American Experiment (263 page)

294
[James’s sudden “fear of my own existence”]:
quoted in Edward C. Moore,
American Pragmatism: Peirce, James, and Dewey
(Columbia University Press, 1961), p. 115.

[Reaction of philosophers and others to James’s
Pragmatism]: H. Münsterberg to James, July 1, 1906, in Perry, vol. 2, pp. 471–72; C. S. Peirce to James, March 7, 1904, in
ibid.,
p. 430; see also p. 465.

[Pragmatism as humanism]:
F. C. S. Schiller,
Studies in Humanism
(Macmillan, 1907); see corr. between James and Schiller, in Perry,
passim

[Derivation of “pragmatism”]:
Philip P. Wiener, ed.,
Dictionary of the History of Ideas
(Scribner’s, 1973), vol. 3. p. 554.

295
[Holmes to James on
Pragmatism]: Perry, vol. 2, p. 462. Earlier comments on James’s articles on pragmatism: Holmes to James, March 24, 1907,
ibid.,
pp. 459–61; Holmes to James, April 1, 1907,
ibid.,
pp. 461–62.

[Holmes on the “life of the law”]:
Oliver Wendell Holmes, Jr.,
The Common Law
(Little, Brown, 1881), p. 1. See also Note, “Holmes, Peirce and Legal Pragmatism,”
Yale Law Journal,
vol. 84, no. 5 (April 1975), pp. 1123–40.

[Lochner
v.
New York]: 198 U.S. 45 (1905), quoted at 75; see also Max Lerner, ed.,
The Mind and Faith of Justice Holmes
(Little, Brown, 1943), pp. 143–50.

[Holmes on letting slaughterhouses be built]:
quoted in Eric F. Goldman.
Rendezvous with Destiny
(Alfred A. Knopf, 1952), p. 136.

296
[Rostow on Holmes’s opinions]:
Eugene V. Rostow, “The Realist Tradition in AmericanLaw,” in Arthur M. Schlesinger, Jr., and Morton White, eds.,
Paths of American Thought
(Houghton Mifflin, 1970), p. 205.

[Holmes on Brandeis as a crusader]:
quoted in Perry, vol. 1, p. 518.

[Aspects of pragmatism]:
Morton White,
Social Thought in America: The Revolt Against Formalism
(Beacon Press, 1947); Charles Morris,
The Pragmatic Movement in American Philosophy
(George Braziller, 1970); Morton White,
Pragmatism and the American Mind
(Oxford University Press, 1973); Gail Kennedy, ed.,
Pragmatism and American Culture
(D. C. Heath, 1950); AndrewJ. Reck,
Introduction to William James
(Indiana University Press, 1967), esp. chs. 5–6.

297
[Pratt on James’s pragmatism]:
James Bissett Pratt,
What Is Pragmatism?
(Macmillan, 1909).

[James on bringing out the cash value of each word]: Pragmatism,
p. 46.

298
[Hofstadter on the newly rich]:
Richard Hofstadter,
The Age of Reform
(Alfred A. Knopf, 1955). p. 137.

[Protestant ministry’s “massive”front]:
Henry F. May,
Protestant Churches and Industrial America
(Harper & Bros., 1949), p. 91.

[Shift of Protestant clergy and of legal profession]:
Hofstadter, ch. 4.

299
[Turner on the frontier]:
Frederick Jackson Turner,
The Frontier in American History
(Henry Holt, 1920); see also Frederick Jackson Turner,
Frontier and Section: Selected Essays,
Ray A. Billington, ed. (Prentice-Hall, 1961); Wilbur R.Jacobs, ed.,
Frederick Jackson Turner’s Legacy
(Huntington Library, 1965).

[Other progressive historians]:
Orin Grant Libby, “The Geographical Distribution of the Vote of the Thirteen States of the Federal Constitution, 1787–1788,” in
Bulletin of the University of Wisconsin, Economics, Political Science and History Series,
vol. 1, no. 1 (1934); J. Allen Smith,
The Spirit of American Government
(Macmillan, 1907).

[Beard’s economic interpretation]: An Economic Interpretation of the Constitution of the United States
(Macmillan, 1913).

[Beard’s early years]:
Richard Hofstadter,
The Progressive Historians
(Alfred A. Knopf, 1968), ch. 5; Goldman,
op. cit.,
pp. 149–51.

300
[Beard’s conclusions]: Economic Interpretation,
pp. 324–25.

[Response to Beard’s
Interpretation]: quoted in Goldman, pp. 153–54.

[Lerner on Beard’s
Interpretation]: Max Lerner,
Ideas Are Weapons
(Viking Press, 1939), p. 154.

301
[Madison on ideas and interests]: The Federalist,
Jacob E. Cooke, ed. (Wesleyan UniversityPress, 1961), no. 10, quoted at pp. 57–59.

[Holmes on Beard’s
Interpretation]: quoted in Hofstadter,
The Progressive Historians,
pp. 212–13.

