America Aflame (95 page)

14.
First quote in Richard Barksdale Harwell, ed.,
Kate: The Journal of a Confederate Nurse
(Baton Rouge: Louisiana State University Press, 1987), 14; second quote in Charles P. Roland,
An American Iliad: The Story of the Civil War
, 2nd ed. (Lexington: University Press of Kentucky, 2004, first published in 1991), 65.

15.
Olynthus B. Clark, ed.,
Downing's Civil War Diary
(Des Moines: Iowa State Department of History and Archives, 1916), 41.

16.
Watkins,
“Co. Aytch,”
27.

17.
Quotes in Ellen Glasgow,
The Battle-Ground
(Tuscaloosa: University of Alabama Press, 2002; originally published in 1902), 175, 307, 315; Drew Gilpin Faust,
This Republic of Suffering: Death and the American Civil War
(New York: Knopf, 2008), 58.

18.
Quoted in Gerald Linderman,
Embattled Courage: The Experience of Combat in the American Civil War
(New York: Free Press, 1987), 117.

19.
Quoted in Hess,
Union Soldier
, 10.

20.
Quoted in ibid., 16.

21.
First quote in ibid., 137; second quote in Faust,
Suffering
, 37.

22.
Quoted in Linderman,
Embattled Courage
, 101.

23.
Quoted in ibid., 217.

24.
Quoted in Manning,
Cruel War
, 58; Elisha Franklin Paxton,
Memoir and Memorials
(privately published, 1905), 74, available on Google Books.

25.
First quote in Faust,
Suffering
, 37; second quote in Hess,
Union Soldier
, 1.

26.
First quote in Grant,
Memoirs
, 218; second quote in John T. Trowbridge,
The Desolate South, 1865–1866: A Picture of the Battlefields and of the Devastated Confederacy
, ed. Gordon Carroll (Boston: Little, Brown, 1956), 134.

27.
Theresa M. Collins and Lisa Gitelman, eds.,
Thomas Edison and Modern America: A Brief History with Documents
(Boston: Bedford/St. Martin's, 2002), 5–6.

28.
Quoted in Faust,
Suffering
, 188.

29.
CW
5:403–4.

30.
Herman Melville's poem, “Shiloh: A Requiem” (1862), may be accessed at: http://www.poetryfoundation.org.

31.
Quoted in Linderman,
Embattled Courage,
159.

32.
Margaret Mitchell,
Gone with the Wind
(New York: Macmillan, 1936), 212.

33.
First quote in Glasgow,
Battle-Ground
, 291; second quote in Hess,
Union Soldier
, 124.

34.
Henry Timrod, “Two Armies,” in Timrod,
Poems of Henry Timrod: Memoir and Portrait
(Boston: Houghton Mifflin, 1899), 158–60, available on Google Books; last quote in Drew Gilpin Faust, “Altars of Sacrifice: Confederate Women and the Narrative of War,”
Journal of American History
76 (March 1990): 1207.

35.
First quote, T. Buchanan Read, “The Brave at Home,” in
The Rebellion Record: A Diary of American Events
, ed. Frank Moore (New York: G. P. Putnam, 1861), 1:51; second quote in Drew Gilpin Faust, “Altars of Sacrifice” 1211; third quote in Jeffrey C. Lowe and Sam Hodges, eds.,
Letters to Amanda: The Civil War Letters of Marion Hill Fitzpatrick, Army of Northern Virginia
(Macon, Ga.: Mercer University Press, 1998), May 8, 1862, 3.

36.
Quoted in Faust, “Altars of Sacrifice,” 1217–18, 1219.

37.
C. Vann Woodward and Elisabeth Muhlenfeld, eds.,
The Private Mary Chesnut: The Unpublished Civil War Diaries
(New York: Oxford University Press, 1984), August 29, 1861, 145.

38.
Quoted in Giselle Roberts, “The Confederate Belle: The Belle Ideal, Patriotic Womanhood, and Wartime Reality in Louisiana and Mississippi, 1861–1865,”
Louisiana History
43 (Spring 2003): 207.

39.
Quoted in James Marten,
Children for the Union: The War Spirit on the Northern Home Front
(Chicago: Ivan R. Dee, 2004), 65.

40.
Quoted in ibid., 59.

41.
Quoted in Linderman,
Embattled Courage
, 108.

42.
Both quotes in ibid., 83, 87.

43.
Lowe and Hodges,
Fitzpatrick
, June 8, 1865, 210.

44.
“The Second Division at Shiloh,”
Harper's New Monthly Magazine
, May 1864, 830.

