Ancient Iraq
PENGUIN BOOKS
ANCIENT IRAQ
Dr Georges Roux was born at Salon-de-Provence in 1914. The son of an officer in the French Army, at the age of nine he accompanied his parents to the Middle East where he lived for twelve years in Syria and Lebanon before returning to France in 1935. He graduated in medicine at the University of Paris and practised in that city for several years; but he had by then become so interested in Ancient Near Eastern History that in his spare time he read assyriology at the École du Louvre and the École des Hautes Études, subsequently pursuing his oriental studies side by side with his medical career. In 1950 he joined the Iraq Petroleum Company as a medical officer and served for two years in Qatar and seven years in Iraq. His original research work in southern Mesopotamia and the articles he wrote for specialized periodicals such as
Sumer
and the
Revue d'Assyriologie
have won him admission to the restricted circle of professional archaeologists and assyriologists.
Dr Roux now lives in Burgundy.
GEORGES ROUX
THIRD EDITION
PENGUIN BOOKS
PENGUIN BOOKS
Published by the Penguin Group
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Penguin Books Ltd, Registered Offices: 80 Strand, London WC2R 0RL, England
First published by George Allen & Unwin Ltd 1864
Published in Pelican Books 1966
Second edition 1980
Third edition reprinted in Penguin Books 1992
21
Copyright © George Allen & Unwin Ltd, 1964, 1980, 1992
All rights reserved
The moral right of the editor has been asserted
Except in the United States of America, this book is sold subject to the condition that it shall not, by way of trade or otherwise, be lent, re-sold, hired out, or otherwise circulated without the publisher's prior consent in any form of binding or cover other than that in which it is published and without a similar condition including this condition being imposed on the subsequent purchaser
ISBN: 978-0-14-193825-7
1. THE GEOGRAPHICAL SETTING
The Twin Rivers
Regional Variations
Trade Routes
2. IN SEARCH OF THE PAST
The Buried Cities of Iraq
Dating the Past
Archaeological Research in Iraq
4. FROM VILLAGE TO CITY
The Hassuna Period
The Samarra Period
The Halaf Period
The Ubaid Period
5. BIRTH OF A CIVILIZATION
The Uruk Period
The Jemdat Nasr Period
The Sumerian Problem
6. THE GODS OF SUMER
The Sumerian Pantheon
Tales of Creation
Life, Death and Destiny
7. AN AGE OF HEROES
From ‘Adam’ to the Deluge
The Great Flood
Dynasties of Supermen
The Story of Gilgamesh
8.
THE EARLY DYNASTIC PERIOD
The Archaeological Context
The Sumerian City-states
Early Sumerian Rulers
Outline of History
9. THE AKKADIANS
The Semites
Sargon of Akkad
The Akkadian Empire
10. THE GREAT KINGDOM OF UR
Ur-Nammu and Gudea
Shulgi, Amar-Sin and the Sumerian Empire
The Fall of Ur
11. THE AMORITES
Isin, Larsa and Babylon
Eshnunna and Assur
Mari and the Kingdom of Upper Mesopotamia
13. IN THE DAYS OF HAMMURABI
The God in his Temple
The King in his Palace
The Citizen in his House
14. NEW PEOPLES
The Indo-Europeans
Asia Minor and the Hittites
Hurrians and Mitannians
Syria and Egypt
15. THE KASSITES
Hammurabi's Successors
Iraq under Kassite Rule
16. KASSITES, ASSYRIANS AND THE ORIENTAL POWERS
Egypt versus Mitanni
The Time of Suppiluliumas
Assur and Susa versus Babylon
17. THE TIME OF CONFUSION
Israelites and Phoenicians
The Neo-Hittites
The Aramaeans
The Dark Age of Mesopotamia
18. THE RISE OF ASSYRIA
Genesis of an Empire
Ashurnasirpal
Shalmaneser III
19. THE ASSYRIAN EMPIRE
Assyrian Eclipse
Tiglathpileser III
Sargon II
21. THE GLORY OF ASSYRIA
The Assyrian State
The Assyrian Army
Assyrian Arts
22. THE SCRIBES OF NINEVEH
Mesopotamian Science
Mathematics and Astronomy
Medicine
23. THE CHALDAEAN KINGS
The Fall of Nineveh
Nebuchadrezzar
The Fall of Babylon
24. THE SPLENDOUR OF BABYLON
Babylon, the Great City
The New Year Festival
Economic Life
25. DEATH OF A CIVILIZATION
The Achaemenian Period
The Hellenistic Period
The Parthian Period