At Canaan's Edge (121 page)

causing Worth Long of SNCC to howl: Int. Ivanhoe Donaldson, Nov. 30, 2000; int. Frank Soracco, Sept. 12–14, 1990.

Bevel and others coerced: Ibid.

Soracco chased weary dawdlers:
Saturday Evening Post,
May 22, 1965, p. 92.

“I'm used to walking”:
Jet,
April 8, 1965, p. 11.

he had stood numb near the courthouse lawn: Int. Mary Lee (Jackson) King, June 28, 2000.

“Lordy!”: “Great Day at Trickem Fork,”
Saturday Evening Post,
May 22, 1965, p. 90.

Mattie Lee Moorer threw her arms: Eagles,
Outside Agitator,
p. 126.

“the ladies took Dr. King away from me”: Int. Mattie Lee Moorer, March 10, 2000. 148 “I done kissed him!”:
Saturday Evening Post,
May 22, 1965, p. 90.

“Lord, I Cannot Stay”: Int. Mattie Lee Moorer, March 10, 2000.

Rolen Elementary: Adler, “Letter from Selma,”
New Yorker,
April 10, 1965, p. 132;

Fager,
Selma, 1965,
p. 155.

Coretta King joined the march: King,
My Life,
p. 268; Wofford,
Kennedys and Kings,
pp. 190–91.

joined the ranks with a small flock of nieces: Int. Timothy Mays, March 9, 2000.

“Well, you're shaking hands with him now”:
Saturday Evening Post,
May 22, 1965, p. 92.

“I'll walk one step, anyway”: Adler, “Letter from Selma,”
New Yorker,
April 10, 1965, p. 135.

an imperfectly healed broken leg: Int. Rocena Haralson, Feb. 16, 2001.

camp in a cow pasture infested with red ants: FBI Selma to Director, March 22, 1965, FSMM-200, p. 4.

“when prices was up”: BAA, April 3, 1965, p. 13.

a teenager sneaked under a tent flap: Adler, “Letter from Selma,”
New Yorker,
April 10, 1965, p. 138.

“Well, actually, ma'am”: Ibid. 149 soaked blistered feet in a tub: Int. Jean Jackson, May 27, 1990.

returning to overnight at Steele's campsite: Rosen to Belmont, March 23, 1965, FSMM-239, p. 2.

“Mr. Young is in charge”: Califano to McNamara et al., “Report No. 6 as of 1000,” March 23, 1965, Ex HU2/ST1, Box 24, LBJ.

space launch of Gemini 3: PDD, March 23, 1965, LBJ; Associated Press,
Year in 1965,
pp. 60–62.

Team Alpha to Team Bravo: Califano to McNamara et al., “Report No. 3 as of 1600,” March 22, 1965, Ex HU2/ST1, Box 24, LBJ.

“It hit with drops as big as quarters”:
Saturday Evening Post,
May 22, 1965, p. 92.

“a nigger won't stay out in the rain”: Adler, “Letter from Selma,”
New Yorker,
April 10, 1965, p. 144.

“A few youngsters put on cornflakes boxes for hats”: “Alabama March Passes Midpoint,” NYT, March 24, 1965, p. 1.

“Reverend Abernickel”: Wofford,
Kennedys and Kings,
pp. 192–93.

obediently turned outward: Ibid.; Fager,
Selma, 1965,
pp. 156–57.

“Just tell him no”: LBJ phone call with Drew Pearson, 11:35
A.M.
, March 23, 1965, Cit. 7139–40, Audiotape WH6503.11, LBJ.

Johnson continued seamlessly: PDD, March 23, 1965, LBJ, p. 2.

“Sometimes I just get all hunkered up”: Diary of Ambassador David K. E. Bruce, in FRUS, Vol. 2, pp. 471–72.

“It is still raining”: Califano to McNamara et al., “Report No. 7 as of 1300,” March 23, 1965, Ex HU2/ST1, Box 24, LBJ.

congratulate Gemini 3 astronauts: PDD, March 23, 1965, p. 4, LBJ.

“I think we've got you something”: LBJ phone call with John McCormack, Wilbur Mills, Wilbur Cohen, and Carl Albert, 4:54
P.M.,
March 23, 1965, Cit. 7141–42, Audiotape WH6503.11, LBJ.

“a sea of mud”: FBI Selma to Director, March 23, 1965, FSMM-201.

bales of hay and straw: Ibid., p. 3; NYT, March 24, 1965, p. 1.

