Allende’s Chile and the Inter-American Cold War (56 page)

66.
See Memorandums, Kissinger to the Under Secretary of State et al., 27 November 1970 and 30 December 1970, box H050/NSCIF/NPMP; Paper “Status Report on Discussions with Export-Import Bank on Discontinuation of New Credits and Guarantees,” enclosure, Memorandum, Crimmins to Kissinger, 4 December 1970; and Paper, “Feasible Reductions, Delays or Terminations of AID Commitments to Chile,” enclosure, Memorandum, Crimmins to Kissinger, 19 December 1970, box H172/NSCIF/NPMP. Kissinger also personally discouraged Ford’s chairman from visiting Chile. See Telcons, Kissinger and Edward Molina (Ford Motors), 19 December 1970; Kissinger and Irwin, 15 December 1970; and Kissinger and Molina, 10 December 1971, box 8/HAK Telcons/NSCF/NPMP.

67.
Kornbluh,
Pinochet File
, 84. See also
Covert Action in Chile
, 34.

68.
Covert Action in Chile
, 57.

69.
Memorandum for the 40 Committee, 28 January 1971, enclosure, Memorandum, Nachmanoff to Kissinger, 28 January 1971; Memorandum, Richard Helms for the 40 Committee, 15 March 1971, enclosure, Memorandum, Chaplin to Kissinger, 17 March 1971; and Memorandum, CIA for the 40 Committee, 21 April 1971, CDP-NSC. See also,
Covert Action in Chile
, 59.

70.
Memorandum, CIA for the 40 Committee, 21 April 1971, enclosure, Memorandum, Nachmanoff to Kissinger, 11 May 1971, CDP-NSC.

71.
“Covert Action Program for Chile,” 17 November 1970, CDP-NSC.

72.
Covert Action in Chile
, 38, and U.S. Congressional Findings (1971) as quoted in Schoultz,
Beneath the United States
, 359.

73.
Paper, Department of Defense, “Paper on M-41 Tanks,” enclosure, Memorandum, Crimmins to Kissinger, 16 February 1971, box H220/NSCIF/NPMP.

74.
Telcon, Kissinger and Rogers, 25 February 1971, box 9/HAK Telcons/NSCF/NPMP.

75.
Memorandum Secreto, MRE al Señor Abajador, no. 14, 24 June 1971.

76.
Ibid.

77.
Crimmins interview.

78.
Memorandum Secreto, MRE al Señor Abajador, no. 14, 24 June 1971.

79.
Washington Post
, 13 November 1970, as quoted in Telegram, Brazilian Embassy, Washington, to Secretaria de Estado das Relações Exteriores, 13/14 November 1970, Rolo 423, Telegramas recebidos da Embaixada em Washington/AMRE-Brasilia.

80.
Intelligence Note, INR, “Latin America: Chile’s Renewed Relations with Cuba—A Potential Problem for the OAS,” 30 November 1970, box 2199/RG59/NARA.

81.
Circular Telegram, DOS to All American Republic Diplomatic Posts, 15 November 1970, box H220/NSCIF/NPMP, and Memorandum, Nachmanoff and R. T. Kennedy to Kissinger, 5 December 1970, box H050/NSCIF/NPMP. On Kissinger’s views that the United States’ Cuba policy should not change, see Memorandum, Johnson to Rogers and Irwin, 8 December 1970, box 2201/RG59/NARA. On Nixon’s refusal to contemplate altering Washington’s Cuba policy, see Memorandum of Conversation, the President et al., the Cabinet Room, 9:40 a.m., 6 November 1970, in Kornbluh,
Pinochet File
, 116–20.

82.
“More Latin Lands Seem Willing to End Ban on Cuba,”
New York Times
, 14 August 1971, as quoted in Telegram, Brazilian Embassy, Washington, to Secretario de Estado das Relações Exteriores, 14 August 1971, Rolo 423/Telegramas recebidos da Embaixada em Washington/AMRE-Brasilia. On U.S.-Brazilian cooperation on this issue, see Record of Conversation, William Rountree (U.S. Ambassador in Brasilia), and Gibson Barbosa, 22 December 1970, Telegram, Rountree to SecState, 23 December 1970, box 2199/RG59/NARA. See also Mesa-Lago,
Cuba in the 1970s
, 123.