45.
Robert Garth Scott, ed.,
Fallen Leaves: The Civil War Letters of Major Henry Livermore Abbott
(Kent, Ohio: Kent State University Press, 1991), December 20, 1862, 160.

46.
Watkins, “
Co. Aytch
,” 188.

47.
Hess,
Union Soldier
, 7.

48.
Ambrose Bierce, “Chickamauga,” in Bierce,
Civil War Stories
(Mineola, N.Y.: Dover, 1994), 45.

49.
Watkins,
“Co. Aytch,”
64.

CHAPTER 11: BORN IN A DAY

1.
Fanny Burdock, interviewed by the Federal Writers Project and quoted in Allan Gurganus,
Oldest Living Confederate Widow Tells All
(New York: Knopf, 1989), xiii–xiv.

2.
Nat Love,
The Life and Adventures of Nat Love
(electronic ed., 1999; first published in 1907), 14, http://docsouth.unc.edu/neh/natlove/natlove,html#nlove14.

3.
“The Steamer
Planter
and Her Captor,”
Harper's
, June 14, 1862, 372–73.

4.
Quoted in Chandra Manning,
What This Cruel War Was Over: Soldiers, Slavery, and the Civil War
(New York: Knopf, 2007), 45.

5.
Quoted in ibid., 50.

6.
Lincoln quote in Allen C. Guelzo,
Abraham Lincoln: Redeemer President
(Grand Rapids, Mich.: Eerdmans, 1999), 330; Wade quote in David Herbert Donald,
Lincoln
(New York: Simon & Schuster, 1995), 317.

7.
“Slavery and the War,”
Harper's
, August 24, 1861, 530.

8.
CG
, 37th Congress, 2nd Session (March 6, 1862), 1102.

9.
Quoted in Allen C. Guelzo,
Lincoln's Emancipation Proclamation: The End of Slavery in America
(New York: Simon & Schuster, 2004), 19.

10.
Quoted in Emory Upton,
Military Policy of the United States
(Washington: GPO, 1916), April 9, 1862, 297.

11.
Walker Freeman's notes on the Peninsula Campaign appear in Keith D. Dickson's forthcoming book,
Keeping Southern Memories Alive: Douglas Southall Freeman and Identity in the Modern South
(Baton Rouge: Louisiana State University Press, 2011).

12.
Quoted in Donald,
Lincoln
, 357.

13.
For details on the life of Robert E. Lee, unless otherwise noted, I relied on Michael Fellman,
The Making of Robert E. Lee
(Baltimore: Johns Hopkins University Press, 2003); Douglas Southall Freeman,
R. E. Lee: A Biography
, 4 vols. (New York: Scribner's, 1934–35); Elizabeth Brown Pryor,
Reading the Man: A Portrait of Robert E. Lee Through His Private Letters
(New York: Penguin, 2008); Emory M. Thomas,
Robert E. Lee: A Biography
(New York: Norton, 1997).

14.
Stephen Vincent Benét, “Army of Northern Virginia,” http://oldpoetry.com/opoem/38925-Stephen-Vincent-Benet-Army-Of-Northern-Virginia.

15.
Quotes in Pryor,
Lee
, 285.

16.
Quoted in ibid., 288.

17.
Quoted in Elizabeth Brown Pryor, “Robert E. Lee's ‘Severest Struggle,'”
American Heritage
58 (Winter 2008): 23.

18.
Sam R. Watkins,
“Co. Aytch”: A Confederate Memoir of the Civil War
(New York: Touchstone, 2003), 11.

19.
Quoted in Fellman,
Lee
, 115.

20.
Quoted in James I. Robertson Jr., “Stonewall Jackson: A ‘Pious Blue-Eyed Killer'?” in
New Perspectives on the Civil War: Myths and Realities of the National Conflict
, ed. John Y. Simon and Michael E. Stevens (Lanham, Md.: Rowman & Littlefield, 2002), 86.

21.
Quoted in ibid.

22.
First quote in John S. Salmon, “Land Operations in Virginia in 1862,” in
Virginia At War, 1862
, ed. William C. Davis and James I. Robertson Jr. (Lexington: University Press of Kentucky, 2007), 10; second quote in Doris Kearns Goodwin,
Team of Rivals: The Political Genius of Abraham Lincoln
(New York: Simon & Schuster, 2005), 443.

23.
Olmsted compiled his observations from the Peninsula Campaign in a memoir. It is most recently available in Laura L. Behling, ed.,
Hospital Transports: A Memoir of the Sick and Wounded from the Peninsula of Virginia in the Summer of 1862
(Albany: State University of New York Press, 2005; first published in 1863), 115.

