Battle Cry of Freedom: The Civil War Era (178 page)

   freedmen's labor regulations of,
711

   Red River campaign,
722
–23

Banks and banking: as antebellum political issue,
26
–31,
158
,
160
,
173
,
191
–92

   wartime creation of national banking system,
444
,
453
,
593
–94

Barker, James,
135

Barton, Clara,
483
,
532

Bates, Edward,
217
,
260
,
364

Battles, dual names,
346
n

Beard, Charles and Mary, and "Second American Revolution" thesis,
452
–53

Beauregard, Pierre Gustave T.,
321
,
857

   in Mexican War,
4

   and Fort Sumter,
267

   opens fire,
273

   strategic ideas of,
336
,
337
–38

   first Manassas,
339
–46

   designs battle flag,
342

   in Virginia theater,
361

   feud with Davis,
365
–66

   transferred to West,
367
,
397
–98

   Shiloh campaign and battle,
406
–14

   evacuates Corinth,
416
–17,
418
,
488

   relieved of command,
516

   bloodthirsty response to Emancipation Proclamation,
565
–66

   commands Charleston defenses,
576
,
646
,
677

   back in Virginia,
723

   and battle of Drewry's Bluff,
724

   defense of Petersburg,
740
–41

Bedini, Gaetano,
133
,
135

Bee, Barnard,
342

Bell, John: presidential candidate in 1860,
221
–22,
228
,
229
,
232
,
703

   embraces Confederacy,
277

Bellows, Henry,
481
,
482

Belmont, battle of,
396
,
401

Benjamin, Judah P.: on secession,
237
,
254

   Conefederate secretary of state,
373

   "peace negotiations" in 1864,
768

   and Kenner mission,
838

Benton, Thomas Hart,
49
,
155
,
158
,
353

Bentonville, battle of,
830

Bickerdyke, Mary Anne,
483

Bickley, George,
116

Big Black River, battle of,
630
–31

Black, Jeremiah,
266

Black Hawk,
45

Black laws

   in Ohio, repealed,
67
n

   in northern states,
88

   in Kansas,
159

   in Illinois,
507

   repeal of, during and after war,
840

Black sailors, in Union navy,
563
–64

Black soldiers in Union army: number from upper South,
306

   authorized by 1862 militia act,
500

   sanctioned by Emancipation Proclamation,
563

   first regiments organized,
564

   54th Mass.,
84
n,
565

   southern response to,
565
–66

   and prisoners of war issue,
567
,
650
,
792
–96

   southern murder of captured soldiers,
634

   fighting of, at Milliken's Bend,
634

   at Port Hudson,
637
–38

   in Arkansas,
668

   assault on Fort Wagner,
686
–87

   at Petersburg,
740

   massacre of, at Fort Pillow,
748
and n,
793
,
794
–95

   at the Crater,
759
–60,
793

   Lincoln on contributions of,
769

   issue of equal pay for,
788
–89

   in battle of Nashville,
813
,
815

Black suffrage: defeated in New York,
137
,
159
–60,
224
–25

   as an issue of reconstruction,
701
–2,
705
,
707
–8,
843
–44

Blackwell, Elizabeth,
480

Blair, Austin,
227

Blair, Francis Preston: in 1856 election,
154

   in 1860 election,
217
,
260

   and Early's raid,
757

   and Hampton Roads conference,
821
–22

Blair, Francis Preston, Jr.: and struggle for Missouri,
290
–92,
352
,
717

   appointed general,
329

   attacks Chase,
714
–15

Blair, Montgomery: postmaster general,
260
,
261

   and Fort Sumter,
268

   opposes Emancipation Proclamation,
505
,
557

   role in Lincoln's reelection,
714

   home burned by rebels,
757

   resigns,
776

Blockade of southern ports: initiation of,
313
–14,
316
,
335
,
350
,
355

   operation of,
369
,
373
,
378
–79

   effectiveness of,
380
–82

   and foreign relations,
382
–83,
385
,
386
–88

Blockade runners,
378
–80,
386
,
546
–47

Blunt, James G.,
668

Booth, John Wilkes,
851
,
853

Border states: dilemma of, after Sumter,
276
–77

   remain under tenuous Union control,
284
–97

   importance of,
306
–7

   issue of emancipation in,
498
–99,
502
–3

Botts, John Minor,
434

Boyce, William,
428

Boyd, Belle,
456

Bradford, William F.,
748

Bragg, Braxton,
597
,
613
,
626
,
646
,
696
,
735

   in Mexican War,
5

   approves Brooks's assault on Sumner,
151

   Shiloh campaign,
406

   replaces Beauregard as commander,
417

   Kentucky invasion,
515
–18,
524
,
534
,
535
,
545
,
858

   battle of Perryville,
519
–20

   at Murfreesboro,
561
,
577

   dissension with corps commanders,
576
,
583

   battle of Murfreesboro,
579
–82

   sends reinforcements to Johnston,
633

   Tullahoma campaign,
669

   evacuates Chattanooga,
670
,
703

   Chickamauga campaign and battle,
671
–74

   besieges Chattanooga,
675

   new quarrels with generals,
676
–77,
747

   and battles of Chattanooga,
677
–80

   relieved of command,
681
,
719

   as Davis's military adviser,
752
–53

   evaluation of,
857

Brandy Station, battle of,
649

Breckinridge, John C.: as vice president,
194

   presidential candicacy,
216
,
222
,
223
,
228
,
232
,
251
,
285

   joins Confederacy,
296

   division commander at Murfreesboro,
580
–82

   dislike of Bragg,
583

   battle of New Market,
724

Brice's Crossroads, battle of,
748

Bright, John,
549
–50

Britain: and slavery as issue in war,
311

   and
Monitor-Virginia
battle,
377

   and Union blockade,
380
,
383
,
385
,
386
–87

   and southern cotton,
383
–86

   issue of recognizing Confederacy,
387
–89,
545

   
Trent
crisis,
389
–91

   mediation moves in 1862,
546
,
554
–57