83.
Telegram, DOS to All American Republic Diplomatic Posts, 22 January 1971, box 2199/RG59/NARA.

84.
Telegram, DOS to All American Republic Diplomatic Posts, 15 November 1970, and Memorandum, Kissinger to the Under Secretary of State et al., 10 December 1970, box H050/NSCIF/NPMP.

85.
Memorandum, DOS to SRG, “Status Report on Implementation of NSDM 93 and SRG Directives,” 9 April 1971, box 2201/RG59/NARA; and Draft Telegram, DOS to All ARA Chiefs of Mission in Paper “Status Report of U.S Actions to Discourage Further Resumptions of Relations with Cuba,” enclosure, Memorandum, Crimmins to Kissinger, 4 December 1970, box H172/NSCIF/NPMP. The exact content of the information passed on by the CIA is still unknown. However, various stories about Cuban agents in Chile appeared in the U.S. press alone. See “Cuban Agents in Chile Hide Debray,”
Washington Star
, 10 January 1971, Oficio, Sánchez to Señor Ministro, 22 January 1971, Oficios Conf., R./EEUU/1971/AMRE; and Telex, Sánchez to MRE, 11 January 1971, Telex R: 1–400/EEUU/1971/AMRE.

86.
Vaky and Crimmins interviews.

87.
Oficio, Antonio Castro da Câmara Canto (Brazilian Ambassador in Chile) to Secretario de Estado das Relações Exteriores, 23 February 1971, Oficios/Embaixada do Brasil, Santiago 1971 (01)/AMRE-Brasilia.

88.
Nixon as quoted in Oficio, Letelier to Señor Ministro, 1 March 1971, Oficios Conf., R./EEUU/1971/AMRE; Telex, Magnet (Chilean Representative, OAS) to MRE, 21 December 1970, Aerogram y Telex/OEA/1970/AMRE; and Record of Conversation, Valdés and Antonio Sánchez de Lozoda (Bolivian Ambassador, Washington), 8 February 1971, Oficio, Valdés to Señor Ministro, 9 February 1971, Oficios Conf., R./EEUU/1971/AMRE.

89.
Telex, Valdés to MRE, 26 February 1971, Telex R: 1–400/EEUU/1971/AMRE.

90.
See Oficio, MRE to Letelier, 24 March 1971, Oficios Conf., E./EEUU/1971/AMRE; and Oficio, Letelier to Señor Ministro, 9 April 1971, Oficios Conf., R./EEUU/1971/AMRE.

91.
Telex, Valdés to MRE, 26 February 1971.

92.
Oficios, Luis Jerez Ramirez (Chilean Ambassador), Embachile Lima to Señor Ministro, 25 March and 13 April 1971, Oficios Conf., E./EEUU/1971/AMRE; and Oficios, Jerez Ramirez to Señor Ministro, 2 February and 6 April 1971, Oficios Res., E./R./Perú/1971/AMRE. On U.S-Peruvian relations, see Airgram, Belcher (U.S. Ambassador), Amembassy Lima to DOS, box 2196/RG59/NARA. Belcher acknowledged that U.S.-Peruvian relations had improved but stated this was for “reasons other than Peruvian reaction to the Allende election.”

93.
Telex, Pedro Vuskovic Bravo (Acting Minister) and Daniel Vergara Bustos (Under Secretary of the Interior) to Letelier, 13 March 1971, Telex E: 1–367/EEUU/1971/AMRE.

94.
Oficio, MRE to Letelier, 24 March 1971, and Oficio, Letelier to Señor Ministro, 9 April 1971, Oficios Conf., R./EEUU/1971/AMRE.

95.
Oficio, Embachile Rio to Señor Ministro, 13 November 1970, Oficios Conf., E./R./Brasil/1970/AMRE; and “Paises Latinoamericanos no han contestado consulta de EE.UU para bloqear a Chile; Departamento de Estado inició contactos en noviembre. Norteamérica y Brasil observan Gobierno de Allende,”
El Diario
and
La Prensa
, 13 March 1971, enclosures, Telex, Vuskovic and Vergara to Letelier, 13 March 1971.