On Charles A. Beard and his
Interpretation
in general, see John Patrick Diggins, “Power and Authority in American History: The Case of Charles A. Beard and His Critics,”
American Historical Review,
vol. 86, no. 4 (October 1981), pp. 701–30.

302
[Beard as a theorist]:
Harold J. Laski, “Charles Beard: An English View,” in Howard K.Beale, ed.,
Charles A. Beard: An Appraisal
(University of Kentucky Press, 1954), pp. 9–24.

302–3
[Veblen’s personality and background]:
Joseph Dorfman,
Thorstein Veblen and His America
(Viking Press, 1934]: David Riesman,
Thorstein Veblen
(Scribner’s, 1953); Max Lerner, ed..
The Portable Veblen
(Viking Press, 1948), “Introduction” by Lerner.

303
[Veblen chrestomathy]:
Thorstein Veblen,
The Theory of the Leisure Class
(Modern Library,1934), pp. 274. 170–71, 141, 143, 140, respectively.

[Veblen’s basic philosophy]:
Bernard Rosenberg,
The Values of Veblen
(Public Affairs Press, 1956); Stanley Matthew Daugert,
The Philosophy of Veblen
(King’s Crown Press, 1950).

[Veblen on the subordination of women]:
John P.Diggins,
The Bard of Savagery
(Seabury Press, 1978). ch. 8.

[Veblen and Marx]:
Diggins,
Bard of Savagery,
part 2; Veblen, “The Socialist Economics of Karl Marx and His Followers,” in Veblen,
Veblen on Marx, Race, Science and Economics
(Capricorn Books, 1969), pp. 409–56; J. A. Hobson,
Veblen
(Chapman and Hall, 1936).

304
[Dobriansky on Veblen]:
Lev E. Dobriansky,
Veblenism: A New Critique
(Public Affairs Press,1957). esp. ch. 9.

[Veblen’s failure to offer comprehensive social alternative]:
Arthur K. Davis, “Sociological Elements in Veblen’s Economic Theory,
” Journal of Political Economy,
vol. 53, no. 2 (June 1945). pp. 132–49.

[Irish gardener to Adams]: Education of Henry Adams, op. cit.,
p. 16.

[Adams in Washington]:
Van Wyck Brooks,
New England: Indian Summer
(E. P. Dutton, 1940), ch. 17.

305
[Henry Adams, life and ideas]:
Henry Brooks Adams Papers, Massachusetts Historical Society; Ernest Samuels,
Henry Adams: The Major Phase
(Harvard University Press, 1964);R. P. Blackmur,
Henry Adams
(Harcourt Brace Jovanovich, 1980); David R. Contosta,
Henry Adams and the American Experiment
(Little, Brown, 1980); John J. Conder,
A Formula of His Own
(University of Chicago Press, 1970); William Dusinberre,
Henry Adams: The Myth of Failure
(University Press of Virginia, 1980).

[Kelvin on modern biologists]:
quoted in Samuels, p. 476.

[James on not understanding Adams’s theory]: ibid.,
p. 485.

[Adams on power, Roosevelt, and trusts]: Education of Henry Adams,
pp. 418, 500.

306
[Brooks Adams’s views]:
Brooks Adams, “Introductory Note,” in Henry Adams,
The Degradation of the Democratic Dogma
(Macmillan, 1920), pp. v–xiii; Brooks Adams,
The Law of Civilization and Decay
(Swan Sonnenschein, 1895).

[Charles Francis Adams on being bored]:
Charles Francis Adams, Jr., to Henry Adams,
January 15, 1908, Henry Brooks Adams Papers, Massachusetts Historical Society, see also, Ford,
Letters of Henry Adams, op. cit.,
vol. 2, pp. 487–88 (Henry Adams to Charles Francis Adams, Jr., January 17, 1908).

306
[Greenwich Village, early 1900s]
: Arthur Frank Wertheim,
The New York Little Renaissance
(New York University Press, 1976); John A. Kouwenhoven,
The Columbia Historical Portrait of New York
(Doubleday, 1953), Group Six; Frederick J. Hoffman,
The Twenties
(Viking Press, 1955), ch. 1.

307
[“Everybody was freeing themselves”]:
Floyd Dell, quoted in Goldman,
op. cit.,
p. 224.

[
Washington Square boardinghouse ofthe great]:
Gilbert Tauber and Samuel Kaplan,
The New York City Handbook
(Doubleday, 1966), p. 467.

[A bastard and the “bourgeois pigs”]:
quoted in Goldman, p. 225.

308
[Luhan’s voice]:
Maurice Sterne, quoted in Wertheim, p. 91.

[The Luhan salon]:
Mabel Dodge Luhan,
Movers and Shakers,
vol. 3 of
Intimate Memoirs
(Harcourt, Brace, 1933–36), p. 83.

[Reed on Luhan]:
quoted in Wertheim, p. 91.

[“Melt, You Women!”]: ibid.

