Caesar's Legion: The Epic Saga of Julius Caesar's Elite Tenth Legion and the Armies of Rome (58 page)

at Jefat, 225–26

camp layout, 9–10, 217, 218–19

Jerusalem siege and, 230, 238–42, 246,

chief centurion, 60

247, 250, 252, 253, 254

daily watchwords, 116–17

on legions in Judea, 10, 234, 278–79

diet, 8, 208–9

Vespasian and, 226–27, 228

discipline enforcement, 8

Juba, king of Numidia, 87, 90, 146, 155,

divisional structure, 212–13

157, 159–65

end of golden age of, 268

Judea, 194, 201, 233, 277, 297, 298

engineering skill, 244

expulsion of Jews from, 266

enlistment terms, 199, 211–12, 273

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foot travel by, 213–14

Messalla, Marcus Valerius, 185, 187, 191

full-strength number, 213

military colonies, 198, 216, 232, 274, 278

golden crown awards, 248–49

military ranks/modern equivalents,

land grants to, 174–75, 192, 193, 211,

196–97, 287–89

216, 255–56, 274

Mithradates of Pergamum, 144

naming/numbering of, 268, 281–84

Moesia.
See
Bulgaria

payment of, 199, 211

Mount of Olives, 235, 245, 251

phalanx formation, 18

Mucianus, Gaius Licinius, 221, 227, 228,

physical requirements, 212

232–33, 256, 258

plunder shares, 11, 19–20, 24, 211,

Munda, Battle of, 1–5, 168–73, 198

253–54, 255, 256–57

Mural Crown, 248–49, 255

prayer of, 33

ranks/modern equivalents, 196–97,

9th Legion (later 9th Hispana), 9, 11,

287–89

68, 88–89, 137, 165, 169, 195, 268

reenlistment factor, xvi, 63–64, 211–12,

in Britain, 42, 44, 274

213, 273–75

Caesar’s mutiny-quelling speech to,

religious purification ceremony, 158

146–48

retirement, 63–64.
See
reenlistment facin civil war in Albania/Greece, 100,

tor

105–8, 113, 115, 118, 127–29

trumpet call, 20

in civil war in North Africa, 149–50,

uniforms, 213, 214–15

152, 155, 157, 159, 163

unique commands, 199, 277–79

in civil war in Spain, 77, 80, 81, 84

Vespasian reforms, 258–59, 272, 279,

combined with 8th, 108, 115, 118, 127

284

defection back to Caesar, 174

weapons, 17–19, 215, 238–39

defection to Pompey brothers, 166,

See also specific legions by number

168, 169

Legio X. See
10th Legion

founding in Spain, 7, 61, 270, 273, 282

Lentulus, Lucius, 118, 127–28, 129, 133,

in Gaul, 14, 15–16, 25, 26, 62

140, 142

German defeat of, 200

Lepidus, Larcius, 233, 235–36, 252, 258

looting of Roman homes by, 145

Lepidus, Marcus, 78, 87, 150, 175, 188

mutinies, 86–88, 130–31, 133–35, 150

in Second Triumvirate, 181–82

10th Legion centurions from, 8

Lérida, 79–82

19th Legion, 72, 74, 270

Liberalis, 168

Napoleon, 120, 172

Libo, Lucius, 99, 100

Nasidius, Lucius, 85

Lollius, Marcus, 191

Nero, Emperor, 204, 211, 216, 265, 281,

Longinus, Lucius, 101

298

Lucan, 66, 220

conspiracies against, 219–20, 228, 230

Luke, St., 298

Corbulo command and, 205, 209, 210,

Lusitania campaign, 9–11

219

Lustration Exercise, 158, 193

legions, 195, 258, 271, 283, 284

suicide of, 230–31

Macedonia, 101, 118, 179–82, 189, 193

Vespasian and, 221, 222

Marcellinus, Lentulus, 106

watchword, 116

Marcus Aurelius, Emperor, 22, 117

Nervii tribe, 25–27, 119

legions, 270, 272, 284, 296

news couriers, 218–19

Marius, Gaius, 8, 18

Normandy landing (1944), 93–94

Marseilles (Massilia), siege of, 77, 85–87,

North Africa, 87, 90

117

civil war in, 133, 146, 149–66

Martia Legion, 180–81, 187, 282–83

See also
Egypt; Thapsus, Battle of

Masada, 219, 230, 231, 232, 257, 260–63

Numidians, 87, 151, 154–65

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Octavian.
See
Augustus

Pliny the Younger, 298

Octavius, Marcus, 87, 88, 92, 137, 191

plunder, 11, 19–20, 24, 110, 145, 208

omens, 7, 112, 116, 121, 176–77, 186