24.
Quoted in Stephen W. Sears,
Landscape Turned Red: The Battle of Antietam
(Boston: Houghton Mifflin, 1983), 42.

25.
Quoted in Guelzo,
Emancipation Proclamation
, 120.

26.
Stephen W. Sears, ed.,
The Civil War Papers of George B. McClellan: Selected Correspondence, 1860–1865
(Cambridge, Mass.: Da Capo Press, 1992), 239.

27.
Quoted in Stephen W. Sears, “Getting Right with Robert E. Lee,”
American Heritage
42 (May/June 1991): 63.

28.
Jeffrey C. Lowe and Sam Hodges, eds.,
Letters to Amanda: The Civil War Letters of Marion Hill Fitzpatrick, Army of Northern Virginia
(Macon, Ga.: Mercer University Press, 1998), September 2, 1862, 26.

29.
Quoted in Joseph L. Harsh,
Taken at the Flood: Robert E. Lee and Confederate Strategy in the Maryland Campaign of 1862
(Kent, Ohio: Kent State University Press, 1999), 60.

30.
First quote in Guelzo,
Redeemer President
, 310; second quote in James M. McPherson,
Tried by War: Abraham Lincoln as Commander in Chief
(New York: Penguin, 2008), 125.

31.
John T. Trowbridge,
The Desolate South, 1865–1866: A Picture of the Battlefields and of the Devastated Confederacy
, ed. Gordon Carroll (Boston: Little, Brown, 1956), 22.

32.
Quoted in Douglas Southall Freeman,
Lee's Lieutenants: A Study in Command
(New York: Scribner, 1998; abridged by Stephen W. Sears from original published in 1934), 362.

33.
Quoted in Fellman,
Lee
, 301.

34.
First quote in Alfred Lewis Castleman,
The Army of the Potomac, Behind the Scenes: A Diary of Unwritten History; From the Organization of the Army to the Close of the Campaign in Virginia, About the First Day of January, 1863
(Milwaukee: Strickland, 1863), September 18, 1862, 230; second quote in E. B. Long.
The Civil War Day by Day: An Almanac, 1861–1865
(New York: Doubleday, 1971), 268.

35.
Castleman,
Diary
, September 17, 1862, 227.

36.
Quoted in Donald,
Lincoln
, 387.

37.
Quoted in John F. Ross, “Treasures of Robert E. Lee Discovered,”
American Heritage
58 (Winter 2008): 28.

38.
New York Times
, October 20, 1862.

39.
“Diary of Gideon Welles” in
Atlantic Monthly
103 (February 1909): 155.

40.
Both quotes in Guelzo,
Emancipation Proclamation
, 26, 160.

41.
New York Tribune
, August 19, 1862;
CW
5:388–89.

42.
Quoted in McPherson,
Tried by War
, 132.

43.
Quoted in Guelzo,
Redeemer President
, 341.

44.
First quote in James M. McPherson,
For Cause and Comrades: Why Men Fought in the Civil War
(New York: Oxford University Press, 1997), 124; second quote in Robert Garth Scott, ed.,
Fallen Leaves: The Civil War Letters of Major Henry Livermore Abbott
(Kent, Ohio: Kent State University Press, 1991), January 10, 1862, 161.

45.
Both quotes in Manning,
This Cruel War
, 94, 93.

46.
First quote, “Fair Play,”
Harper's
, January 24, 1863, 50; second quote in Leon F. Litwack,
Been in the Storm So Long: The Aftermath of Slavery
(New York: Random House, 1979), 223.

47.
Quoted in Edward J. Cashin, “Paternalism in Augusta: The Impact of the Plantation Ethic upon Urban Society,” in
Paternalism in a Southern City: Race, Religion, and Gender in Augusta, Georgia
, ed. Edward J. Cashin and Glenn T. Eskew (Athens: University of Georgia Press, 2001), 29.

48.
CW
5:537.

49.
The song is widely available on the Web. Hear two versions at http://www.youtube.com.

50.
First quote in E. B. Long,
The Civil War Day by Day: An Almanac, 1861–1865
(Garden City, N.Y.: Doubleday, 1971), 296; second quote in Douglas Southall Freeman,
R. E. Lee: A Biography
, 4 vols. (New York: Scribner's, 1934–35), 2:462.

51.
First quote, Robert E. Lee,
Recollections and Letters of General Robert E. Lee
, ed. Robert E. Lee [his son] (New York: Doubleday, Page, 1905), 87, available on Google Books; second quote in John Beauchamp Jones,
A Rebel War Clerk's Diary at the Confederate States Capital
(Philadelphia: J. B. Lippincott, 1866), 1:214.