Black Gotham: A Family History of African Americans in Nineteenth-Century New York City (68 page)

school years of,
78

and segregation,
185

and Stewart,
137–
138

Crummell, Boston,
38–
40,
43
,
65
,
119

African birth of,
71
,
121

and community institutions,
38
,
122
,
127

property of,
37

Schermerhorn as former master of,
38
,
48

Crummell, Charity Hicks,
38
,
42

Crummell family,
38–
40,
44
,
95
,
100
,
113
,
291
,
385

Curtis, William and Sarah,
291

Cypress Hills Cemetery,
19
,
385

Daniel, John M.,
188

Dante Alighieri,
18
,
382
,
383–
384

Daughters of Israel,
137

Daughters of Wesley,
137
,
138

Davis, Jefferson,
231

De Bow, James,
228

De Bow’s Review
,
153

Declaration of Independence,
201
,
262

de Forest rum distillers,
256

DeGrasse, George,
37
,
40
,
65
,
71

DeGrasse, Isaiah,
128
,
172

death of,
147

and General Theological Seminary,
108–
111,
209

in Jamaica,
114
,
147

in the ministry,
85
,
114

and New York Select Academy,
141

and St. Philip’s,
168

school years of,
5
,
40–
41

DeGrasse, John,
40
,
166
,
265
,
267–
272,
268
,
303

DeGrasse, Maria Van Surlay,
40
,
75
,
136–
137,
140

DeGrasse family,
40–
41,
44
,
100
,
113
,
265
,
291

Democratic Party,
228–
229,
230–
231,
318–
319,
363–
366

Denniston, Daniel,
50

Dickens, Charles,
63
,
179

Dickerson, Martina,
171

Dorsey, Charles,
352
,
371

“double consciousness,”
130
,
221–
222

Douglass, Frederick,
13
,
188
,
197
,
200
,
244
,
273
,
277

and
Frederick Douglass’ Paper
,
25
,
27
,
217–
219,
230

Life and Times
,
387

and National Lincoln Monument Association,
275
,
276

and
North Star
,
27
,
147
,
164
,
187

sons in the military,
265

and Underground Railroad,
195

Douglass, Sarah Mapps,
138

Downing, George T.,
28
,
104
,
105
,
315
,
316
,
386

catering establishment of,
103
,
186–
187

and community institutions,
133
,
135–
136,
348

eulogy for Philip White by,
141–
142,
143
,
144
,
158
,
159–
160,
161
,
391

and Garnet,
202
,
273–
274

and his father,
388

and National Lincoln Monument Association,
275
,
276

personal traits of,
79
,
103
,
319

political activism of,
13
,
88
,
123
,
196
,
207–
208,
264
,
273
,
277–
279,
364–
365,
388

and St. Philip’s,
168
,
208

school years of,
5
,
7
,
79

and Sea Girt House,
278

Downing, Mena,
315

Downing, Serena DeGrasse,
168

Downing, Thomas,
64
,
92
,
183

and civil rights,
122
,
191

and community institutions,
119
,
127
,
133
,
169

death of,
388

and political parties,
199

restaurant owned by,
65
,
101
,
103
,
122
,
183–
185

Downing family,
64
,
386

Draft Riots (1863),
223–
258,
283
,
296–
297,
387

and black elite,
236–
248

Colored Orphan Asylum,
157
,
232–
235

conspiracy theory about,
260

Merchants’ Relief Committee,
255–
258

New York Police Department and,
249
,
253–
255

reparations for,
252–
253

rioters and rioting,
225–
228

and St. Philip’s,
248–
252

and white politicians,
228–
229

Dresser, Horace,
391

Druggists’ Circular and Chemical Gazette
,
328–
329,
330

Druggists’ Reference Register
,
328
,
331

Du Bois, W. E. B.,
7
,
8
,
347
,
374

and “double consciousness,”
130

The Souls of Black Folk
,
4
,
111–
112,
381

Duchesne, Alexis,
36

Eato, Mary,
350–
351

Elliott, E. N.,
188

education,
74–
76,
79–
92,
105–
116,
126
,
139–
141,
203–
206,
306–
307,
350–
352,
367–
372

and literary knowledge,
74
,
126
,
127–
129,
171
,
320
,
374
,
381–
383

elites

—race relations

between black and white women,
359–
360

in public,
190–
192

whimsy of,
188–
189,
191

with Germans,
227
,
241
,
292
,
297

with Irish,
147
,
225
,
227
,
246–
248,
292
,
294–
295

with merchants,
61–
62,
148–
149,
153
,
255–
258,
326–
328

with professional classes,
302–
305,
329–
333

with white abolitionists,
68–
69,
99–
100,
197–
201,
204
,
295–
296

with white elites,
154–
155,
184
,
192–
194,
259
,
361–
362,
378–
381

—social life

and church,
168

exclusivity,
170
,
322

parties,
314–
316

private clubs,
316–
319

role of women,
170–
172

salons,
170

—values of

as black Knickerbockers,
64
,
166
,
167
,
321

character and respectability,
7–
8,
43
,
65
,
76
,
167
,
172–
174,
178

cosmopolitanism,
16
,
30
,
43
,
92
,
129–
130,
221
,
320
,
381

entrepreneurship,
165–
167,
247
,
325–
326,
330–
331

ethic of hard work,
7–
8,
65
,
167
,
325

high culture,
192–
194,
320
,
374–
384

imitation of whites,
129–
130,
319–
325

property ownership,
64
,
167
,
242
,
248
,
278

racial uplift,
139
,
182
,
319
,
346
,
357

temperance,
153
,
182

wealth,
65
,
122
,
166–
167,
257
,
313

—white

and benevolence/philanthropy,
62
,
63
,
68
,
69–
71,
75–
76,
89–
91,
120
,
127
,
156–
157,
198–
199,
256–
258,
339
,
341–
342,
359–
360

as Knickerbockers,
46–
49

as merchants,
48–
50,
55
,
60–
61,
148–
153,
182
,
185
,
228–
229,
247
,
255–
258,
259

and Metropolitan Museum of Art,
375–
381

“Patriarchs” and “the Four Hundred,”
321

and patronage,
105
,
153
,
155
,
184
,
187
,
247

“upper tendom,”
173
,
186
,
227

Emancipation Day (1827),
71–
74,
100
,
387

Emancipation Proclamation,
231

Emmett, Dan,
190

emigration

to Haiti,
122–
123

to Liberia,
202
,
230
,
277

Ennalls, Sarah,
140
,
264
,
350

Episcopal denomination,
44–
46,
112–
114,
169–
170,
209–
211,
213–
215,
333–
335

Ethiop (pseudonym),
165
,
167
,
172–
173,
217–
218,
219
,
381