of Cleopatra’s treasury, 194

Oppius, 67, 150

of Gomphi, 110

Otho, Emperor, 216, 231, 232, 258

at Jerusalem, 253–54, 255, 256–57

Ovid, 71, 242

Plutarch, 185, 193–94, 292

Pollio, Gaius Asinius, 14–15, 67–70, 72,

Paetus, Caesennius, 209, 210

90, 119, 132, 171, 174, 293

Palatine Legions, 267–68

memoirs of, 103, 133, 152

Palatium, 209, 210, 216, 218, 221, 258

North African campaign, 150, 152

Judean station and, 266–67

subsequent career, 175

seal of, 219

Polybius, 297

Pannonian War, 199

Pompey, Gnaeus (son), 101, 115–16, 119,

Pansa, Gaius Vibius, 180, 181

128, 168

Paris, origins of, 53, 55

civil war continuance, 1–5, 164–73

Parthia, 65, 188, 197, 282, 284

Pompey, Sextus (son), 111, 139–42, 286

Caesar’s planned campaign against,

civil war continuance, 2–3, 164–66,

165, 175, 176, 179, 180

174–75

Corbulo’s campaigns, 205, 207–10,

Pompey the Great, 35, 87, 90, 150, 268

226

age and achievements, 7, 121

Germanicus and, 200, 201

Antony assessment by, 100, 106

See also
Carrhae, Battle of

assassination of, 142–43

Patton, George S., 69

assassination of Caesar and, 176, 177,

Paul, St., 275, 278, 298

178

Pedius, General, 17, 165, 166

burial place, 143

Peter, St., 298

Caesar relationship, 7, 66–67, 69, 142,

Peticius, Captain, 138–39

282

Petreius, Marcus, 79, 81–86, 103, 123,

compared with Caesar, 111

133, 153–54, 161, 164

conflict with Caesar.
See
civil war Petro, Granius, 151

in First Triumvirate, 61

Petro, Titus Flavius, 136–37

Jerusalem Temple and, 253

phalanx formation, 18, 23

legions, 7, 13–14, 16, 118, 269–70, 273,

Pharnaces, king of Pontus, 145

281–82, 283

Pharsalus (Farsala), Battle of, 110–11,

loyalists, 72, 73–74, 77, 78, 98, 111,

113–37, 160, 198, 274, 282

131–32, 149

Caesar troop mutinies after, 130–31,

omen at Pharsalus, 116

133–34

popularity of, 66, 165

Munda compared with, 170

primary sources on, 292

Philippi compared with, 187

tactical skill, 102–3

Pompeian escapees, 130–39, 152, 164

wives of, 36, 111, 139–42

Pompey at, 115–16, 117, 121, 125,

Pontus, 141, 144, 145, 165, 166, 223

128–29, 133, 170, 187

Portugal, 9–10, 198

Thapsus compared with, 163, 164

praetor, 197

watchwords, 116–17, 168

praetorian gate, 39

Philippi, Battles of, 183–88, 195, 198

Praetorian Guard, 116, 117, 187, 195,

Phrygius, Titus, 252

220, 231, 232, 256, 288

Pilatus, Pontius, 278

praetorium,
10, 217, 218–19

Piso, Gnaeus Calpurnius, 200–203, 220,

prefect, 196, 278, 288

274

primary sources, 291–98

Plancina (wife of Piso), 201, 202–3

Priscus, General, 220

Pliny the Elder, 295

prisoners, treatment of, 11

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procurator, 278, 279

in Gaul, 61–62, 79

provincial governor, 197, 274

at Pharsalus, 118, 127, 128, 133

Ptolemais, 222, 223, 224

remobilization of, 85–86

Ptolemy XIII, king of Egypt, 119, 140–41,

in Syria, 198, 200, 201, 203, 206–10,

142, 144

220

Publius Syrus, 244

Vespasian support by, 233, 256

Puleio, Titus, 87–88, 107–8, 118

7th Gemina Legion, 231, 271–72

7th Legion (later 7th Claudia Pia Fidelis),

Qumran, 229–30

111, 137, 176, 179, 228, 231

Augustus and, 180–81, 184, 195

reenlistment factor, xvi, 199, 211–12, 213,

Brindisi operation, 88–89

273–75.
See also
10th Legion

British campaign, 30–45

republicanism, 132, 175–79, 182, 187

as Caesar’s bodyguards, 175

Rhine River, 22, 23, 28–29, 50–53, 68,

in Caesar’s invasion of Italy and, 68

216, 232, 234

in civil war in Albania/Greece, 100,

Roman calendar, 92

106, 113, 115, 128, 129

Rome

in civil war in North Africa, 150, 152,

Augustus as first emperor, 195–96

158, 159, 160

Caesar’s march on, 67–75

