America Aflame (103 page)

14.
First quote in ibid., 17; remaining quotes in Charles Rosenbury Erdman,
D. L. Moody, His Message for Today
(New York: Fleming H. Revell, 1928), 156.

15.
First two quotes in Evensen,
God's Man
, 88, 25; New Year's Eve quote in Kathryn Teresa Long,
The Revival of 1857–58: Interpreting a Religious Awakening
(New York: Oxford University Press, 1998), 128; final quote in Evensen,
God's Man
, 27.

16.
Both quotes in Edward J. Blum,
Reforging the White Republic: Race, Religion, and American Nationalism, 1865–1898
(Baton Rouge: Louisiana State University Press, 2005), 128.

17.
All quotes in ibid., 129, 130.

18.
All quotes in ibid., 132, 135, 136.

19.
Both quotes in ibid., 141.

20.
Quoted in Ron Chernow,
Titan: The Life of John D. Rockefeller, Sr.
(New York: Random House, 1998), 231.

21.
Quoted in Blum,
Reforging the White Republic
, 143.

22.
The following details on the Centennial, unless otherwise noted, come from “The Centennial,”
Harper's
, January 1, 1876, 10, and “Our Centennial,” ibid., May 27, 1876, 422.

23.
Quoted in Joseph Horowitz,
Wagner Nights: An American History
(Berkeley: University of California Press, 1994), 61.

24.
First quote in Dee Brown,
The Year of the Century: 1876
(New York: Scribner, 1966), 129; second quote in Charles R. Morris,
The Tycoons: How Andrew Carnegie, John D. Rockefeller, Jay Gould, and J. P. Morgan Invented the American Supereconomy
(New York: Holt, 2005), 119.

25.
William Dean Howells, “A Sennight of the Centennial,”
Atlantic Monthly
38 (July 1876): 96.

26.
Quoted in Heather Cox Richardson,
West from Appomattox: The Reconstruction of America After the Civil War
(New Haven: Yale University Press, 2007), 173.

27.
First quote in Howells, “Centennial,” 103; second quote in Daniel E. Sutherland,
The Expansion of Everyday Life, 1860–1876
(New York: HarperCollins, 1989), 268.

28.
“1776–1876,”
Harper's
, July 15, 1876, 570.

29.
“Report of Lieutenant-General Sheridan,”
Index to the Executive Documents of the House of Representatives for the Third Session of the Forty-fifth Congress, 1878–79
, vol. 2,
Report of the Secretary of War
(Washington: GPO, 1879), 36.

30.
First part of quote in Jon E. Lewis, ed.,
The Mammoth Book of Native Americans: The Story of America's Original Inhabitants in All its Beauty, Magic, Truth, and Tragedy
(New York: Carroll & Graf, 2004), 253; second part in Dorothy M. Johnson,
Warrior for a Lost Nation: A Biography of Sitting Bull
(Philadelphia: Westminster Press, 1969), 67.

31.
Quoted in Richard G. Athearn,
William Tecumseh Sherman and the Settlement of the West
(New York: Hewlett Press, 2007), 223.

32.
The sources I used, unless otherwise noted, for the Greasy Grass/Little Big Horn battles include Wooden Leg, “A Cheyenne Account of the Battle,” in Thomas B. Marquis,
Wooden Leg: A Warrior Who Fought Custer
(Minneapolis: Midwest, 1931), 217–21; Iron Hawk, “Killing Custer's Men,” in John G. Neihardt,
Black Elk Speaks
(Albany, N.Y.: SUNY Press, 2008; first published in 1932), 119–25; Joseph M. Marshall III,
The Day the World Ended at Little Bighorn
(New York: Penguin, 2007).

33.
First quote in Colin G. Calloway, ed.,
Our Hearts Fell to the Ground: Plains Indian Views of How the West Was Lost
(Boston: Bedford/St. Martin's, 1996), 134; second quote in Stephen E. Ambrose,
Crazy Horse and Custer: The Parallel Lives of Two American Warriors
(New York: Anchor, 1996), 443.

34.
Both quotes in Mike Sajna,
Crazy Horse: The Life Behind the Legend
(New York: John Wiley & Sons, 2000), 282, 292.

35.
First quote in Philip Weeks,
Farewell, My Nation: The American Indian and the United States, 1820–1890
(Arlington Heights, Ill.: Harlan Davidson, 1990), 186; remaining quotes in “A National Disgrace,”
Harper's
, August 5, 1876, 631.

36.
Quoted in Neihardt,
Black Elk Speaks
, 105.

37.
See Sajna,
Crazy Horse
, 316–27.

38.
Newspapers quoted in ibid., 325; Red Cloud quoted in Robert W. Larson,
Red Cloud: Warrior-Statesman of the Lakota Sioux
(Norman: University of Oklahoma Press, 1997), 263.

39.
Nelson A. Miles, “Hunting Large Game,”
North American Review
161 (October 1895): 492.

40.
Gates quote in James Wilson,
The Earth Shall Weep: A History of Native America
(New York: Grove Press, 2000), 311; last quote in Francis Paul Prucha,
Americanizing the American Indian: Writings by the “Friends of the Indian,” 1880–1900
(Cambridge: Harvard University Press, 1973), 268.