96.
Oficio, Rettig to Señor Ministro, 2 March 1971, Oficios Conf., E./R./Brasil/1971/AMRE.

97.
Oficio, Rettig to Señor Ministro, 14 May 1971, Oficios Conf., E./R./Brasil/1971/AMRE.

98.
Quotations from Oficio, Embachile Rio to Señor Ministro, 17 September 1970, Oficios Conf., E./R./Brasil/1970/AMRE.

99.
O Estado de São Paulo
, 10 November 1970, as quoted in Oficio, Embachile Rio to Señor Ministro, 23 November 1970, and Oficio, Embachile Rio to Señor Ministro, 13 November 1970, Oficios Conf., E./R./Brasil/1970/AMRE.

100.
Oficio, Rettig to Señor Ministro, 23 March 1971, Oficios Conf., E./R./Brasil/1971/AMRE. On evidence of communication between Brazilian naval officials and anti-Allende sectors of the Chilean navy, see Record of Conversation, Rountree and Admiral Figueiredo, c. 14 January, São Paulo, Telegram, Rountree to SecState, 14 January 1971, box 1697/RG59/NARA.

101.
Oficio, Rettig to Señor Ministro, 30 March 1971, Oficios Conf., E./R./Brasil/1971/AMRE.

102.
“Paises Latinoamericanos no han contestado consulta de EE.UU para bloqear a Chile; Departamento de Estado inició contactos en noviembre. Norteamérica y Brasil observan Gobierno de Allende,”
El Diario
and
La Prensa
, 13 March 1971, enclosures, Telex, Vuskovic and Vergara to Letelier, 13 March 1971.

103.
Oficio, Embachile Rio to Señor Ministro, 29 April 1970, Oficios Conf., E./R./Brasil/1970/AMRE.

104.
Almeyda as quoted in Urgent Note, “Summary of Visit of the Chilean Delegation,” 2 June 1971, wiazka 3/40/75/AMSZ.

105.
On reactions to Brazil’s diplomatic offensive, see Oficios Conf., Rettig to Señor Ministro, 2 June 1971, and MRE to Señor Embajador de Chile en Brasil-Brasilia, 11 June 1971, Oficios Conf., E./R./Brasil/1971/AMRE. On Brazil’s outreach to Peru, see Oficio Conf., Rettig to Señor Ministro, 27 March 1971, enclosure, Oficio, MRE to Embachile Washington, 15 April 1971, Oficios Conf., E./EEUU/1971/AMRE.

106.
Oficio, Ramon Huidobro (Chilean Ambassador), Embachile Buenos Aires to Señor Ministro, 16 July 1971, Oficios Conf., E./EEUU/1971/AMRE.

107.
Oficio, Rettig to Señor Ministro, 26 March 1971, enclosure, Oficio, MRE to Embachile Washington, 15 April 1971, Oficios Conf., E./EEUU/1971/AMRE.

108.
Almeyda, “Foreign Policy of the Unidad Popular,” 88, and Almeyda as quoted in Urgent Note, “Summary of Visit of the Chilean Delegation,” 2 June 1971. On levels of trade, see Diplomatic Report no. 338/72, FCO, 19 April 1972, FCO7/2174/TNA.

109.
Record of Conversation, Hugo Vigorena Ramirez (Chilean Ambassador), Embachile Mexico, and Emilio Rabasa (Mexican Foreign Minister), no date, Oficio, Vigorena Ramirez to Señor Ministro, Oficios Conf., E./R./México/1971/AMRE.

110.
“Conferencia de Prensa del Presidente de la Republica, Compañero Salvador Allende,” 5 May 1971, Discursos/AMRE.

111.
Almeyda, Speech to OAS, San José, Costa Rica, 15 April 1971, in Vera Castillo,
Política Exterior Chilena
, 427–37; and Telex, Herrera to MRE, 1 April 1971, Aerograma y Telex/OEA/1971/AMRE.

112.
Special Report, FBIS, “Cuban and Other Communist Views of Chile: Elements of Competition with the Cuban Model,” 15 March 1971, CDP-CIA.

113.
Telegram, Hildyard (British Ambassador in Santiago) to FCO, 14 June 1971, FCO7/2091/TNA.

114.
Letter, Hildyard to J. M. Hunter (Latin America Department), FCO, 30 June 1971, FCO7/2091/TNA.

115.
Record of Conversation, Letelier and Crimmins, 17 March 1971. See also Telegram, SecState to Amembassy Santiago, 18 March 1971, box 18/RG84/NARA.