in civil war in Spain, 2, 77, 81, 84,

Caesar’s martial law in, 89

165–68

daily newspaper, 218

founding in Spain, 61, 269, 273, 282

fall to barbarians, 267

in Gaul, 14–16, 25–28, 55, 62

legions’ rampage in, 145–48, 155

loyalty to Caesar, 145, 168

Second Triumvirate, 181–89

mutinies, 86–88, 130, 133–35

See also
Senate, Roman

official title, 268

Roucillus, 105–6, 112, 114

16th Legion (later 16th Flavia), 68, 77,

Rubicon River, 67–70, 74, 97

216, 265, 268, 270, 282

Rufus, Terentius, 256

17th Legion, 72, 74, 90, 233, 258, 270

Rufus, Tinnius, 265

Sabinus (Syrian legionary), 247–48

Ruspina Plain, Battle of, 152–54, 155,

Sabinus, Flavius, 222

158, 162, 164

Sabinus, Gaius, 101, 105

Sabinus, Procurator, 198

2nd Legion (later 2nd Augusta), 221, 234,

Sabinus, Quintus Titurius, 17, 31, 50, 52

268, 269

Salienus, Titus, 76, 157

Caesar’s assimilation of, 85

Sallust (Gaius Sallustius Crispus), 67, 146, in civil war, 79, 84, 85

150, 165

defection back to Pompey, 3, 165, 166,

Salome, 259

170

Saturnalia, 151

founding of, 79, 269, 282

Saturninus Revolt, 267, 270, 271

mistakenly reported at Thapsus, 159

Saxa, Lucius Decidius, 183

6th Ferrata Legion, 265, 267, 271

Scaevus, Cassius, 104

6th Legion (later 6th Victrix), 195

Scipio, Metellus, 101, 110, 111, 128

in civil war in Spain, 2, 79, 81, 83, 84,

civil war continuance in North Africa,

166–67, 169

146, 149, 153–62, 169, 226

cohorts with Caesar, 135–36, 282

escape from Pharsalus, 133

cohorts with Scipio, 160, 161, 164

legions, 117–18, 282

Conqueror title, 198, 268

suicide of, 164

defectors from, 103, 115, 118, 160

Second Triumvirate, 181–89

discharge date, 84

Second World War, 93–94, 151

in Egypt with Caesar, 144

Senate, Roman, 8, 12, 13, 28, 29, 258

founding in Spain, 269, 273, 282

Antony and, 180–81, 189

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Senate, Roman
(continued)

Sulpicius Rufus, Publius, 31, 67

Caesar’s takeover of, 67–75, 77, 97,

Sulpicius Severus, 252

175–76

Swiss campaign, 13–20

“conspiracy” against Caesar, 176–78

Syria, 140, 165, 180–82, 186, 194, 233,

legion allocations and, 65

267–68

members barred from Egypt, 202, 223,

Corbulo command, 205, 206–10, 219,

277

220

Pompey loyalists, 66–67, 73, 77, 131,

Crassus command, 35

149

Gallus command, 220–21

Seneca, 154, 205, 220

Germanicus command, 200–204

Sentius, Gneius, 203

as 10th Legion base, 197–216

sentries, 10

Syrian Legions, 282

Septimius, Lucius, 140, 141, 142

Servilia (sister of Cato the Younger), 131

3rd Cyrenaica Legion, 272, 283–84

Severus, Julius, 266

3rd Gallica Legion, 272, 283

Severus, Verulanus, 209

3rd Legion (later 3rd Augusta), 279,

Severus Alexander, Emperor, 219, 272, 284

283–84

shields, 17–19

Antony command, 189

Sicily, 72, 87, 146, 174, 188, 286

in Bulgaria, 228, 247–48

North African invasion from, 149–52,

with Caesar in Gaul, 83–84, 86

155–59

Cisalpine recruits, 165, 169

World War II invasion of, 151

in civil war in Spain, 2, 79, 165–67, 169

Silva, Flavius, 260–64

cohorts with Corbulo, 207–10

Simon bar Kochba, 265–66

founding and title, 268, 269, 282

Simon ben Gioras, 231, 232, 238, 256

Jewish revolts and, 219–29, 234, 238,

Simon the Idumaean, 254, 255

243, 247–48, 252, 259, 261

slaves, 11, 28, 59, 60, 73, 160, 203

religious observance, 248

Spain

as St. Paul escorts, 275, 278

Caesar in, 1–12, 282

10th Gemina Legion, 272

civil war in, 1–5, 76–85, 164–74

10th Legion

legionaries’ fraternization, 81

Antony and, 137, 179, 181–92

legionaries’ land grants in, 174–75

Armenian campaign, 207–10, 226

legions’ march from, 149

Augustus and, 194–98

Lepidus command in, 175