“community sing”: Mobile LHM dated March 26, 1965, FSMM-374, p. 20.

Odetta found Pete Seeger: Adler, “Letter from Selma,”
New Yorker,
April 10, 1965, pp. 146–48.

recruited seminarian Jonathan Daniels: Eagles,
Outside Agitator,
p. 41.

broke down into shouts and seizures: FBI Selma to Director, March 23, 1965, FSMM-215; Rosen to Belmont, March 23, 1965, FSMM-239.

extra creosote cleaner in a rented water truck: FBI LHM dated March 24, 1965, FSMM-258, p. 2; FBI Selma to Director, March 24, 1965, FSMM-188; McGowan to Rosen, March 24, 1965, FSMM-218.

Wet Guardsmen on perimeter duty broke discipline: NYT, March 24, 1965, p. 33.

“You goddam kids”: Wofford,
Kennedys and Kings,
pp. 193–94.

Two photographers scuffled: Fager,
Selma, 1965,
p. 157.

arrested one of twenty-eight pickets at the Hotel Sheraton: NYT, March 24, 1965, p. 32.

William Walker, whose family in Selma: Cleveland LHM dated March 24, 1965, FK-1097.

made room for two Ohio priests: Rev. Edward J. Griffin and Rev. Thomas J. Gallagher, per SAC, Cleveland to Director, March 24, 1965, FSMM-317.

before seven o'clock Wednesday morning: Hoover to Katzenbach, March 25, 1965, FSMM-214.

Jonathan Daniels hitched a ride back: Judy Upham tape 2, oral history dated June 6, 1966, p. 20, JDC.

“All those who wish to take hot baths”: Adler, “Letter from Selma,”
New Yorker,
April 10, 1965, p. 144.

The march doubled to 675 people: Hoover to Katzenbach, March 25, 1965, FSMM-214.

crash impact on the moon crater Alphonsus: Associated Press,
Year in 1965,
p. 65.

WHHY broadcast news: Adler, “Letter from Selma,”
New Yorker,
April 10, 1965, p. 148; NYT, March 24, 1965, p. 33; Wofford,
Kennedys and Kings,
pp. 194–95.

King rejoined the columns: Mobile LHM dated March 26, 1965, FSMM-374, pp. 24–25.

delegation from the Anti-Defamation League: Epstein, “Notes on a Visit to Selma,” p. 4, RSP1.

thunderstorms at 1:30: Mobile LHM dated March 26, 1965, FSMM-374, p. 23;
Saturday Evening Post,
May 22, 1965, p. 93.

officials processed a rash of unseen threats: FBI HQ LHM dated March 24, 1965, FSMM-258; Hoover to Katzenbach, March 25, 1965, FSMM-214.

“The latest estimates ran”: Califano to McNamara et al., “Report No. 11 as of 1630,” March 24, 1965, Ex HU2/ST1, Box 24, LBJ.

twenty prominent historians: NYT, March 23, 1965, p. 28.

stranded all night by balky crews: FBI HQ LHM dated March 24, 1965, FSMM-258, p. 2; BAA, April 3, 1965, p. 12.

Two hundred students came straight from Kilbey State Prison: NYT, March 24, 1965, p. 33; int. Charles Strain, DePaul University, Feb. 21, 2002.

“a grandeur that was almost biblical”: NYT, March 25, 1965, p. 1, cited in Garrow,
Protest,
p. 116.

Hands passed food: Wofford,
Kennedys and Kings,
p. 196; Fager,
Selma, 1965,
p. 158.

Poles snapped on two of the field tents: FBI Mobile to Director, March 24, 1965, FSMM-320.

14: THE STAKES OF HISTORY

“sit on your tail up there in Boston”: LBJ conversation with Henry Cabot Lodge, 3:35
P.M.
, March 24, 1965, Cit. 7145-46, Audiotape WH6503.12, LBJ.

flayed Lodge to confidants: Cf. Dictabelt of LBJ conversation with McGeorge Bundy, 5:55
P.M.
, Dec. 9, 1963, LBJ.

“ain't worth a damn”: Branch,
Pillar,
pp. 308–9.

“things screwed up good”: Dictabelt of LBJ conversation with William Fulbright, 7:01
P.M.
, December 2, 1963, LBJ.

Johnson blamed Lodge for conniving: Branch,
Pillar,
pp. 176–77.

McNamara considered him: McNamara,
In Retrospect,
p. 106.