[Marx on the bourgeois epoch]:
quoted in Justin Kaplan, review ofMarshall Berman,
All That Is Solid Melts into Air
(Simon and Schuster, 1982),
Harvard Magazine
(March–April 1982), pp. 8–9.

[The American art establishment, late nineteenth century]:
Alan Trachtenberg,
The Incorporation
o
f America: Culture and Society in the Gilded Age
(Hill and Wang, 1982), esp. ch. 5, quoted at pp. 144–45; Robert M. Crunden,
Ministers of Reform
(Basic Books, 1982), pp. 102–3.

309
[“And I dislike unrest”]:
Sir Purdon Clarke, quoted in Herbert J. Seligmann, “291: A Vision Through Photography,” in Waldo Frank et al.,
America & Alfred Stieglitz
(Aperture, 1975), p. 60.

[New currents in art, late nineteenth century]:
Oliver W. Larkin,
Art and Life in America
(Holt, Rinehart and Winston, 1960), book 4; Theodore E. Stebbins, Jr., Carol Troyen, and Trevor J. Fairbrother,
A New World: Masterpieces of American Painting, 1760–1910
(Museum of Fine Arts, Boston, 1983), chs. 8–9; Trachtenberg,
passim.

[Homer]:
Gordon Hendricks,
The Life and Work of Winslow Homer
(Harry N. Abrams, 1979); Lloyd Goodrich,
Winslow Homer
(Whitney Museum ofAmerican Art-Macmillan, 1945).

[“Exactly as it appears”]:
quoted in James T. Flexner,
That Wilder Image
(Little, Brown, 1962), pp. 345–46.

[Eakins]:
Gordon Hendricks,
The Life and Times of Thomas Eakins
(Grossman, 1974); Sylvan Schendler,
Eakins
(Little, Brown, 1967).

[“Physiology from top to toe”]:
quoted in Larkin, p. 277.

310
[“Drunks and slatterns”]: Outlook,
quoted in
ibid.,
p. 336.

[“Paint the ugly”]: ibid.

[The Eight]:
Bernard B. Perlman,
The Immortal Eight
(Exposition Press, 1962); Ira Glauckens,
William Glauckens and the Ashcan Group
(Crown, 1957); Wertheim, pp. 131–36.

[Henri]:
William Innes Homer,
Robert Henri and His Circle
(Cornell University Press, 1969); Perlman, pp. 39–64 and
passim.

[Henri’s convictions about painting]:
Crunden, p. 104.

[Stieglitz]:
Dorothy Norman,
Albert Stieglitz: An American Seer
(Random House, 1960); Sue Davidson Lowe,
Stieglitz: A Memoir/Biography
(Farrar, Straus & Giroux, 1983); Sara Greenough and Juan Hamilton, eds.,
Alfred Stieglitz: Photographs and Writings
(Callaway Editions, 1983); Waldo Frank et al.

311
[“Not very elevating”]:
W. B. McCormick, quoted in Norman, p. 72.

[Armory Show]:
Larkin, ch. 28. I have drawn heavily from Larkin in describing the exhibits, especially the “American room,” quoted from Larkin at p. 363.

[Century
review of Armory Show]: ibid.,
p. 364.

312
[Roosevelt on the Armory Show]:
quoted in Crunden, p. 114.

[Loss of continuity between art and experience]:
Larkin, p. 348.

[Mumford on Stieglitz assimilating the machine]:
Mumford, “The Metropolitan Milieu,” in Waldo Frank et al., p. 32.

313
[Wright on the uglification of America]:
quoted in Crunden, pp. 158–59.

[Wright on the machine and Democracy]: ibid.,
p. 157.

[Sloan and
The Masses]: Wertheim,
op. cit.,
pp. 37–44; Bruce St. John, ed.,
John Sloan’s New York Scene, from the Diaries, Notes and Correspondence, 1906–1913
(Harper & Row, 1965); Crunden,
op. cit.,
pp. 111–12.

[Art Young]:
Young,
Art Young: His Life and Times,
John N. Beffel, ed. (Sheridan House, 1939), esp. ch. 26.

[Eastman]:
Daniel Aaron,
Writers on the Left
(Harcourt, Brace & World, 1961), ch. 1 and
passim;
William O’Neill,
The Last Romantic
(Oxford University Press, 1978), esp. ch. 2; Max Eastman,
Enjoyment of Living
(Harper & Bros., 1948), esp. parts 6 and 7; Wertheim, pp. 34–35.

[Eastman’s appointment]:
Young, p. 275.

314
[“We live on scraps”]:
quoted in Wertheim, p. 43.

[Secession at
The Masses]:
ibid.,
pp. 43–44, Young quoted at p. 43.

[The Seven Arts]:
ibid.,
pp. 173–83, Oppenheim quoted at p. 174; James Oppenheim, “The Story of the
Seven Arts,” The American Mercury,
vol. 20, no. 78 (June 1930), pp. 156–64.