Arabs (113 page)

Saud, Abdullah ibn

Saudi Arabia

and al-Qaida

defense spending

Directorate of Oil and Mining Affairs

founding

Islamists

oil production

see also
Wahhabis, Wahhabism

Scientific knowledge

Scramble for Africa

Second Egyptian Crisis, 1839–1840

Second World War

and Britain’s rule of Middle East

Free French forces

Jewish refugees

Vichy France

Selim I (Selim the Grim)

Selim III (sultan)

September 11, 2001

post-

Seven Years’ War

Sèves (French colonel) (Sulayman Agha)

Shadow plays, Egyptian

Shahbandar, Abd al-Rahman

Shakespeare,
Macbeth

Shamir, Yitzhak

Sha’rawi, Ali Pasha

Sha’rawi, Huda

Sharia law

Sharif Pasha

Sharifian Solution

Sharja

Sharm al-Shaykh

Sharon, Ariel

Shaw Report

Shihab family

Shiites

Druzes

in Lebanon

significance of Karbala

vs. Sunnis

Shoe-throwing incident

Siba’i, Mustafa al-.
See also
Muslim Brotherhood in Syria

Sidqi, Ismail

Sinai Peninsula

Six Day War.
See
Arab-Israeli Wars, 1967 War

Slavery

European opposition to

and the
Qur’an

Slavery, military

boy levy

military.
See also
Mamluks

Sudanese

Social Darwinism

Society of Young Ottomans

South American oil

Soviet Union (USSR)

alliance with Egypt

allies, after Cold War

arms deals

as arms supplier

détente

invasion of Afghanistan

oil production

perestroika

role in Egypt

Spain

battles Barbary corsairs

Christians conquer

colonization of Morocco

Spanish Armada

Standard Oil

Stern, Abraham

Stern Gang.
See also
Lehi

Strait of Gibraltar

Straits of the Bosporus

Sublime Porte

Sudan

Suez Canal

as border

control of

nationalized

restored to Egypt

Suez Crisis (Tripartite Aggression).
See
Arab-Israeli Wars, 1956 War

Sufism (mystical Muslim brotherhoods)

Qadiriyya order

Suicide bombers

Süleyman II (al-Kanuni), Sultan and Barbarossa

Sunnis

Sykes, Sir Mark

Sykes-Picot Agreement

Syria.
See also
Greater Syria

Aleppo.
See
Aleppo

claims Lebanon

conquered by Ottomans

Damascus.
See
Damascus

declares independence

under Egyptian rule

under French colonialism

and Iran-Iraq War

Islamists in

local leaders co-opted

losses to Israel

Muhammad ’Ali invades

under Ottoman rule

post-World War I

role in First World War

secession from Egypt

succession of Bashar al-Asad

union with Egypt

Syrian Congress, 1920

ten-point resolution

Syrian nationalists

honorable cooperation policy

Syrian Social Nationalist Party

Tabbara, Lina (Mikdadi)

Tahtawi, Rifa’a al-

Taif Accord, Lebanon, 1989

Taliban

Tall, Mustafa Wahbi al-

Tanzimat era, Ottoman Empire.
See
Ottoman reforms, nineteenth century

Taqla, Salim and Bishara

Tawfiq Pasha

Taxation, land

Taymiyya, Ibn

Technology

and Ottoman reform

Tehran Agreement, 1971

Tenet, George

Tergeman, Siham

Texaco

Times
(London)

Tito, Josip Broz

Topkapi Palace

Torture

abolished, in Ottoman Empire

of Algerian revolutionaries

Guantanamo Bay prison

of Islamists

of Palestinian nationalists

of political prisoners

in the Qu’ran

Transjordan.
See also
Jordan

battles Israeli forces

support for Partition of Palestine

tax revolt

Transylvania

Treaty of 1922 (Britain and Egypt)

Treaty of Berlin, 1878

Treaty of Fez, 1912

Treaty of Karlowitz, 1699

Treaty of Madrid, 1912

Treaty of Preferential Alliance, Great Britain and Iraq,1930

Tripartite Aggression (Suez Crisis).
See
Arab-Israeli Wars, 1956 War

Tripoli (Lebanon)

Tripoli (Libya)