“thinks he's emperor out there”: LBJ conversation with Richard Russell, 10:55
A.M.
, May 27, 1964, Cit. 3519a, Audiotape WH6405.10, LBJ.

“crossed the Rubicon”: Taylor,
Swords,
p. 341.

“The Vietnamese have no tradition”: McGeorge Bundy to LBJ, March 8, 1965, with attached “Memorandum by the Presidential Consultant on Vietnam (Lodge),” March 8, 1965, in FRUS, Vol. 2, pp. 414–20. Johnson referred to the March 8 memo in his March 25 conversation with Lodge, Cit. 7147-49. The White House diary states that he and Lodge took an eleven-minute walk on March 9, shortly before the second attempted march from Selma to Montgomery. “No other record of their conversation has been found,” noted the official FRUS historians who published the declassified papers in 1996.

Ambassador Taylor consistently opposed: Cf. McNamara,
In Retrospect,
p. 174; Logevall,
Choosing,
pp. 295, 362, 369; FRUS, Vol. 2, pp. 12–19, 347–49, 408–11, 554–55.

“sap the already flaccid purpose”: FRUS, Vol. 2, pp. 486–90.

“white-faced soldier, armed, equipped”: Taylor, top secret telegram to Rusk, Feb. 22, 1965, in FRUS, Vol. 2, pp. 347–49, cited in Langguth,
Vietnam,
p. 348.

“Don't you mention this other thing”: LBJ conversation with Henry Cabot Lodge, 3:35
P.M.
, March 24, 1965, Cit. 7145–46, Audiotape WH6503.12, LBJ.

“work moratorium”: Menashe and Radosh,
Teach-Ins,
pp. 4–16.

“we have not yet learned”: Ibid., pp. 59–64.

confusion on the verge of panic: Fager,
Selma, 1965,
pp. 158–59; Wofford,
Kennedys and Kings,
pp. 195–96; Adler, “Letter from Selma,”
New Yorker,
April 10, 1965, pp. 150–51.

Equipment failure left the St. Jude campsite: FBI Selma to Director, March 25, 1965, FSMM-314.

ten thousand close to thirty thousand: Mobile LHM dated March 26, 1965, FSMM-374, p. 31; Hoover to Katzenbach, March 26, 1965, FSMM-214, p. 3.

fifty-seven people collapsed: NYT, March 25, 1965, p. 27.

Coretta King read: Wofford,
Kennedys and Kings,
p. 196; King,
My Life,
p. 269.

“I was born and reared just eighty miles from here”: “The Saga of Selma: A Tape Recording by ESCRU,” AEC.

Viola Liuzzo of Detroit slept in her car: Stanton,
From Selma,
p. 164.

another contentious late staff meeting: Int. Richmond Smiley, Dec. 28, 1983; int. Jack Pratt, March 25, 1991.

a delegation of 293 landing at 4:45
A.M
. from Burbank: Rabbi Jacob Pressman, “March on Montgomery,” March 27, 1965, A/KP21f12.

four hundred people from New York City: NYT, March 25, 1965, p. 27.

a long line of rumbling buses: Epstein, “Notes on a Visit to Selma,” RSP1, p. 4.

the university tower struck eight o'clock: Menashe and Radosh,
Teach-Ins,
p. 7.

the conscious model of SNCC's Freedom Schools: Ibid., p. 9; Cagin and Dray,
Not Afraid,
pp. 173–74. William Gamson, chair of the University of Michigan Sociology Department, suggested the Vietnam civic action at an informal meeting of faculty on March 11.

The “teach-in” phenomenon: Viorst,
Fire,
p. 398; Wells,
War Within,
p. 24; Powers,

War,
pp. 55–56.

“Good morning, sir, how did you sleep?”: LBJ conversation with Henry Cabot Lodge, 8:52
A.M.
, March 25, 1965, Cit. 7147-49, Audiotape WH6503.12, LBJ.

“I am smoking too many of them”: LBJ conversation with Nicholas Katzenbach, 9:35
A.M.
, March 25, 1965, Cit. 7150, Audiotape WH6503.12, LBJ.

“an acre of English ground”: Associated Press,
World in 1965,
pp. 94–95.

planted three PT-109 tie clasps: Ibid., pp. 58–59; Thomas,
Robert Kennedy,
pp. 306–7.

“Where is my immigration bill”: LBJ conversation with Edward Kennedy, 12:44
P.M.
, March 25, 1965, Cit. 7156, Audiotape WH6503.13, LBJ.