America Aflame (98 page)

54.
First quote in “Sensible,”
Campaign Age
, August 25, 1864; second quote in “The Working Men,” ibid., August 18, 1864.

55.
“Compromise with the South,”
Harper's
, September 3, 1864, 563.

56.
Both quotes in McPherson, “No Peace Without Victory,” 13, 14.

57.
Watkins,
“Co. Aytch,”
198–99.

58.
First two quotes in Sherman,
Memoirs,
705, 602; third quote in David W. Blight,
Race and Reunion: The Civil War in American Memory
(Cambridge: Harvard University Press, 2001), 163; final quote in Sherman,
Memoirs
, 585.

59.
George Templeton Strong,
The Diary of George Templeton Strong
, ed. Allan Nevins and Milton Halsey Thomas, (New York: Macmillan, 1952), September 3, 1864, 3:480; “General Sherman,”
Harper's
, September 17, 1864, 594; last quote in McPherson,
Battle Cry of Freedom
, 775.

60.
First quote in John Y. Simon, ed.,
The Papers of Ulysses S. Grant,
vol. 11,
June 1–August 15, 1864
(Carbondale: Southern Illinois University Press, 1984), 378; second quote in William J. Miller, “‘Never Has There Been a More Complete Victory': The Cavalry Engagement at Tom's Brook, October 9, 1864,” in
The Shenandoah Valley Campaign of 1864
, ed. Gary W. Gallagher (Chapel Hill: University of North Carolina Press, 2006), 136; third quote in Linderman,
Embattled Courage
, 213; final quote in
Richmond Whig
, October 15, 1864, quoted in
New York Times
, October 19, 1864.

61.
Both quotes in Linderman,
Embattled Courage
, 200.

62.
Carter,
Troubled State
, November 9, 1864, 160–61; “The Election,”
Harper's
, November 19, 1864, 738.

63.
Corydon Edward Foote,
With Sherman to the Sea: A Drummer's Story of the Civil War
(New York: John Day, 1960), 207.

64.
First three quotes in Manning,
Cruel War
, 184, 202; last two quotes, “The Re-Election of Abraham Lincoln,”
Weekly Register
, December 3, 1864.

65.
CW
8:101.

CHAPTER 15: ONE NATION, INDIVISIBLE

1.
Quoted in David Herbert Donald,
Lincoln
(New York: Simon & Schuster, 1995), 565.

2.
Corydon Edward Foote,
With Sherman to the Sea: A Drummer's Story of the Civil War
(New York: John Day, 1960), 209.

3.
Quotes in James M. McPherson,
Battle Cry of Freedom: The Civil War Era
(New York: Oxford University Press, 1988), 809, 810; last quote in William Tecumseh Sherman,
Memoirs of General William T. Sherman
(New York: Penguin, 1990), 652.

4.
George S. Bradley,
The Star Corps: or, Notes of an Army Chaplain During Sherman's Famous “March to the Sea”
(Milwaukee: Jermain & Brightman, 1865), 184, available on Google Books.

5.
Foote,
With Sherman to the Sea
, 212.

6.
First quote in James M. McPherson,
Tried by War: Abraham Lincoln as Commander in Chief
(New York: Penguin, 2008), 254; second quote in “Sherman's Report of the Georgia Campaign,” in
The Story of the Great March: From the Diary of a Staff Officer
, ed. George Ward Nichols (Bedford, Mass.: Applewood Books, 2008; first published in 1865), 335.

7.
Quoted in Joseph T. Glatthaar,
General Lee's Army: From Victory to Collapse
(New York: Free Press, 2008), 451.

8.
Dolly Sumner Lunt,
A Woman's Wartime Journal
(New York: Century, 1918), 84.

9.
Sam R. Watkins,
“Co. Aytch”: A Confederate Memoir of the Civil War
(New York: Touchstone, 2003), 219–27.

10.
Ibid., 21; second quote in Russell F. Weigley,
A Great Civil War: A Military and Political History, 1861–1865
(Bloomington: Indiana University Press, 2000), 415.

11.
U. S. Grant,
Personal Memoirs of U. S. Grant
(New York: Charles L. Webster, 1972; first published in 1886), 567; second quote in Archer Jones,
Civil War Command and Strategy: The Process of Victory and Defeat
(New York: Free Press, 1992), 214.