Trucial States

Tulun, Muhammad ibn

Tumanbay, al-Ashraf

Tunisia

battle for

declares bankruptcy

under French colonialism

independence

under Ottoman rule

reforms, nineteenth century

Tunisian Constitution of 1861

Turayqi, Abdullah al-

Turco-Circassians

Turkey, Ottoman

constitutional government

as the “sick man of Europe”

Turkish (Iraq) Petroleum Company

Tussun Pasha

Ukraine

’Umar, Zahir al-

Umayyads

Unified National Command (UNC).
See also
Intifada

United Arab Emirates

United Arab Republic

United Nations

Arafat addresses, 1974

diplomatic efforts

Geneva Conference, 1973

Resolution

Resolution

United Nations Emergency Force (UNEF)

United Nations Security Council

Resolution

sanctions Iraq

United Nations Special Committee on Palestine (UNSCOP)

Partition Resolution

United States

as ally of Jordan

as Arab enemy

as arms supplier

diplomatic efforts, Arab-Israeli

as Israel ally

and Kurdish uprising

Operation Desert Storm

policies, post-Cold War

post-World War I

on Saudi soil

University of Chicago

University of Northern Colorado’s Teachers’ College

University of Texas

Urabi, Colonel Ahmad

U.S.S Liberty
, Israeli attack on during 1967 War

USSR (Soviet Union).
See
Soviet Union

’Uthman Pasha

Uthman Rifqi Pasha

Venezuela

Verdi

Versailles Peace Conference

Vichy France

Vietnam

Violette, Maurice

Voice of the Arabs (radio station)

Wafd (Egyptian nationalists)

government

Wafdist Women’s Central Committee

Wahhabis

Muhammad ibn Abd al-Wahhab

battles for Mecca and Medina

executed

and Saudis

Wahhabism

Waldheim, Kurt

Wall Street crash, of 1929

War of Attrition.
See
Arab-Israeli Wars

War on terror

Wazir, Khalil al- (a.k.a. Abu Jihad), PLO official

Weapons of mass destruction (WMD)

Weizmann, Chaim

West Bank

Western culture, condemned

Whirling dervishes

White Papers

1930 Passfield White Paper

1939 White Paper

1922

Wilhelm II (kaiser)

Will, George

Wilson, Harold

Wilson, Sir Arnold

Wilson, Woodrow

Wingate, Sir Reginald

Wolseley, Sir Garnet

Women, role of

in Algerian revolution

in Arab nationalist movement

in Egyptian Revolution of 1919

in Islamist movement

in Lebanese independence

in Mocorran independence movement

in Palestine

in Syrian rebellion

World Bank

World Trade Center attacks.
See
September 11, 2001

World War I.
See
First World War

World War II.
See
Second World War

World Zionist Organization (WZO)

Yahya, Imam

Yassin, Shaykh Ahmad

Yemen

civil war

independent

under Ottoman rule

Yishuv (Jewish community in Palestine).
See
Zionism, Zionists

Yom Kippur War.
See
Arab-Israeli Wars, 1973 War

Younes, Mahmoud

Young Algeria movement

Young Egypt

Young Men’s Muslim Association

Young Turks

Youssef, Moulay

Zaghlul, Sa’d

Zaidi, Muntadhar al- (shoe-thrower)

Za’im, Husni al-

Zaydani shaykhs

Zhou Enlai (Chou En-Lai)

Zionism, Zionists.
See also
Israel; Jews

creation of Jewish state

as doomed to fail

King-Crane Commission on

migration to Palestine

Zuaytir, Akram

Zurayk, Constantine,
Ma’nat al-Nakba

Copyright © 2009 by Eugene Rogan

Published by Basic Books,
A Member of the Perseus Books Group

 

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Library of Congress Cataloging-in-Publication Data

 

Rogan, Eugene L.

The Arabs : a history / Eugene Rogan.

p. cm.

Includes bibliographical references and index.

eISBN : 978-0-465-03248-8

1. Arab countries—History—1517–1918. 2. Arab countries—History—20th century. 3. Palestine—History—Partition, 1947. 4. Arab nationalism. 5. Petroleum industry and trade—Arab countries. 6. Islam and politics—Arab countries. 7. Imperialism. I. Title.

DS37.7.R64 2009
909’.04927—dc22

2009028575