41.
Richard Henry Pratt,
Battlefield and Classroom: An Autobiography
, ed. Robert M. Utley (Norman: University of Oklahoma Press, 2003; first published in 1964), xi.

42.
Quoted in W. Fitzhugh Brundage, “Meta Warrick's 1907 ‘Negro Tableaux' and (Re)Presenting African American Historical Memory,”
Journal of American History
89 (March 2003): 1373.

43.
Quoted in Robert W. Rydell,
All the World's a Fair: Visions of Empire at American International Expositions, 1876–1916
(Chicago: University of Chicago Press, 1984), 34.

44.
Andrew Carnegie,
Triumphant Democracy; or, Fifty Years' March of the Republic
(Boston: Elibron, 2006; first published in 1888), 1.

45.
Quoted in Mark Wahlgren Summers,
The Era of Good Stealings
(New York: Oxford University Press, 1993), 281. For a full discussion of the contested election of 1876, see Summers, chapters 19 and 20, and Roy Morris Jr.,
Fraud of the Century: Rutherford B. Hayes, Samuel Tilden and the Stolen Election of 1876
(New York: Simon & Schuster, 2003).

46.
Quoted in Summers,
Era of Good Stealings
, 283.

47.
Quoted in Eric Foner,
Reconstruction: America's Unfinished Revolution, 1863–1877
(New York: Harper & Row, 1988), 577.

48.
Grant quoted in John Y. Simon, ed.,
The Papers of Ulysses S. Grant,
vol. 28,
November 1, 1876–September 30, 1978
(Carbondale: Southern Illinois University Press, 2005), 116; Godkin quoted in Douglas A. Blackmon,
Slavery by Another Name: The Re-Enslavement of Black America from the Civil War to World War II
(New York: Doubleday, 2008), 87; Adams quoted in Morris,
Fraud of the Century
, 116.

49.
Quoted in Thomas E. Schott,
Alexander H. Stephens of Georgia: A Biography
(Baton Rouge: Louisiana State University Press, 1988), 504.

50.
Livermore quoted in Mary Ashton Rice Livermore,
My Story of the War: A Woman's Narrative of Four Years Personal Experience
(Hartford, Conn.: A. D. Worthington, 1890), 7; DuBois quoted in Foner,
Reconstruction
, 602.

51.
See Loren Schweninger, “Black Economic Reconstruction in the South,” in
The Facts of Reconstruction: Essays in Honor of John Hope Franklin
, ed. Eric Anderson and Alfred A. Moss Jr. (Baton Rouge: Louisiana State University Press, 1991), 180–87.

52.
Blum,
Reforging the White Republic
, 83.

53.
See Steven Hahn,
A Nation Under Our Feet: Black Political Struggles in the Rural South from Slavery to the Great Migration
(Cambridge: Harvard University Press, 2003), 321–60.

54.
See Bruce E. Baker,
What Reconstruction Meant: Historical Memory in the American South
(Charlottesville: University of Virginia Press, 2007).

55.
Daniel S. Henderson,
The White Man's Revolution in South Carolina: Address of Hon. D. S. Henderson. Delivered at the Unveiling of the McKie Merriweather Monument, North Augusta, South Carolina, 16th February, 1916
, South Caroliniana Library, University of South Carolina, Columbia, SC.

56.
Frederick Douglass, “I Denounce the So-Called Emancipation as a Stupendous Fraud,” April 16, 1888, in
FD:SSW
, 714–15; poem in Nina Silber,
The Romance of Reunion: Northerners and the South, 1865–1900
(Chapel Hill: University of North Carolina Press, 1993), 157.

57.
John R. Lynch,
The Facts of Reconstruction
(New York: Neale Publishing, 1913), 110; W. E. B. DuBois,
Black Reconstruction in America, 1860–1880
, Introduction by David Levering Lewis (New York: Free Press, 1998; first published in 1935); “A Colored Orator,”
Harper's
, September 13, 1873, 795.

58.
Henry Cabot Lodge,
Early Memories
(New York: Charles Scribner's Sons, 1913), 128.

59.
All quotes in Silber,
Romance of Reunion
, 78, 87.

60.
Robert Penn Warren,
The Legacy of the Civil War
(Lincoln: University of Nebraska Press, 1998; first published in 1961), 55; remaining quotes in Paul M. Gaston,
The New South Creed: A Study in Southern Mythmaking
(New York: Knopf, 1970), 173.

61.
Ellen Glasgow,
The Woman Within
(Charlottesville: University of Virginia Press, 2004; first published in 1954), 97; C. Vann Woodward and Elisabeth Muhlenfeld, eds.,
The Private Mary Chesnut: The Unpublished Civil War Diaries
(New York: Oxford University Press, 1984), xxv.

62.
Walt Whitman, “Song of the Exposition,”
Leaves of Grass
, ed. Harold W. Blodgett and Sculley Bradley (New York: New York University Press, 1965), 203, 204.

63.
Howells, “Centennial,” 96; William Dean Howells, “Characteristics of the International Fair,”
Atlantic Monthly
38 (September 1876): 359.

64.
See Charles R. Morris,
The Tycoons: How Andrew Carnegie, John D. Rockefeller, Jay Gould, and J. P. Morgan Invented the American Supereconomy
(New York: Holt), 120.

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