12.
First quote in James M. McPherson,
What They Fought For, 1861–1865
(Baton Rouge: Louisiana State University Press, 1994), 36; second quote in Charles P. Roland,
An American Iliad: The Story of the Civil War
(Lexington: University Press of Kentucky, 2004; first published in 1991), 242; final quote in Jones,
Civil War Command and Strategy
, 214.

13.
Sherman,
Memoirs
, 254.

14.
First quote in Marion Brunson Lucas,
Sherman and the Burning of Columbia
(Columbia: University of South Carolina Press, 2000; first published in 1976), 111; second quote in George C. Rable,
Civil Wars: Women and the Crisis of Southern Nationalism
(Urbana: University of Illinois Press, 1989), 178; remaining quotes in Emma LeConte,
Diary
, 35, electronic ed., http://docsouth.unc.edu/fpn/leconteemma/leconte.html.

15.
Quoted in Judith N. McArthur and Orville Vernon Burton, eds.,
A Gentleman and an Officer: A Military and Social History of James B. Griffin's Civil War
(New York: Oxford University Press, 1996), 78.

16.
Description in James M. McPherson,
Ordeal by Fire,
vol. 2,
The Civil War
(New York: Knopf, 1982), 471–73.

17.
Quoted in E. B. Long,
The Civil War Day by Day: An Almanac, 1861–1865
(Garden City, N.Y.: Doubleday, 1971), 644.

18.
Quoted in James M. McPherson, “No Peace Without Victory, 1861–1865,”
American Historical Review
109 (February 2004): 15.

19.
CW
8:220–21.

20.
First quote in Thomas E. Schott,
Alexander H. Stephens of Georgia: A Biography
(Baton Rouge: Louisiana State University Press, 1988), 445; second quote in Donald,
Lincoln
, 557.

21.
Quoted in Schott,
Stephens
, 447.

22.
First quote in ibid., 448; second and third quotes in McPherson, “No Peace Without Victory,” 17; final quote in Manning,
Cruel War
, 204.

23.
All quotes in Heather Cox Richardson,
The Greatest Nation of the Earth: Republican Economic Policies During the Civil War
(Cambridge: Harvard University Press, 1997), 241, 243.

24.
Quoted in ibid., 247.

25.
Both quotes in ibid., 249.

26.
Quotes in William C. Harris, “The Hampton Roads Peace Conference: A Final Test of Lincoln's Presidential Leadership,”
Journal of the Abraham Lincoln Association
, Winter 2000, http://www.historycooperative.org/journals/jala/21.1/harris.html.

27.
Quoted in Allen C. Guelzo,
Abraham Lincoln: Redeemer President
(Grand Rapids, Mich.: Eerdmans, 1999), 409.

28.
Both quotes in Stephen V. Ash, “Poor Whites in the Occupied South, 1861–1865,”
Journal of Southern History
47 (February 1991): 53, 51.

29.
See Paul D. Escott,
Many Excellent People: Power and Privilege in North Carolina, 1850–1900
(Chapel Hill: University of North Carolina Press, 1985); see also Albion W. Tourgée,
A Fool's Errand: A Novel of the South During Reconstruction
(New York: Harper, 1961; first published in 1879), 124; Victoria Bynum, “‘War Within a War': Women's Participation in the Revolt of the North Carolina Piedmont, 1863–1865,”
Frontiers
9, no. 3 (1987): 43–49.

30.
First quote in C. Vann Woodward, ed.,
Mary Chesnut's Civil War
(New Haven: Yale University Press, 1981), 777; second quote in McPherson,
Battle Cry of Freedom
, 820.

31.
First quote in Winston Groom,
Shrouds of Glory: From Atlanta to Nashville—the Last Great Campaign of the Civil War
(New York: Pocket Books, 1995), 274; second quote in “The End of Rebel Logic,”
Harper's
, December 3, 1864, 770.

32.
Jeffrey C. Lowe and Sam Hodges, eds.,
Letters to Amanda: The Civil War Letters of Marion Hill Fitzpatrick, Army of Northern Virginia
(Macon, Ga.: Mercer University Press, 1998), November 3, 1864, 182; Baughman quoted in Bruce C. Levine,
Confederate Emancipation: Southern Plans to Free and Arm Slaves During the Civil War
(New York: Oxford University Press, 2006), 44; third quote in McPherson,
Battle Cry of Freedom
, 836; last quote in Emory M. Thomas,
The Confederate Nation, 1861–1865
(New York: Harper & Row, 1979), 297.

