An Inoffensive Rearmament (41 page)

samurai,
111–13
,
131
. See also
bushidō

Sauer, Colonel,
99

SCAP.
See
supreme commander for Allied powers

seishin kyōiku
(military spirit),
109–14
,
119–20

self-defense, right of,
33
,
39–40
,
41
,
42
,
136–37
,
138

self-defense forces,
40
,
53
,
139
,
173
.
See also
Japan Self-Defense Forces

self-sacrifice,
118–19

seppuku,
130
,
158

Shellenberger, Colonel,
91–92

Shepard, Whitfield P.: at CASA headquarters,
75–77
; as chief, Civil Affairs Section,
xviii
,
21
; interpreter,
60–61
,
85
,
86
; Kowalski and,
21
,
22–23
,
47
,
52
; MacArthur and,
75
; Masuhara and,
84–85
,
86
,
88
,
104
,
125
,
126
; National Police Reserve and,
23
,
28–31
,
60–61
,
63–65
,
66
,
67
,
73
; personality,
75
; Yoshida and,
45
,
48

Shidehara, Kijurō, Baron,
36–37
,
39
,
165

Shiga, Yōshio,
4
,
14

Shimbun Yoron Chōsa Renmei,
142
,
143

Shintō,
112

Socialist Party (Nihon Shakaitō): American view of,
175–76
; criticism of NPR,
133–34
; criticism of positions,
174
; Diet members,
31
,
43
,
133–34
,
169
; end of occupation and,
162
; left and right wings,
162
,
166
; opposition to rearmament,
52
,
132
,
136
,
137
,
138
,
140
,
166
,
173–74
; on peace treaty negotiations,
13
; Yoshida and,
174

soldiers. See
heitai
;
yobitai

South Korea,
20
,
107–8
,
127
.
See also
Korean War

Soviet Union: Cold War,
11
,
12
,
146
,
162
; Japanese peace treaty and,
12
,
13
,
164
; Japanese rearmament and,
53
; military forces in Far East Asia,
136
; representatives in Japan,
16–17
; Sakhalin,
82–83
,
136
; total diplomacy against,
12
,
13
,
16–17
,
20

special vehicles, tanks as,
81
,
94
,
173

spirit. See
seishin kyōiku

State Department, U.S.,
35
,
162

State-War-Navy Coordination Committee (SWNCC),
34–35
,
37

Stevens, Kenneth,
79–81

student protests,
14–15
,
167
,
169

Subversive Activities Control Board (SACB),
xix–xx

Subversive Acts Prevention Bill,
166
,
169

supreme commander for Allied powers (SCAP): anticommunist campaign,
14–16
,
20
; authority,
32
; Initial Postsurrender Policy for Japan,
35
,
56–57
; objectives,
4–5
.
See also
General Headquarters
;
MacArthur, Douglas
;
occupation

Suzuki (chief of police),
68–69

SWNCC.
See
State-War-Navy Coordination Committee

Takayanagi, Kenzō,
37

tanks,
81
,
94
,
134
,
135
,
136
,
153
,
173

tennō. See
emperor

Thoulton, Colonel,
100

“Three Human Bombs” story,
118–19

Tōhoku University,
14

Tōjō, Hideki,
62
,
63
,
156
,
157

Tōkyō Maritime Training School,
30–31

Tōkyō Metropolitan Police,
25
,
167
total diplomacy,
12
,
13
,
16–17
,
20
training: Advisory Group role,
99
; criticism of,
153
; of NPR officers,
99–100
,
103
,
104
,
105
,
129–30
; of NPR recruits,
79
,
83
,
93
,
98
,
99–100
,
101
,
104
,
106–7
,
129–30
; of U.S. Army,
17
,
18

Truman, Harry S,
11
,
13
,
78
,
147

Truman Doctrine,
11

Tsuji, Masanobu,
155–56
,
157

uniforms,
91–92
,
125–27

United Nations,
12–13
,
46

United States: ambassadors to Japan,
50
,
158
; Asian involvement,
7
,
8–9
,
19–20
; bases in Japan,
41–42
,
166
,
181
; civilian control of military,
89
,
179
; economic power,
19–20
; foreign policy in Cold War,
11
,
12
,
13
,
16–17
,
20
; military cooperation with Japan,
85
,
93
; military officer appointments and promotions,
89
,
176
; military readiness,
19–20
,
153–54
; patriotism,
110
; peace treaty with Japan,
13
,
20
,
162–63
; presidential power,
118
; security pact with Japan,
163
,
180–81
; Truman Doctrine,
11
.
See also
occupation