116.
Record of Conversation, Letelier and Kissinger, 23 March 1971.

117.
Oficio, Letelier to Señor Ministro, 9 April 1971.

118.
Crimmins interview.

119.
Memorandum of Conversation, H. E. Argentina’s Ambassador Pedro Real et al., Washington, 22 December 1970, Bureau of Inter-American Affairs, Deputy Assistant Secretary, Subject and Country Files, box 1/RG59/NARA.

120.
Paper, “A Study of Options for U.S. Strategy Concerning Chile’s Future Participation in the Organization of American States,” enclosure, Memorandum, Crimmins to Kissinger, 4 December 1970.

121.
Spektor, “Equivocal Engagement,” 43–80.

122.
“Brazil Program Analysis (NSSM 67),” enclosure, Memorandum, Wayne Smith to Kissinger, 3 December 1970, box H049/NSCIF/NPMP.

123.
Letter, Edward M. Kennedy to Rogers, 25 March 1971, box 2134/RG59/NARA.

124.
Memorandum, Irwin to the Secretary, “Policy toward Brazil,” c. 1 December 1970, box 2134/RG59/NARA; and Memorandum, Wayne Smith to Kissinger, 27 November 1970, box H049/NSCIF/NPMP.

125.
Memorandum, Nachmanoff to Kissinger, 25 November 1970, box H049/NSCIF/NPMP.

126.
Memorandum, Nachmanoff to Kissinger, 1 December 1970, box H049/NSCIF/NPMP. Although he was invited in early 1971, Médici finally visited in December. Handwritten note, Kissinger, on Memorandum, Nachmanoff and Kennedy to Kissinger, 5 December 1970, box H050/NSCIF/NPMP.

127.
Country Analysis and Strategy Paper (CASP), 30 November 1970, enclosure, Airgram, Rountree to DOS, 19 January 1971, box 2136/RG59/NARA.

128.
White House Tape, Nixon, Kissinger and Haldeman, 11 June 1971, doc. 139/FRUS/1969–1976/E-10.

129.
Memorandum, Irwin to the Secretary, “Policy toward Brazil,” c. 1 December 1970.

130.
Memorandum, Crimmins to Irwin, 19 December 1970.

131.
Memorandum, Laird to Nixon, 30 November 1970, box H220/NSCIF/NPMP.

132.
Telcon, Kissinger and Laird, 26 December 1970, box 8/HAK Telcons/NSCF/NPMP.

133.
Memorandum, Kissinger to the Undersecretary of State et al., 8 December 1970, box H049/NSCIF/NPMP.

134.
Study, “U.S Military Presence in Latin America,” enclosure, Memorandum, Meyer (Chairman, Interdepartmental Group for Inter-American Affairs) to Kissinger, 12 January 1971, box H178/NSCIF/NPMP.

135.
Telcon, Kissinger and Laird, 22 April 1971, box 9/HAK Telcons/NSCF/NPMP.

136.
Oficio, da Câmara Canto to Secretario de Estado das Relações Exteriores, 25 March 1971, Oficios/Embaixada do Brasil, Santiago 1971 (01)/AMRE-Brasilia.

137.
Record of Conversation, Rountree and Admiral Figueiredo, c. 14 January 1971.

138.
Record of Conversation, Rountree and Mario Gibson Barbosa, 12 November 1970, Telegram, Amembassy Brasilia to SecState, 12 November 1970, doc. 129/FRUS/1969–1976/E-10.

139.
Memorandum of Conversation, Rogers, Meyer, Robert W. Dean (Brazil Country Director), Gibson Barbosa, and Celso Diniz (chargé d’affaires, Brazilian Embassy), 1 February 1971, box 2134/RG59/NARA.

140.
Oficio, Embachile Rio to Señor Ministro, 26 October 1970, Oficios Conf., E./R./Brasil/1970/AMRE.

141.
Oficio, Huidobro to Señor Ministro, 16 July 1971, Airgram, Rountree to DOS, 28 May 1971, box 2132/RG59/NARA; and Oficio, Rettig to Señor Ministro, 2 July 1971, Oficios Conf., E./R./Brasil/1971/AMRE.