33.
See Roland,
American Iliad
, 216–219.

34.
Quoted in Ronald C. White Jr., “Lincoln's Sermon on the Mount: The Second Inaugural,” in
Religion and the American Civil War
, ed. Randall M. Miller, Harry S. Stout, and Charles Reagan Wilson (New York: Oxford University Press, 1998), 211.

35.
Lincoln's Second Inaugural Address is widely available. The Library of Congress Web site for the address contains related useful links: http://www.loc.gov/rr/program/bib/ourdocs/Lincoln2nd.html.

36.
“The Inaugural,”
New York Times
, March 6, 1865;
Tribune
quoted in “The Inaugural Address,”
Harper's
, March 18, 1865, 162.

37.
Quotes in White, “Lincoln's Sermon on the Mount,” 222.

38.
Quoted in Mark A. Noll, “‘Both … Pray to the Same God': The Singularity of Lincoln's Faith in the Era of the Civil War,”
Journal of the Abraham Lincoln Association
, Winter 1997, http://www.historycooperative.org/journals/jala/18.1/noll.html.

39.
“Amending the Constitution,”
New York Times
, February 2, 1864. The editorial opposed the amendment.

40.
Quoted in Jon Meacham,
American Gospel: God, the Founding Fathers, and the Making of a Nation
(New York: Random House, 2007), 130.

41.
See Louis Menand,
The Metaphysical Club
:
A Story of Ideas in America
(New York: Farrar, Straus and Giroux, 2001), preface.

42.
Quoted in E. B. Long,
The Civil War Day by Day: An Almanac, 1861–1865
(Garden City, N.Y.: Doubleday, 1971), 659.

43.
Lincoln to Lt. Gen. Grant, April 2, 1865, in
The War of the Rebellion: A Compilation of the Official Records of the Union and Confederate Armies, Series I—Volume XLVI—Part III
, 449. The
OR
is a valuable resource for the Civil War. It may be accessed online: http://digital.library.cornell.edu/m/moawar/waro.html.

44.
First quote in Douglas Southall Freeman, ed.,
A Calendar of Confederate Papers
(Richmond: Confederate Museum, 1908), 251; second and third quotes in Jay Winik,
April 1865: The Month That Saved America
(New York: HarperCollins, 2001), 116, 119; fourth quote in K. M. Kostyal,
Abraham Lincoln's Extraordinary Era: The Man and His Times
(New York: National Geographic, 2009), 188; final quote,
CW
8:406.

45.
Both quotes in Grant,
Memoirs
, 624.

46.
Quoted in Brooks D. Simpson,
Let Us Have Peace: Ulysses S. Grant and the Politics of War and Reconstruction, 1861–1868
(Chapel Hill: University of North Carolina Press, 1991), 85.

47.
Grant,
Memoirs
, 631, 633, 634.

48.
Quoted in Long,
Civil War Day by Day
, 671.

49.
CW
8:393.

50.
Quotes in Gaines M. Foster,
Ghosts of the Confederacy: Defeat, the Lost Cause, and the Emergence of the New South, 1865 to 1913
(New York: Oxford University Press, 1987), 12.

51.
Quoted in ibid., 13.

52.
First quote in Guelzo,
Redeemer President
, 432; second quote in Donald,
Lincoln
, 592.

53.
First quotes in Timothy S. Good,
We Saw Lincoln Shot: One Hundred Eyewitness Accounts
(Oxford: University Press of Mississippi, 1995), 53; last quote in Jay Winik, “‘American Brutus': The Lone Gunman,”
New York Times
, December 19, 2004.

54.
See David Donald's account of the assassination in
Lincoln
, 596–99.

55.
Quoted in Philip Callow,
From Noon to Starry Night: A Life of Walt Whitman
(Chicago: Ivan R. Dee, 1992), 317; “When Lilacs Last in the Door-yard Bloom'd,”
Leaves of Grass
, ed. Harold W. Blodgett and Sculley Bradley (New York: New York University Press, 1965), 328.

56.
Quotes in James Howell Moorhead, “Religion in the Civil War: The Northern Perspective,” http://nationalhumanitiescenter.org/tserve/nineteen/nkeyinfo/cwnorth.htm.

57.
“When Lilacs Last in the Door-yard Bloom'd,”
Leaves of Grass
, 330–31. See “President Lincoln's Burial,”
Harper's
, May 27, 1865, 321–22.

58.
All quotes in Charles P. Roland,
An American Iliad: The Story of the Civil War
(Lexington: University Press of Kentucky, 2003; first published in 1991), 253–254.