U.S. Army: 1st Cavalry Division,
9
; 7th Cavalry Regiment,
30–31
; 7th Infantry Division,
9
,
82
,
83
; 24th Infantry Division,
8
,
9
; 25th Infantry Division,
9
; cadre system,
82
; divisions in Japan,
9
,
17–18
,
19
; Eighth Army,
8
,
99–100
; Kowalski's career,
xv–xix
; organization,
93
; training in Japan,
17
,
18
.
See also
Korean War

U.S. Department of Defense,
87

U.S. Military Academy,
xv
,
xvi
,
179

Walker, Walton H.,
8

war, renunciation of.
See
Article 9

weapons: American,
93
; artillery,
94
,
132
,
134
,
135
,
136
; carbines,
28
,
80
,
81
,
83
,
93
,
101
; gradual armament of NPR,
27
,
43
,
101
,
141
; of Imperial Army,
92–93
; Japanese production,
152
; tanks,
81
,
94
,
134
,
135
,
136
,
153
,
173
; training,
83
,
104
.
See also
disarmament
;
rearmament

Weetman, Harold R.,
30
,
100

Whitney, Courtney S.: as chief of Government Section,
28
; constitution draft,
38–39
,
40
; MacArthur and,
28
,
74
; NPR officer screening,
60
,
61
,
64
,
66
,
67

Willoughby, Charles A.: former Imperial officers and,
28
,
57–58
,
59
,
60
,
61–62
,
63–64
,
69–70
,
100–101
; Hattori and,
61–62
,
69
,
153
; Hayashi appointment and,
65–67
; as Intelligence Section Chief,
28
; MacArthur and,
28
,
58
,
74
; reports on communist threat,
69–70
; reputation,
58–59

women: coffee
sukoshi,
76–77
; support of disarmament,
52–53
,
142
,
143
,
165
; voting rights,
52–53
,
143

World War II: bombings of Japanese cities,
1–2
; conduct of Japanese soldiers,
116–17
; D-day,
xvii
; Japanese surrender,
4
,
158
,
160
.
See also
peace treaty

Yamaguchi, Yoshitada,
4

yobitai
(new Japanese soldiers): choice of name,
121–22
; combat boots,
81
;
criticism of,
71
; dignity,
127
,
128–29
,
178
; former Imperial soldiers,
99
; newspaper articles,
124–25
; public perceptions,
123–25
; recruiting,
60
,
61–62
,
77
,
78
,
83
,
98–99
; spirit,
108
,
109–11
,
130
; suicides,
130
; training,
79
,
83
,
93
,
98
,
99–100
,
101
,
104
,
106–7
,
129–30
; treatment by officers,
178
; uniforms,
125–27
; volunteers,
98–99
; voting rights,
139–40

Yoshida, Kenzō,
49

Yoshida, Shigeru: amnesty,
161
; career,
48–50
; Constitution Day ceremony,
170
; constitutional reform and,
39–40
,
50
,
52
,
173
; dinner hosted by,
45
,
47–48
,
51–53
; end of occupation and,
159
,
163
; family and marriage,
49
; as foreign minister,
39
,
50
; on Korean War,
1
,
4
,
51–52
,
55
,
144
; MacArthur and,
175
; peace treaty negotiations and,
13
; as prime minister,
1
,
39–40
,
50–51
; on rearmament,
52–53
,
136–38
,
141–42
,
143–45
,
163
; relations with SCAP,
49
; “reverse course” program,
149
,
151
,
166
,
169
; Socialist Party and,
174
; during war,
50
,
54–55

Yoshida, Shigeru, National Police Reserve and: cabinet order,
31
; depurging officers,
104
; expansion,
72
,
136
,
180
; goals,
51
,
53
,
55
,
132
; Hayashi appointment,
66
,
67
; MacArthur's order,
25–26
,
41
,
55
; Masuhara's appointment,
84
; officer appointments,
50
,
90
; rearmament,
135
,
136–37
,
143
; support of establishment,
51
; use in domestic disturbances,
168