is possible to enter the UAE with Israeli passport stamps, but no effort has been made to clarify the situation.

78
. Davidson (2008). pp. 199–200. Until its closure in 2003 the ZCCF hosted a number of anti-Semitic speakers including members of the International Progress Organisation.

79
. US Bureau for Democracy, Human Rights, and Labor 2007 report on the United Arab Emirates.

80
.
Gulf News
, 11 January 2009. Article entitled ‘Israel’s War of Deceit, Lies, and Propaganda’.

81
.
Gulf News
, 4 January 2009. Article entitled ‘Zionists are the New Nazis’.

82
. Davidson (2008), p. 200.

83
. Reuters, 18 January 2010.

84
. Davidson, Christopher M.,
Abu Dhabi: Oil and Beyond
(London: Hurst, 2009), chapter 6.

85.
New York Review of Books
, 19 August 2010.

86.
Associated Press
, 25 October 2006.

87.
Wall Street Journal
, 18 February 2009.